400 Offerings, Gyabshi; 四百供 (加西); Tibetan: བརྒྱ་བཞི (Gyabshi); Wylie: brgya bzhi;

（一）四百供緣起：
相傳，帝釋天王因往昔業力，招致四魔（天子魔、煩惱魔、蘊魔、死魔）侵擾，痛苦萬分，祈請佛陀救護。 佛陀即入甚深禪定，化現廣大壇城，右手結勝施印，以四指尖勾召四魔，陳設四類供養物品，各有百種：

• 為除天子魔故，供一百個 食子；白色東方
• 為除蘊魔故，供一百個小擦擦(佛塔)；黃色南方
• 為除煩惱魔故，供一百盞燈；紅色西方
• 為除死魔故，供一百個替身芻像等。黑色北方

此即「四百供」的由來。其後，此殊勝法門輾轉傳至聖龍猛 (龍樹) 菩薩，複由龍猛傳授予印度諸位班智達及成就者，後經佛智大譯師傳入西藏，如今已遍傳於藏傳佛教四大 教派。

（二）四百供功德利益：
欲證佛果，需斷除一切煩惱、所知二障，圓滿色、法二身之因──福德、智慧二種資糧。 即於修佛法，乃至世間資生，無不需要福德、智慧。 時值末法，五濁惡世，吾輩所遭逢之疾病、鬥諍、災厄、違緣等，亦較往昔為盛，蓋以福日薄、慧日淺，而煩惱日益熾盛故。 四百供禳解除障法，正是消除業障、增長福慧的一種殊勝法門，是因為此法依儀軌如法懺悔罪墮業障，且上供十方諸佛、本尊、菩薩、空行、 護法，下施六道眾生、冤親債主及邪魔鬼魅，可令四賓悅足，四魔調伏。 詳言之：化解冤親債主牽纏，對治惡符咒詛傷害，制退盜賊怨敵、邪魔鬼祟侵害，消除種種非時橫死、天災、疾疫及其他一切違緣障礙，令正法、吉祥得以增盛 廣大，並可增長福德、智慧，堪為獲得增上生及決定善之助伴。

The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.

(1) Origin of 400 offerings

It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras  (the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:

• To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.
• To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction
• To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.
• To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction

This is the origin of the “Four Hundred Offerings.” Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:

To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha—the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)—which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.

In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.

The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, ḍakinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.

Specifically, the benefits include:

• Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.
• Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.
• Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.
• Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.
• Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.
• Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.