{"id":85861,"date":"2024-08-26T20:47:50","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T00:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%96\/"},"modified":"2024-12-09T15:37:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T20:37:43","slug":"sumeru","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mount Meru<\/strong>; <strong>&#38920;&#24396;&#23665; <\/strong>(&#21033;&#25289;)<strong>; <\/strong>Tibetan: <span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mountain; &#23665;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21033;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (ri);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ri&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3938;&#3954;&#3851;<\/a><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Highest, Best&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26368;&#22909;, &#26368;&#39640; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (rab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/highest\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/highest\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3938;&#3926;<\/a><\/strong><\/span> (ri rab); <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration, designed by American Turrell V. Wylie in 1959, is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. It precisely transcribes Tibetan script as written but does not represent the modern pronunciation of Tibetan words.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&#26159;&#30001;&#29305;&#29790;&#29246;&middot;&#23041;&#21033;&#26044;1959&#24180;&#35373;&#35336;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#25991;&#36681;&#23531;&#31995;&#32113;, &#21482;&#29992;26&#20491;&#25289;&#19969;&#23383;&#27597;, &#20294;&#20006;&#19981;&#34920;&#29694;&#20195;&#34255;&#35486;&#30332;&#38899;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Wylie<\/a>: <strong>ri rab<\/strong>; <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit means &lsquo;polished&rsquo;. It is a language of ancient India, the primary language of Hindu and Mahayana Buddhism texts. It is more complex with larger vocabulary than Pali. It was spoken only in royal court by priests and intellectuals.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#35486;&#21360;&#27472;&#35486;&#31995;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#30340;&#35486;&#35328;&#20043;&#19968;, &#28858;&#19968;&#31278;&#23416;&#34899;&#21644;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23560;&#38272;&#29992;&#35486;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sanskrit\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sanskrit\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sanskrit<\/a>: <strong>Sumeru<\/strong>;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Sumeru is a square mountain at the center of the world.&nbsp; South face is made of gold, east made of crystal, south made of lapis lazuli and west&nbsp; made of ruby.&nbsp; It is surround by seven lakes and seven rings of gold mountains. There is an ocean with <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>four continents<\/a>: <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Purvavideha<\/a> (east of Sumeru), <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Aparagodaniya<\/a> (west), <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Uttarakuru<\/a> (north), and <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Jambudvipa<\/a> (south) where Buddhism appears.&nbsp; Sun and moon move around Mount Sumeru.<\/p>\n<p>&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#28858;&#20315;&#25945;&#12289;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#30340;&#19990;&#30028;&#20013;&#24515;&#30340;&#31070;&#23665;&#65292;&#21271;&#38754;&#22825;&#37329;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#26481;&#38754;&#22825;&#37504;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#21335;&#38754;&#22825;&#38738;&#29705;&#29827;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#35199;&#38754;&#38935;&#26792;&#27700;&#26230;&#25152;&#25104;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#22823;&#28023;&#22806;&#26377;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Element, Realm&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#31278;, &#22235;&#22823;, &#20116;&#22823;, &#20845;&#22823;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhatu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In Buddhism, all matters are made up from four basic elements: earth, water, fire and air. Space (ether) and consciousness are sometimes included as the fifth and sixth elements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#26159;&#27083;&#25104;&#19990;&#30028;&#29289;&#36074;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#20803;&#32032;: &#22320;&#12289;&#27700;&#12289;&#28779;&#12289;&#39080;&#12290;&#21152;&#19978;&amp;quot;&#34395;&#31354;&amp;quot;&#25104;&#20116;&#22823;&#12290;&#21152;&#19978;&amp;quot;&#35672;&amp;quot;&#25104;&#20845;&#22823;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kham; &#24247;&#21312;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24247;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kham is one of the three traditional regions of Tibet, the others being Amdo in the northeast, and &Uuml;-Tsang in central Tibet.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24247;&#21312;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#19977;&#22823;&#20659;&#32113;&#22320;&#21312;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;(&#20854;&#20182;&#26159;&#34907;&#34255;&#21450;&#23433;&#22810;)&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/dhatu\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/dhatu\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22235;&#22823;<\/a>&#37096;&#27954;: <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;<\/a>&#12289;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;<\/a>&#12289;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;<\/a>&#21644;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;<\/a>&#12290;&#26085;&#26376;&#29872;&#32350;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#36939;&#34892;&#12290;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Demi-god, Asura; &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947; (&#25289;&#25935;\/&#25289;&#40635;&#38899;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(lha min)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lha miyin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha min, lha ma yin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Asura;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Demi-god (asura) is one of the six classes of beings (Sadgati) in Buddhist cosmology. Asuras are supernatural beings who live in lower levels of mount Sumeru, obsessed with sensuous aspects of existence and jealousy, endlessly engaged in wars against the Devas (gods).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21972;&#24594;&#23241;&#22930;&#24515;&#37325;&#12289;&#22909;&#29229;&#39717;&#65292;&#24120;&#33287;&#22825;&#20154;&#25136;&#29229;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/asura\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/asura\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;<\/a>&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#24213;&#65292;&#22235;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great King&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#29579;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30342;&#21315;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(gyal chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MahaRaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22825;&#29579;<\/a>&#23621;&#26044;&#23665;&#33145;&#65292;&#23665;&#38914;&#28858;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Thirty-Three Heavens&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;, &#19977;&#21313;&#19977;&#22825;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Trayastrimsa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Trayastrimsa, the Thirty Three Heavens, is the second of the Six Heavens of the Desire Realm. Beings of the Thirty Three Heavens are gods that live on the peak of Sumeru, the central mountain of the world, at a height of 80 yojanas and area of 80,000 yojanas square. Their ruler, Sakra, is a devotee of the Buddha.&nbsp;&nbsp;Inhabitants of Trayastrimsa are half a krosa tall (about 1500 feet) and live for 1,000 years, equivalent to 36 million human years, as each day here is equivalent to 100 years of our world.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#65292;&#24847;&#35695;&#28858;&#19977;&#21313;&#19977;&#22825;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19990;&#30028;&#35264;&#20013;&#27442;&#30028;&#20845;&#27442;&#22825;&#30340;&#31532;&#20108;&#23652;&#22825;&#65292;&#20301;&#26044;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#38914;&#65292;80 &#30001;&#26092;&#39640;&#65292;&#22235;&#38754;&#21508;&#28858;&#20843;&#33836;&#30001;&#26092;&#12290;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#20043;&#20027;&#65292;&#21152;&#23665;&#38914;&#22235;&#38754;&#21508;&#26377;&#20843;&#22823;&#22825;&#29579;&#65292;&#25925;&#21517;&#19977;&#21313;&#19977;&#22825;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#26366;&#32147;&#19978;&#21319;&#21040;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#28858;&#27597;&#35242;&#25705;&#32822;&#22827;&#20154;&#35498;&#27861;&#12290;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#30340;&#20154;&#36523;&#39640;1\/2&#20465;&#30439;&#33293;&#65292;&#22781;&#21629;&#19968;&#21315;&#27506;&#65292;&#26159;&#20154;&#38291;&#19977;&#21315;&#20845;&#30334;&#33836;&#24180; (&#19968;&#26085;&#30456;&#30070;&#26044;&#20154;&#38291;&#19968;&#30334;&#24180;)&#12290;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#30007;&#22899;&#24418;&#20132;&#65292;&#21516;&#26044;&#19990;&#20154;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#27945;&#31934;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19977;&#21313;&#19977;&#22825;&#21517;&#34399;&#22914;&#19979;: The names of the heavens are:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21892;&#27861;&#22530;&#22825; Sudharmanivasini;\n&#23665;&#23791;&#22825; Tunganivasini;\n&#23665;&#38914;&#22825; sikharanivasini;\n&#21892;&#35211;&#22478;&#22825; Sudarsananivasini;\n&#37474;&#31169;&#22320;&#22825; Rasthanivasini;\n&#20534;&#21522;&#22825; Ko&#7789;aranivasini;\n&#38609;&#27583;&#22825; Caitrarathanivasini;\n&#27475;&#21916;&#22290;&#22825; Nandananivasini;\n&#20809;&#26126;&#22825; Vaibhrajanivasini;\n&#27874;&#21033;&#32822;&#22810;&#22825; Pariyatrakanivasini;\n&#38626;&#38522;&#23736;&#22825; amisrata&#7789;anivasini;\n&#35895;&#23830;&#23736;&#22825; Ku&ntilde;jarata&#7789;anivasini;\n&#25705;&#23612;&#34101;&#22825; Manigarbhanivasini;\n&#26059;&#34892;&#22825; avartacara;\n&#37329;&#27583;&#22825; Tapaniyag&#7771;ha;\n&#39704;&#24433;&#22825; Malacchaya;\n&#26580;&#36575;&#22825; Nimnonnatacarini;\n&#38609;&#33624;&#21427;&#22825; Nanabhaktavicitrasarira;\n&#22914;&#24847;&#22825; Yogavaha;\n&#24494;&#32048;&#34892;&#22825; S&#363;ksmacara;\n&#27468;&#38899;&#21916;&#27005;&#22825; Sa&#7747;h&#7771;s&#7789;agitadhvanyabhirata;\n&#23041;&#24499;&#36650;&#22825; Tejomalini;\n&#26376;&#34892;&#22825; Candrayatanacara \/ Candrayanacara;\n&#38331;&#25705;&#37027;&#23057;&#32645;&#22825; Yamanasala;\n&#36895;&#34892;&#22825; Nimesonmesagati;\n&#24433;&#29031;&#22825; Prabalecchacchayasarira \/ Pramanecchasarira \/ Pavanecchacchaya \/ Pravanecchasariresu;\n&#26234;&#24935;&#34892;&#22825; Manicira \/ salecarah;\n&#34886;&#20998;&#22825; Nikayasabhagini;\n&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#22825; Mandalanivasini \/ Mandalanirata;\n&#19978;&#34892;&#22825; Utkarsacarini \/ Autkarsa;\n&#23041;&#24499;&#38996;&#22825; Tejomukha;\n&#23041;&#24499;&#29124;&#36650;&#20809;&#22825; Tejojalini \/ Tejohvalamalini;\n&#28165;&#27972;&#22825; Prakirnaka.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/thirty-three-heaven\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/thirty-three-heaven\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;<\/a>&#30526;&#31070;&#20043;&#29579;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, Shakra; &#24093;&#37323;&#22825;, &#24093;&#37322;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gyachin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya byin, brgya sbyin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, &#346;akra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Hinduism, Indra is the king of gods residing in Amaravati, with thousand eyes on his body, holding a vajra and riding on a white elephant.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Indra is a Dharma protector who resides above Mount Meru (Sumeru), in Trayastrimsha (Thirty-Three Heaven). He was one of two gods&nbsp; (the other was Bhrama) to request Buddha to turn the wheel of dharma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#20043;&#20027;&#65292;&#36523;&#26377;&#21315;&#30524;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#38914;&#65292;&#24231;&#39438;&#28858;&#20845;&#29273;&#30333;&#35937;&#65292;&#32147;&#24120;&#29575;&#38936;&#22825;&#20154;&#33287;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#25136;&#39717;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#30340;&#31070;&#26126;&#12290;&#26366;&#32147;&#22312;&#20315;&#20311;&#25104;&#36947;&#24460;&#35531;&#20315;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#30340;&#22825;&#31070;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#20491;&#26159;&#26805;&#22825;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/indra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/indra\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24093;&#37323;<\/a>&#22825;&#25152;&#23621;&#65292;&#20877;&#19978;&#31354;&#28858;&#22235;&#27442;&#22825;: (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yama Heaven&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22812;&#25705;&#22825;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yama Heaven, sometimes called the &amp;quot;heaven without fighting&amp;quot;, is the third of the Six Heavens of the Desire Realm ruled by Suyama. It is always illuminated so that there is no division of day and night. The beings of this world&nbsp;are 2,250 feet (690 m) tall and live for 2,000 years, or 144,000,000 human years with each day here 200 human years, according to Sarvastivada tradition. The height of this world is 160 yojanas above the Earth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22812;&#25705;&#22825;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28814;&#25705;&#22825;&#12289;&#28976;&#25705;&#22825;&#12289;&#22812;&#39764;&#22825;&#12289;&#38331;&#39764;&#22825;&#65292;&#24847;&#35695;&#28858;&#21892;&#26178;&#12289;&#21892;&#20998;&#65292;&#21448;&#35695;&#28858;&#38617;&#23376;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20845;&#27442;&#22825;&#30340;&#31532;&#19977;&#23652;&#22825;&#65292;160 &#30001;&#26092;&#39640;&#65292;&#30001;&#22812;&#25705;&#22825;&#29579;&#32113;&#29702;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22812;&#25705;&#22825;&#19968;&#26205;&#22812;&#21512;&#20154;&#38291; 200&#24180;&#65292;&#27492;&#22825;&#20154;&#22781;&#21629; 2000&#27506;&#65292;&#21512;&#20154;&#38291; 144,000,000&#24180;&#12290;&#22812;&#25705;&#22825;&#20154;&#36523;&#37327;&#28858; 3\/4&#20465;&#30439;&#33293;&#65292;&#30007;&#22899;&#30456;&#25265;&#28858;&#24958;&#65307;&#20114;&#22519;&#20841;&#25163;&#25104;&#28139;&#12290;&#21916;&#30456;&#25265;&#25345;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/yama-heaven\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/yama-heaven\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22812;&#25705;&#22825;<\/a>&#12289;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tushita Heaven&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &nbsp;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3921;&#3906;&#3936;&#3851;&#3939;&#4001;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ganden); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dga&amp;#039; ldan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Tusita;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tushita Heaven, Joyous Realm is one of the celestial heavens of the Six Heavens or pure lands of the Desire Realm where gods and bodhisattvas reside and presided over by Maitreya. Nirmanakaya buddhas descend to take birth in the world from Tushita.&nbsp;Buddha Shakyamuni resided here as bodhisattva Shvetaketu. Before he leave for earth, Shakyamuni placed his crown on bodhisattva Maitreya&amp;#039;s head. Maitreya will in turn takes birth as the future buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The beings of this world are 3,000 feet (910 m) tall and live for 4000 years or 576,000,000 human years (according to Sarvastivada tradition). The height of this world is 320 yojanas above the Earth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#12289;&#21916;&#27138;&#22825;&#65292;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#20845;&#27442;&#22825;&#20043;&#31532;&#22235;&#22825;&#65292;320 &#30001;&#26092;&#39640;&#65292;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#20841;&#38498;&#65292;&#22806;&#38498;&#26159;&#20961;&#22827;&#26524;&#22577;&#22825;&#23470;&#65292;&#20839;&#38498;&#26159;&#28136;&#22303;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#20462;&#21151;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#20415;&#19979;&#29983;&#20154;&#38291;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#26410;&#25104;&#20315;&#21069;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20839;&#38498;&#65292;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&#29694;&#23621;&#20839;&#38498;&#35498;&#27861;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#20043;&#28858;&#24396;&#21202;&#28136;&#22303;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#20154;&#36523;&#37327;&#28858;1&#20465;&#30439;&#33293;&#65292;&#20197;&#20154;&#38291; 400&#27506;&#28858;&#19968;&#26205;&#22812;&#65292;&#23450;&#22781; 4000&#27506;&#65292;&#26159;&#20154;&#38291; 576,000,000&#24180;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ganden Monastery&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29976;&#20025;&#23546; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22134;&#20025;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3936;&#3851;&#3939;&#4001;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; (ganden); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dga&amp;#039; ldan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ganden\/Gaden is one of the three great Gelug university monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ganden was founded by Tsongkhapa in 1409. It is located approximately 50 kilometers east of Lhasa.&nbsp;Ganden has been the seat of the Ganden Tripa, the Holder of the Golden Throne of Ganden and head of the Gelug Tradition.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ganden Monastery has two colleges, Jangtse and Shartse, meaning North Peak and East Peak respectively.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In India, Ganden Monastery was established in Mundgod in 1966.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29976;&#20025;&#23546;&#26159;&#26684;&#39791;&#25945;&#27966;&#30340;&#31062;&#23546;&#65292;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#26044;1409&#24180;&#31820;&#24314;&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&rdquo;&#65292;&#26159;&#26410;&#20358;&#20315;&#24396;&#21202;&#25152;&#25945;&#21270;&#30340;&#19990;&#30028;&#65292;&#33287;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#12289;&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;&#21512;&#31281;&#25289;&#34217;&#26684;&#40065;&#27966;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&rdquo;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tushita\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tushita\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;<\/a>&#12289;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirmanarati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21270;&#27138;&#22825;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirm&#257;&#7751;arati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirmanarati is the fifth of the Six Heavens of the Desire Realm. These devas are known as &amp;quot;delighting in their creations&amp;quot;. They are able to make any appearance to please themselves. The lord of this world is called Sunirmita. According to Sarvastivada tradition, the beings of this world are 3,750 feet (1,140 m) tall. They live for 8,000 years or 2,304,000,000 human years with each day here 800 human years. The height of this world is 640 yojanas above the Earth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21270;&#27138;&#22825;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#20845;&#27442;&#22825;&#30340;&#31532;&#20116;&#22825;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#38920;&#28037;&#34588;&#38464;&#12289;&#23612;&#25705;&#32645;&#22825;&#12289;&#32173;&#37027;&#32645;&#27877;&#22825;&#65292;&#25110;&#21270;&#22825;&#12289;&#21270;&#33258;&#27138;&#22825;&#12289;&#21270;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;&#12289;&#27138;&#35722;&#21270;&#22825;&#12289;&#21270;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;&#12289;&#19981;&#24973;&#27138;&#22825;&#12289;&#27138;&#28961;&#24930;&#22825;&#12289;&#28961;&#36002;&#39640;&#22825;&#12290;&#27492;&#22825;&#22825;&#20154;&#21916;&#27489;&#20197;&#35722;&#21270;&#31070;&#36890;&#21462;&#27138;&#32780;&#24471;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21270;&#27138;&#22825;&#19968;&#26205;&#22812;&#21512;&#20154;&#38291; 800&#24180;&#65292;&#27492;&#22825;&#20154;&#30340;&#22781;&#21629;&#28858;&#20843;&#21315;&#27506;&#65292;&#21512;&#20154;&#38291; 23&#20740;400&#33836;&#24180;&#12290;&#21270;&#27138;&#22825;&#20154;&#36523;&#38263; 1&#21448;1\/4&#20465;&#30439;&#33293;&#65292;&#36523;&#20855;&#20809;&#20142;&#12290;&#30007;&#22899;&#20114;&#30456;&#29087;&#35222;&#25110;&#30456;&#21521;&#32780;&#31505;&#21363;&#23436;&#25104;&#24773;&#24859;&#20043;&#20107;&#12290;&#26032;&#29983;&#22825;&#23376;&#33258;&#33181;&#19978;&#21270;&#29983;&#65292;&#29983;&#19979;&#21363;&#22914;&#20154;&#38291;&#21313;&#20108;&#27506;&#20043;&#23401;&#31461;&#19968;&#33324;&#22823;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/nirmanarati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/nirmanarati\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21270;&#27138;&#22825;<\/a>&#12289;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paranirmita Vasavartin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20182;&#21270;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3936;&#3925;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#3908;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzhan.&amp;#039;phrul dbang.byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pari-nirmita-va&#347;a-vartin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paranirmita Vasavartin is the top of the Six Heavens of the Desire Realm ruled by Vasavartin. These deva beings are known as &amp;quot;with power over (others&amp;#039;) creations&amp;quot;. They do not create pleasing forms that they desire for themselves, but their desires are fulfilled by the acts of other devas who wish for their favor. This world is also the home of the devaputra (being of divine race) called Mara, who endeavors to keep all beings of the Kamadhatu in the grip of sensual pleasures.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;According to Sarvastivada tradition, the beings of this world are 4,500 feet (1,400 m) tall and live for 16,000 years or 9,216,000,000 human years (1 day here is 1,600 human years). The height of this world is 1,280 yojanas above the Earth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#20845;&#27442;&#22825;&#30340;&#31532;&#20845;&#22825;&#65292;1280 &#30001;&#26092;&#39640;&#12290;&#31532;&#20845;&#22825;&#39764;&#29579;&#27874;&#26092;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#27492;&#22825;&#12290;&#27492;&#22825;&#20154;&#28961;&#38920;&#33258;&#24049;&#34892;&#27138;&#65292;&#32780;&#24859;&#19979;&#20961;&#21040;&#19990;&#38291;&#36938;&#25138;&#35722;&#21270;&#65292;&#20197;&#20182;&#20154;&#20043;&#27138;&#20107;&#32780;&#29234;&#33258;&#22312;&#65292;&#25925;&#26352;&#12300;&#20182;&#21270;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;&#12301;&#12290;&#20182;&#20497;&#28858;&#20102;&#33258;&#36523;&#26377;&#38263;&#20037;&#30340;&#24555;&#27138;&#20043;&#28304;&#27849;&#65292;&#20415;&#35201;&#20351;&#24471;&#19990;&#20154;&#37117;&#27785;&#28346;&#26044;&#27442;&#27138;&#12290;&#25818;&#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#25152;&#35498;&#65292;&#20182;&#21270;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#20182;&#20154;&#30340;&#23542;&#35997;&#21270;&#20570;&#33258;&#24049;&#36938;&#25138;&#32780;&#33258;&#22312;&#30340;&#22825;&#30028;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27492;&#22825;&#19968;&#26205;&#22812;&#28858;&#20154;&#38291;&#30340;&#19968;&#21315;&#20845;&#30334;&#24180;&#65292;&#27492;&#22825;&#20154;&#30340;&#22781;&#21629;&#28858;&#19968;&#33836;&#20845;&#21315;&#27506;&#65292;&#21512;&#20154;&#38291; 92&#20740;1600&#33836;&#24180;&#65307;&#36523;&#38263;1&#21448;1\/2&#20465;&#30439;&#33293;&#12290;&#30007;&#22899;&#24773;&#24859;&#20043;&#20107;&#26283;&#26178;&#30456;&#35222;&#21363;&#21487;&#23436;&#25104;&#65292;&#20294;&#32862;&#35486;&#32882;&#25110;&#32862;&#39321;&#27683;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#65292;&#19981;&#24453;&#30651;&#35222;&#12290;&#26032;&#29983;&#20818;&#22312;&#33181;&#19978;&#21270;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/paranirmita-vasavartin\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/paranirmita-vasavartin\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20182;&#21270;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;<\/a>) &#21450;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Realm&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#33394;&#30028;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (zuk kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupadhatu, Rupaloka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Form Realm is the second of Three Realms. Inhabitants in Form Realms have bodies of light due to the power of their meditations. They are beyond the desires for sex or food but they still have attachments to subtle forms of sensory objects. Form Realm has 16 (to 18 depending on school) heavens and is divided into four dhyana:\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;First dhyana or heavens, Paradise after earthly life.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Second dhyana, Paradise of cessation of rebirth.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Third dhyana, Land of wondrous joy after the previous joys.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Fourth dhyana, The Pure Land of abandonment of thought, or recollection of past delights.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;\n&#33394;&#30028;&#22825;&#20154;&#22240;&#31146;&#23450;&#21147;&#32780;&#24471;&#38750;&#29289;&#36074;&#22937;&#33394;&#20809;&#36523;&#12290;&#33394;&#30028;&#26159;&#19977;&#30028;&#20043;&#20108;&#65292;&#33394;&#30028;&#20998;&#22235;&#31146;&#22825;&#20877;&#20998;&#28858;&#21313;&#20845;&#33267;&#21313;&#20843;&#22825;:\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#21021;&#31146;&#22825;: &#38626;&#29983;&#21916;&#27138;&#22320;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20108;&#31146;&#22825;: &#23450;&#29983;&#21916;&#27138;&#22320;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#19977;&#31146;&#22825;: &#38626;&#21916;&#22937;&#27138;&#22320;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22235;&#31146;&#22825;: &#25448;&#24565;&#28152;&#28136;&#22320;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/form-realm\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/form-realm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33394;&#30028;<\/a>&#35576;&#22825;&#12289;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Formless Realm&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33394;&#30028;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (zuk may kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs mes khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Arupadhatu, Arupalok;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Formless Realm is the third of Three Realms. Beings born here have only a subtle form and are mostly absorbed in deep meditative states where the processes of thoughts and perception have ceased. They have no bodies and no environments. Formless Realm has four heavens:\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Akasanantyayatana, Heaven of boundless space;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vijnananantyayatana, Heaven of boundless knowledge;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Akincanyayatana, Heaven of nothing, or nonexistence&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Naivasanjnanasanjnayatana, the state of neither thinking nor not thinking&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;\n&#28961;&#33394;&#30028;&#26159;&#19977;&#30028;&#20043;&#19977;&#12290;&#28961;&#33394;&#30028;&#30526;&#29983;&#21069;&#29983;&#27515;&#26178;&#36914;&#20837;&#31146;&#23450;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#24819;&#33287;&#35672;&#36942;&#31243;&#30342;&#24687;&#28357;&#65292;&#25925;&#28961;&#33394;&#36523;&#20134;&#28961;&#25152;&#20381;&#22659;&#12290;&#22235;&#28961;&#33394;&#30028;&#21253;&#25324;:\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31354;&#28961;&#37002;&#34389;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#35672;&#28961;&#37002;&#34389;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28961;&#25152;&#26377;&#34389;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38750;&#24819;&#38750;&#38750;&#24819;&#34389;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/formless-realm\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/formless-realm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28961;&#33394;&#30028;<\/a>&#35576;&#22825;&#12290;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mount Meru; \u9808\u5f4c\u5c71 (\u5229\u62c9); Tibetan: \u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 (ri rab); Wylie: ri rab; Sanskrit: Sumeru;\u00a0 In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Sumeru is a square mountain at the center of the world.\u00a0 South face is made of gold, east made of crystal, south made of lapis lazuli and west\u00a0 made of ruby.\u00a0 It is surround by seven lakes and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[819,822,820],"glossary-tags":[821],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-85861","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","glossary-categories-buddhism-","glossary-categories-sanskrit-","glossary-categories-tibetan-","glossary-tags-buddhist-term-"],"post_title":"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56","post_content":"<p><strong>Mount Meru<\/strong>; <strong>\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71 <\/strong>(\u5229\u62c9)<strong>; <\/strong>Tibetan: <span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56<\/strong><\/span> (ri rab); Wylie: <strong>ri rab<\/strong>; Sanskrit: <strong>Sumeru<\/strong>;\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Sumeru is a square mountain at the center of the world.\u00a0 South face is made of gold, east made of crystal, south made of lapis lazuli and west\u00a0 made of ruby.\u00a0 It is surround by seven lakes and seven rings of gold mountains. There is an ocean with four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south) where Buddhism appears.\u00a0 Sun and moon move around Mount Sumeru.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\u70ba\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u795e\u5c71\uff0c\u5317\u9762\u5929\u91d1\u6240\u6210\uff0c\u6771\u9762\u5929\u9280\u6240\u6210\uff0c\u5357\u9762\u5929\u9752\u7409\u7483\u6240\u6210\uff0c\u897f\u9762\u9817\u68a8\u6c34\u6676\u6240\u6210\u6240\u6210\uff0c\u5927\u6d77\u5916\u6709\u56db\u5927\u90e8\u6d32: \u6771\u52dd\u795e\u6d32\u3001\u897f\u725b\u8cc0\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u8d0d\u90e8\u6d32\u548c\u5317\u4ff1\u76e7\u6d32\u3002\u65e5\u6708\u74b0\u7e5e\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\u904b\u884c\u3002<\/p>\r\n<p>\u963f\u4fee\u7f85\u4f4f\u5728\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\u5e95\uff0c\u56db\u5929\u738b\u5c45\u65bc\u5c71\u8179\uff0c\u5c71\u9802\u70ba\u5fc9\u5229\u5929\u773e\u795e\u4e4b\u738b\u5e1d\u91cb\u5929\u6240\u5c45\uff0c\u518d\u4e0a\u7a7a\u70ba\u56db\u6b32\u5929: (\u591c\u6469\u5929\u3001\u515c\u7387\u5929\u3001\u5316\u6a02\u5929\u3001\u4ed6\u5316\u81ea\u5728\u5929) \u53ca\u8272\u754c\u8af8\u5929\u3001\u7121\u8272\u754c\u8af8\u5929\u3002<\/p>\r\n","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mount Meru; \u9808\u5f4c\u5c71 (\u5229\u62c9); Tibetan: \u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 (ri rab); Wylie: ri rab; Sanskrit: Sumeru;\u00a0 In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Sumeru is a square mountain at the center of the world.\u00a0 South face is made of gold, east made of crystal, south made of lapis lazuli and west\u00a0 made of ruby.\u00a0 It is surround by seven lakes and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-09T20:37:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/sumeru\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/sumeru\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-27T00:47:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-09T20:37:43+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/sumeru\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/sumeru\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/sumeru\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche\",\"description\":\"Official Global Site of His Eminence Jangtse Choje Gosok Rinpoche\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Gosok Rinpoche\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/09\\\/kunphen-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/09\\\/kunphen-logo.jpg\",\"width\":312,\"height\":300,\"caption\":\"Gosok Rinpoche\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","og_description":"Mount Meru; \u9808\u5f4c\u5c71 (\u5229\u62c9); Tibetan: \u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 (ri rab); Wylie: ri rab; Sanskrit: Sumeru;\u00a0 In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Sumeru is a square mountain at the center of the world.\u00a0 South face is made of gold, east made of crystal, south made of lapis lazuli and west\u00a0 made of ruby.\u00a0 It is surround by seven lakes and [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/","og_site_name":"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","article_modified_time":"2024-12-09T20:37:43+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/","name":"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-08-27T00:47:50+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-09T20:37:43+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi-VN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sumeru\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0f62\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f56"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/","name":"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche","description":"Official Global Site of His Eminence Jangtse Choje Gosok Rinpoche","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"vi-VN"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/#organization","name":"Gosok Rinpoche","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi-VN","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/kunphen-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/kunphen-logo.jpg","width":312,"height":300,"caption":"Gosok Rinpoche"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/85861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/85861\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-categories?post=85861"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-tags?post=85861"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-languages?post=85861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}