{"id":85138,"date":"2024-08-26T20:44:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T00:44:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a1%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%81%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%a2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a6%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%84\/"},"modified":"2025-05-08T22:47:20","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T02:47:20","slug":"dhrtarastra","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/dhrtarastra\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#22825;&#29579;, &#21133;&#29748;&#20632;&#40845;, &#39080;&#35519;&#38632;&#38918;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Gyalchen De Shyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen sde bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Catur Maharaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings (Catur Maharaja) are the guardians of the universe. They live on the fourth level slopes of Mount Meru:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;East: Dhrtarastra &#26481;&#26041;&#25345;&#22283;&#22825;&#29579;(&#30333;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;South: Virudhaka &#21335;&#26041;&#22686;&#38263;&#22825;&#29579;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;HwtZe&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jCAhz ChMk0b&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;ryNqvb&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#34253;&#33394;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;West: Virupaksha &#35199;&#26041;&#24291;&#30446;&#22825;&#29579;(&#32005;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;North: Vaisravana &#21271;&#26041;&#22810;&#32862;&#22825;&#29579;(&#40643;&#32160;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThey each lead a legion of supernatural beings to protect dharma and practitioners. They are found at the entrance of many temples and monasteries.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Heavenly King<\/a> of the East<\/strong>; <strong>&#25345;&#22283;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great King&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#29579;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30342;&#21315;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(gyal chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MahaRaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22825;&#29579;<\/a>; <\/strong>Tibetan<strong>: <span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sensory Object&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24863;&#23448;&#20107;&#29289;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21451;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3956;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (yul); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yul&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a1%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a3\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a1%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a3\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3937;&#3956;&#3939;<\/a>&#3851;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Retinue, Companion, Assembly, Sphere, Circle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30519;&#23660;, &#38568;&#24478;, &#21516;&#20276;, &#29699;&#39636;, &#22291;&#22280;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25844;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Par&#7779;ad&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/retinue-3\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/retinue-3\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;<\/a>&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3956;&#3908; <\/span><\/strong>(Yulkhor Sung); <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration, designed by American Turrell V. Wylie in 1959, is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. It precisely transcribes Tibetan script as written but does not represent the modern pronunciation of Tibetan words.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&#26159;&#30001;&#29305;&#29790;&#29246;&middot;&#23041;&#21033;&#26044;1959&#24180;&#35373;&#35336;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#25991;&#36681;&#23531;&#31995;&#32113;, &#21482;&#29992;26&#20491;&#25289;&#19969;&#23383;&#27597;, &#20294;&#20006;&#19981;&#34920;&#29694;&#20195;&#34255;&#35486;&#30332;&#38899;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Wylie<\/a>: <strong>yul &lsquo;khor srung<\/strong>; <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit means &lsquo;polished&rsquo;. It is a language of ancient India, the primary language of Hindu and Mahayana Buddhism texts. It is more complex with larger vocabulary than Pali. It was spoken only in royal court by priests and intellectuals.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#35486;&#21360;&#27472;&#35486;&#31995;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#30340;&#35486;&#35328;&#20043;&#19968;, &#28858;&#19968;&#31278;&#23416;&#34899;&#21644;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23560;&#38272;&#29992;&#35486;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sanskrit\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sanskrit\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sanskrit<\/a>: <strong>Dh&#7771;tar&#257;&#7779;&#7789;ra<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<p>Dhr<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tara\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tara<\/a>stra (he who upholds the <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/buddha-field\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/a>) is the White <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#22825;&#29579;, &#21133;&#29748;&#20632;&#40845;, &#39080;&#35519;&#38632;&#38918;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Gyalchen De Shyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen sde bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Catur Maharaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings (Catur Maharaja) are the guardians of the universe. They live on the fourth level slopes of Mount Meru:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;East: Dhrtarastra &#26481;&#26041;&#25345;&#22283;&#22825;&#29579;(&#30333;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;South: Virudhaka &#21335;&#26041;&#22686;&#38263;&#22825;&#29579;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;HwtZe&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jCAhz ChMk0b&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;ryNqvb&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#34253;&#33394;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;West: Virupaksha &#35199;&#26041;&#24291;&#30446;&#22825;&#29579;(&#32005;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;North: Vaisravana &#21271;&#26041;&#22810;&#32862;&#22825;&#29579;(&#40643;&#32160;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThey each lead a legion of supernatural beings to protect dharma and practitioners. They are found at the entrance of many temples and monasteries.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Heavenly King<\/a> of the East, god of music holding a string instrument. He is the leader of <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gandharva, &nbsp;Scent eater&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39321;&#31070;, &#23563;&#39321;, &#20094;&#38373;&#23110;, &#39131;&#22825;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21513;&#27801;&#30342;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3935;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(dri zar che pe), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3935;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dri zar bcas pa, dri za&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gandharva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Gandharva, (Scent eater)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;one of Eight Legions (Astasena), are nature spirits with musical skills, often as celestial musicians dancers and singers in palaces of the gods. They are subjects of Dhrtaras&#7789;ra, Heavenly King of the east. they are noted for their ability to fly in the air. They live on scent odors.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20094;&#38373;&#23110;&#28304;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#65292;&#20315;&#25945;&#35695;&#28858;&#39131;&#22825;&#65292;&#26159;&#22825;&#30028;&#30340;&#27138;&#31070;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#19978;&#65292;&#20365;&#22857;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#65292;&#23563;&#39321;&#27683;&#28858;&#39135;&#65292;&#28858;&#22825;&#40845;&#20843;&#37096;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/gandharva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/gandharva\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Gandharva<\/a>, using music to convert beings to Buddhism.<\/p>\n<p>&#25345;&#22283;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great King&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#29579;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30342;&#21315;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(gyal chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MahaRaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22825;&#29579;<\/a>&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala, Khandro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21331;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3928;&#3905;&#3936;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khandro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkha&amp;#039; &amp;#039;gro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A Dharmapala (khandro) is a Dharma Protector in Buddhism. In Vajrayana, Dharmapalas are often depicted in fearsome appearance but are embodiments of compassion that act a wrathful way for the benefits of sentient beings. Their main function is to avert inner and outer obstacles that prevent Buddhist practitioners from attainment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25110;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#23565;&#25239;&#20839;&#22806;&#38556;&#31001;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/protector-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/protector-2\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35703;&#27861;<\/a>&#31070;&#65292;&#12300;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#22825;&#29579;, &#21133;&#29748;&#20632;&#40845;, &#39080;&#35519;&#38632;&#38918;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Gyalchen De Shyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen sde bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Catur Maharaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings (Catur Maharaja) are the guardians of the universe. They live on the fourth level slopes of Mount Meru:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;East: Dhrtarastra &#26481;&#26041;&#25345;&#22283;&#22825;&#29579;(&#30333;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;South: Virudhaka &#21335;&#26041;&#22686;&#38263;&#22825;&#29579;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;HwtZe&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jCAhz ChMk0b&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;ryNqvb&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#34253;&#33394;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;West: Virupaksha &#35199;&#26041;&#24291;&#30446;&#22825;&#29579;(&#32005;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;North: Vaisravana &#21271;&#26041;&#22810;&#32862;&#22825;&#29579;(&#40643;&#32160;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThey each lead a legion of supernatural beings to protect dharma and practitioners. They are found at the entrance of many temples and monasteries.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22235;&#22823;&#22825;&#29579;<\/a>&#12301;&#20043;&#19968;&#12289;&#29234;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gandharva, &nbsp;Scent eater&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39321;&#31070;, &#23563;&#39321;, &#20094;&#38373;&#23110;, &#39131;&#22825;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21513;&#27801;&#30342;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3935;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(dri zar che pe), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3935;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dri zar bcas pa, dri za&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gandharva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Gandharva, (Scent eater)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;one of Eight Legions (Astasena), are nature spirits with musical skills, often as celestial musicians dancers and singers in palaces of the gods. They are subjects of Dhrtaras&#7789;ra, Heavenly King of the east. they are noted for their ability to fly in the air. They live on scent odors.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20094;&#38373;&#23110;&#28304;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#65292;&#20315;&#25945;&#35695;&#28858;&#39131;&#22825;&#65292;&#26159;&#22825;&#30028;&#30340;&#27138;&#31070;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#19978;&#65292;&#20365;&#22857;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#65292;&#23563;&#39321;&#27683;&#28858;&#39135;&#65292;&#28858;&#22825;&#40845;&#20843;&#37096;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/gandharva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/gandharva\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20094;&#38373;&#23110;<\/a>&#29579;&#12289;&#20303;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mount Meru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21033;&#25289;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ri rab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ri rab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sumeru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Sumeru is a square mountain at the center of the world.&nbsp; South face is made of gold, east made of crystal, south made of lapis lazuli and west&nbsp; made of ruby.&nbsp; It is surround by seven lakes and seven rings of gold mountains. There is an ocean with four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south) where Buddhism appears.&nbsp; Sun and moon move around Mount Sumeru.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#28858;&#20315;&#25945;&#12289;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#30340;&#19990;&#30028;&#20013;&#24515;&#30340;&#31070;&#23665;&#65292;&#21271;&#38754;&#22825;&#37329;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#26481;&#38754;&#22825;&#37504;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#21335;&#38754;&#22825;&#38738;&#29705;&#29827;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#35199;&#38754;&#38935;&#26792;&#27700;&#26230;&#25152;&#25104;&#25152;&#25104;&#65292;&#22823;&#28023;&#22806;&#26377;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&#12290;&#26085;&#26376;&#29872;&#32350;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#36939;&#34892;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#24213;&#65292;&#22235;&#22825;&#29579;&#23621;&#26044;&#23665;&#33145;&#65292;&#23665;&#38914;&#28858;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#30526;&#31070;&#20043;&#29579;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#25152;&#23621;&#65292;&#20877;&#19978;&#31354;&#28858;&#22235;&#27442;&#22825;: (&#22812;&#25705;&#22825;&#12289;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#12289;&#21270;&#27138;&#22825;&#12289;&#20182;&#21270;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;) &#21450;&#33394;&#30028;&#35576;&#22825;&#12289;&#28961;&#33394;&#30028;&#35576;&#22825;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sumeru\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sumeru\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#38920;&#24396;<\/a>&#23665;&#30333;&#37504;&#22517;&#65292;&#36523;&#30333;&#33394;&#65292;&#25163;&#25345;&#29749;&#29750;&#65292;&#31359;&#30002;&#20881;&#65292;&#12302;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#22825;&#29579;, &#21133;&#29748;&#20632;&#40845;, &#39080;&#35519;&#38632;&#38918;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Gyalchen De Shyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen sde bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Catur Maharaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four Heavenly Kings (Catur Maharaja) are the guardians of the universe. They live on the fourth level slopes of Mount Meru:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;East: Dhrtarastra &#26481;&#26041;&#25345;&#22283;&#22825;&#29579;(&#30333;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;South: Virudhaka &#21335;&#26041;&#22686;&#38263;&#22825;&#29579;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;HwtZe&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jCAhz ChMk0b&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;ryNqvb&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#34253;&#33394;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;West: Virupaksha &#35199;&#26041;&#24291;&#30446;&#22825;&#29579;(&#32005;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;North: Vaisravana &#21271;&#26041;&#22810;&#32862;&#22825;&#29579;(&#40643;&#32160;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThey each lead a legion of supernatural beings to protect dharma and practitioners. They are found at the entrance of many temples and monasteries.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-heavenly-kings\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#39080;&#35519;&#38632;&#38918;<\/a>&#12303;&#20013;&#30340;&#12302;&#35519;&#12303;&#65292;&#36000;&#36012;&#23432;&#35703;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/four-continents\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;<\/a>&#65292;&#12290;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heavenly King of the East; \u6301\u570b\u5929\u738b; Tibetan: \u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 (Yulkhor Sung); Wylie: yul &#8216;khor srung; Sanskrit: Dh\u1e5btar\u0101\u1e63\u1e6dra; Dhrtarastra (he who upholds the realm) is the White Heavenly King of the East, god of music holding a string instrument. He is the leader of Gandharva, using music to convert beings to Buddhism. \u6301\u570b\u5929\u738b\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8b77\u6cd5\u795e\uff0c\u300c\u56db\u5927\u5929\u738b\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u7232\u4e7e\u95e5\u5a46\u738b\u3001\u4f4f\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\u767d\u9280\u57f5\uff0c\u8eab\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u7435\u7436\uff0c\u7a7f\u7532\u5191\uff0c\u300e\u98a8\u8abf\u96e8\u9806\u300f\u4e2d\u7684\u300e\u8abf\u300f\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u5b88\u8b77\u6771\u52dd\u795e\u6d32\uff0c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[819,822,820],"glossary-tags":[828],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-85138","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","glossary-categories-buddhism-","glossary-categories-sanskrit-","glossary-categories-tibetan-","glossary-tags-deity-"],"post_title":"\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44","post_content":"<strong>Heavenly King of the East<\/strong>; <strong>\u6301\u570b\u5929\u738b; <\/strong>Tibetan<strong>: <span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 <\/span><\/strong>(Yulkhor Sung); Wylie: <strong>yul 'khor srung<\/strong>; Sanskrit: <strong>Dh\u1e5btar\u0101\u1e63\u1e6dra<\/strong>;\r\n\r\nDhrtarastra (he who upholds the realm) is the White Heavenly King of the East, god of music holding a string instrument. He is the leader of Gandharva, using music to convert beings to Buddhism.\r\n\r\n\u6301\u570b\u5929\u738b\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8b77\u6cd5\u795e\uff0c\u300c\u56db\u5927\u5929\u738b\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u7232\u4e7e\u95e5\u5a46\u738b\u3001\u4f4f\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\u767d\u9280\u57f5\uff0c\u8eab\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u7435\u7436\uff0c\u7a7f\u7532\u5191\uff0c\u300e\u98a8\u8abf\u96e8\u9806\u300f\u4e2d\u7684\u300e\u8abf\u300f\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u5b88\u8b77\u6771\u52dd\u795e\u6d32\uff0c\u3002","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/dhrtarastra\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Heavenly King of the East; \u6301\u570b\u5929\u738b; Tibetan: \u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 (Yulkhor Sung); Wylie: yul &#8216;khor srung; Sanskrit: Dh\u1e5btar\u0101\u1e63\u1e6dra; Dhrtarastra (he who upholds the realm) is the White Heavenly King of the East, god of music holding a string instrument. He is the leader of Gandharva, using music to convert beings to Buddhism. \u6301\u570b\u5929\u738b\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8b77\u6cd5\u795e\uff0c\u300c\u56db\u5927\u5929\u738b\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u7232\u4e7e\u95e5\u5a46\u738b\u3001\u4f4f\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\u767d\u9280\u57f5\uff0c\u8eab\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u7435\u7436\uff0c\u7a7f\u7532\u5191\uff0c\u300e\u98a8\u8abf\u96e8\u9806\u300f\u4e2d\u7684\u300e\u8abf\u300f\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u5b88\u8b77\u6771\u52dd\u795e\u6d32\uff0c\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/dhrtarastra\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-09T02:47:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/dhrtarastra\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/dhrtarastra\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-27T00:44:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-09T02:47:20+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/dhrtarastra\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/dhrtarastra\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/glossary\\\/dhrtarastra\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche\",\"description\":\"Official Global Site of His Eminence Jangtse Choje Gosok Rinpoche\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Gosok Rinpoche\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/09\\\/kunphen-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/09\\\/kunphen-logo.jpg\",\"width\":312,\"height\":300,\"caption\":\"Gosok Rinpoche\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\\\/vi\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/dhrtarastra\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","og_description":"Heavenly King of the East; \u6301\u570b\u5929\u738b; Tibetan: \u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f44 (Yulkhor Sung); Wylie: yul &#8216;khor srung; Sanskrit: Dh\u1e5btar\u0101\u1e63\u1e6dra; Dhrtarastra (he who upholds the realm) is the White Heavenly King of the East, god of music holding a string instrument. 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