{"id":94897,"date":"2025-03-22T10:26:24","date_gmt":"2025-03-22T14:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/?p=94897"},"modified":"2025-03-23T23:47:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T03:47:46","slug":"toronto-events-2025-%e5%a4%9a%e5%80%ab%e5%a4%9a%e6%b3%95%e6%9c%83-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/toronto-events-2025-%e5%a4%9a%e5%80%ab%e5%a4%9a%e6%b3%95%e6%9c%83-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Toronto Events 2025 || \u591a\u502b\u591a\u6cd5\u6703 &#8211; 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"94897\" class=\"elementor elementor-94897\" 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data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ebefec elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3ebefec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7290c7\" data-id=\"f7290c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbfcde4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbfcde4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#22810;&#20523;&#22810;&#26524;&#30805;&#22823;&#24904;&#26222;&#21033;&#23546; - 2025 &#27861;&#26371;<br>\nKunphen Buddhist Centre Toronto 2025 Events<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dcc2b1 elementor-arrows-position-outside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"8dcc2b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"slides_to_show\":\"1\",\"navigation\":\"both\",\"autoplay\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_hover\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_interaction\":\"yes\",\"autoplay_speed\":5000,\"infinite\":\"yes\",\"effect\":\"slide\",\"speed\":500}' data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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960px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58411d8 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"58411d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"slides_to_show\":\"1\",\"navigation\":\"both\",\"autoplay\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_hover\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_interaction\":\"yes\",\"autoplay_speed\":5000,\"infinite\":\"yes\",\"effect\":\"slide\",\"speed\":500}' data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">&#36781;&#33290;&#36814;&#26032;&#26149;&#65281; &#36229;&#34214;&#24230;&#20129;&#21450;&#38500;&#38556;&#31048;&#31119;&#27861;&#26371;<\/h3><p>&#26085;&#26399;&#65306;2025&#24180;1&#26376;25\/26&#34399; &#36913;&#20845;\/&#36913;&#26085;&#12290; <br>&#26178;&#38291;&#65306;10:00AM &ndash; 4:00 PM<\/p><p>&#128073;&#127995;&#35531;&#27880;&#24847;&#21029;&#37679;&#36942;1&#26376;25&#26085; &#65288;&#26143;&#26399;&#20845;&#65289;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span>&#38500;&#38556;&#31048;&#31119;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#20107;&#23452;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Spiritual practice,  &#20462;&#27861;,  Tukdam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20462;&#27861;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dependent Origination, Dependent Arising, Interdependence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#28359;&#21746;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tendrel), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten &amp;#039;brel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten cing &amp;#039;brel bar &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;byung ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prat&#299;tyasamutp&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pratityasamutpada, Dependent arising is a key doctrine common to all schools of Buddhism: all things (inner and outer phenomena, dharmas and principles) arise in dependence upon other things.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215;&#26159;&#26997;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#27010;&#24565;: &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#28858;&#27861;&#37117;&#26159;&#22240;&#21508;&#31278;&#22240;&#32227;&#21644;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pratityasamutpada,  &#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;,  &#32227;&#36215;,  Dependent Origination,  Dependent Arising,  Interdependence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dependent-origination\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#32227;&#36215;<\/span>&#33287;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;<br>&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dependent Origination, Dependent Arising, Interdependence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#28359;&#21746;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tendrel), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten &amp;#039;brel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten cing &amp;#039;brel bar &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;byung ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prat&#299;tyasamutp&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pratityasamutpada, Dependent arising is a key doctrine common to all schools of Buddhism: all things (inner and outer phenomena, dharmas and principles) arise in dependence upon other things.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215;&#26159;&#26997;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#27010;&#24565;: &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#28858;&#27861;&#37117;&#26159;&#22240;&#21508;&#31278;&#22240;&#32227;&#21644;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pratityasamutpada,  &#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;,  &#32227;&#36215;,  Dependent Origination,  Dependent Arising,  Interdependence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dependent-origination\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#32227;&#36215;<\/span>&#65306;<br>&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, Shakra; &#24093;&#37323;&#22825;, &#24093;&#37322;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gyachin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya byin, brgya sbyin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, &#346;akra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Hinduism, Indra is the king of gods residing in Amaravati, with thousand eyes on his body, holding a vajra and riding on a white elephant.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Indra is a Dharma protector who resides above Mount Meru (Sumeru), in Trayastrimsha (Thirty-Three Heaven). He was one of two gods&nbsp; (the other was Bhrama) to request Buddha to turn the wheel of dharma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#20043;&#20027;&#65292;&#36523;&#26377;&#21315;&#30524;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#38914;&#65292;&#24231;&#39438;&#28858;&#20845;&#29273;&#30333;&#35937;&#65292;&#32147;&#24120;&#29575;&#38936;&#22825;&#20154;&#33287;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#25136;&#39717;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#30340;&#31070;&#26126;&#12290;&#26366;&#32147;&#22312;&#20315;&#20311;&#25104;&#36947;&#24460;&#35531;&#20315;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#30340;&#22825;&#31070;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#20491;&#26159;&#26805;&#22825;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24093;&#37323;,  Shakra,  Indra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/indra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24093;&#37323;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great King&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#29579;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30342;&#21315;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(gyal chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MahaRaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22825;&#29579;,  MahaRaja&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22825;&#29579;<\/span>&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26989;&#21147;<\/span>&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#39764;<\/span>&#65288;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods; &#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha&amp;#039;i bu&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;devaputra mara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods (devaputra mara) is one of four maras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;,  Mara of sons of gods,  Devaputra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-sons-of-gods\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions, Klesamara; &#29033;&#24817;&#39764; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs kyi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kle&#347;am&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions is one of four maras,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;,  Mara of destructive emotions&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/klesamara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates; &#34314;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skandham&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;&#25351;&#30526;&#29983;&#20116;&#34314;(&#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672;)&#27083;&#25104;&#30340;&#38556;&#23475;&#65292;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21448;&#20316;&#38512;&#39764;&#12289;&#20116;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#38512;&#30028;&#20837;&#39764;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates, one of four maras, refers to our clinging to forms, perceptions, and mental states as &lsquo;real&rsquo;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara of aggregates,  &#34314;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-aggregates\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34314;&#39764;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of Death; &#27515;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3910;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;chi bdag gi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#7771;tyum&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of Death, one of four maras, cuts short precious human life and spiritual practice. It symbolizes our fear of change and impermanence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27515;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20013;&#26039;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27515;&#39764;,   Mara of Death&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-death\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27515;&#39764;<\/span>&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samadhi, Meditative Absorption, One-Pointed Meditation&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;, &#31146;&#23450; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#19969;&#20839;&#20170; \/ &#38651;&#22686;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3919;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3908;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ting nge dzin), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3919;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ting dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ting nge &amp;#039;dzin, ting &amp;#039;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samadhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samadhi, meditative absorption or one-pointed meditation, is the highest perfect concentration state of mind. The mind is concentrated on a single object and gradually calmed until the distinction between the object and the meditator disappears. This is the realization of non-dualism. Samadhi is one of five object-determining mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;&#26159;&#26159;&#31146;&#20462;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#23560;&#27880;&#26044;&#21934;&#19968;&#23565;&#22659;&#32780;&#19988;&#28472;&#19981;&#25955;&#20098;&#65292;&#23436;&#20840;&#27887;&#38500;&#23565;&#22659;&#33287;&#31146;&#20462;&#32773;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#35657;&#24471;&#19981;&#20108;&#12290;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;&#26159;&#20116;&#21029;&#22659;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;,  Samadhi, &#31146;&#23450;,  &#3919;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samadhi\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31146;&#23450;<\/span>&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22727;&#22478;<\/span>&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#39764;<\/span>&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20379;&#39178;<\/span>&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods; &#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha&amp;#039;i bu&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;devaputra mara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods (devaputra mara) is one of four maras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;,  Mara of sons of gods,  Devaputra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-sons-of-gods\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Torma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26421;&#29802;, &#39135;&#23376;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(torma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gtor ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Balingha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Torma is a offering cake made from barley flour (tsampa), butter, coloured dyes and other ingredients such as egg, milk, cheese, sugar, honey. Tormas are used in many Tibetan Buddhism rituals such as:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;on a shrine to represent deities&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as offering tormas for deities, dharmapala, or obstructing spirits&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;consumed by practitioners&nbsp;in feast practices and as offering to lower beings after being blessed&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;to remove obstacles and&nbsp;obstructing spirits as part of a ritual&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as medicinal torma to extract illness and obstacles from patients and then cast away.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#26421;&#29802;, &#39135;&#23376;&#26159;&#29992;&#22823;&#40613;&#22902;&#27833;&#21644;&#31958;&#31561;&#35069;&#20316;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20736;&#24335;&#29289;&#21697;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&#26412;&#23562;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#35937;&#24501;&#38500;&#21435;&#38556;&#31001;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20316;&#28858;&#39135;&#29992;&#21450;&#34277;&#29992;&#39135;&#23376;&#25110;&#20379;&#39178;&#19979;&#31561;&#30526;&#29983;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Torma,  &#26421;&#29802;,  &#39135;&#23376;,  Balingha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/torma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#39135;&#23376;<\/span>&#65307;&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates; &#34314;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skandham&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;&#25351;&#30526;&#29983;&#20116;&#34314;(&#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672;)&#27083;&#25104;&#30340;&#38556;&#23475;&#65292;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21448;&#20316;&#38512;&#39764;&#12289;&#20116;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#38512;&#30028;&#20837;&#39764;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates, one of four maras, refers to our clinging to forms, perceptions, and mental states as &lsquo;real&rsquo;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara of aggregates,  &#34314;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-aggregates\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34314;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tsa tsa; &#25830;&#25830;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3929;&#3851;&#3929;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tsa tsa);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tsa tsa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;satch&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tsa tsa is a tablet or icon of a deity or lineage master made from clay.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25830;&#25830;&#26159;&#20379;&#22857;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#20659;&#25215;&#22823;&#24107;&#30340;&#27877;&#29256;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tsa tsa,  &#25830;&#25830;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%99%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%99\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25830;&#25830;<\/span>(<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stupa, Chorten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#22612;, &#21330;&#22612;&#23110;, &#33293;&#21033;&#22612;, &#28014;&#23648;&#22612;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(choe ten); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod rten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A stupa (chorten) is a Buddhist shrine with mount like&nbsp; central structure containing statues and\/or relics of Buddha or great bodhisattvas. Usually,&nbsp; there is a surrounding terraces or circumambulation path around the shrine.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20315;&#22612;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#24314;&#31689;&#65292;&#20013;&#22830;&#20984;&#36215;&#30340;&#32854;&#22612;&#20379;&#22857;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#25110;&#25110;&#22823;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#33293;&#21033;&#25110;&#36986;&#29289;&#12290;&#21608;&#22285;&#26377;&#19968;&#36899;&#20018;&#38542;&#26799;&#25110;&#32350;&#24465;&#21253;&#22285;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Stupa,  &#20315;&#22612;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/stupa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#22612;<\/span>)&#65307;&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions, Klesamara; &#29033;&#24817;&#39764; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs kyi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kle&#347;am&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions is one of four maras,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;,  Mara of destructive emotions&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/klesamara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of Death; &#27515;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3910;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;chi bdag gi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#7771;tyum&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of Death, one of four maras, cuts short precious human life and spiritual practice. It symbolizes our fear of change and impermanence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27515;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20013;&#26039;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27515;&#39764;,   Mara of Death&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-death\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27515;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290; &#27492;&#21363;&#12300;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span>&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;<br>&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nagarjuna,  &#40845;&#27193;,  &#40845;&#29467;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#40845;&#29467;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nagarjuna,  &#40845;&#27193;,  &#40845;&#29467;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#40845;&#29467;<\/span>&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pandita, Learned one; &#23416;&#32773;, &#29677;&#26234;&#36948; (&#20811;&#24052;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3905;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkhas pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pandita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pandita is a scholar who has mastered the five sciences in Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#26159;&#23416;&#35672;&#28149;&#21338;&#31934;&#36890;&#20116;&#26126;&#30340;&#22823;&#23416;&#32773;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pandita,  &#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/pandita\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;<\/span>&#21450;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3926;&#3853;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (druptop);&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Siddha is an accomplished Buddhist practitioner.\n&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20491;&#26377;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#20315;&#36947;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;,  Siddha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/siddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;<\/span>&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lotsawa, Translator&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35695;&#24107;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#32645;&#26413;&#29926;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3929;&#3953;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Lotsawa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lo tsA ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lotsawa is a title for a Tibetan translator. Famous lotsawas in history include:&nbsp;Rinchen Zangpo and Marpa Lotsawa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35695;&#24107;&#26159;&#25351;&#20855;&#20633;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#39511;&#30340;&#32147;&#35542;&#32763;&#35695;&#32773;&#65292;&#33879;&#21517;&#30340;&#26377;: &#20161;&#27453;&#26705;&#24067;&#65292;&#39340;&#29246;&#24052;&#35695;&#24107;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Translator,  Lotsawa,  &#35695;&#24107;,  &#32645;&#26413;&#29926;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lotsawa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35695;&#24107;<\/span>&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;,  &#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;,  &#21895;&#22043;&#25945;,  Tibetan Buddhism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Element, Realm&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#31278;, &#22235;&#22823;, &#20116;&#22823;, &#20845;&#22823;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhatu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In Buddhism, all matters are made up from four basic elements: earth, water, fire and air. Space (ether) and consciousness are sometimes included as the fifth and sixth elements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#26159;&#27083;&#25104;&#19990;&#30028;&#29289;&#36074;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#20803;&#32032;: &#22320;&#12289;&#27700;&#12289;&#28779;&#12289;&#39080;&#12290;&#21152;&#19978;&amp;quot;&#34395;&#31354;&amp;quot;&#25104;&#20116;&#22823;&#12290;&#21152;&#19978;&amp;quot;&#35672;&amp;quot;&#25104;&#20845;&#22823;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kham; &#24247;&#21312;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24247;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kham is one of the three traditional regions of Tibet, the others being Amdo in the northeast, and &Uuml;-Tsang in central Tibet.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24247;&#21312;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#19977;&#22823;&#20659;&#32113;&#22320;&#21312;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;(&#20854;&#20182;&#26159;&#34907;&#34255;&#21450;&#23433;&#22810;)&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22823;&#31278;,  &#22235;&#22823;,  &#20845;&#22823;,  Dhatu&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dhatu\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#22823;<\/span> &#25945;&#27966;&#12290; <br>&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#20854;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;<br>&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Two obscurations&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20108;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21363;&#27877;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3954;&#3926;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3954;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(drip nyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrib gnyis&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Two obscurations,  &#20108;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/two-obscurations\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20108;&#38556;<\/span>&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five kasaya; &#20116;&#28609;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;..&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; ();&nbsp; Wylie: ; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pa&ntilde;ca kas&#257;y&#257;h&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20116;&#28609;&#25351;&#20116;&#31278;&#19981;&#28136;&#20043;&#27861;: Five kasaya periods of Chaos and decay:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21163;&#28609;, kalpa kasaya, degeneration of age (wars and natural calamities frequently take place)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35211;&#28609;, drsti kasaya, degeneration of views (wrong and perverse thoughts and ideas become predominant)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#28609;, klesa kasaya, degeneration of moral conduct&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30526;&#29983;&#28609;, sattva kasaya, degeneration of condition of human being (people are mostly in a sorrowful condition)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21629;&#28609;, ayu kasaya, degeneration of life span&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20116;&#28609;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/five-kasaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20116;&#28609;<\/span>&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span>&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26989;&#38556;<\/span>&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ritual; &#20736;&#36556;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31179;&#32102;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3851;&#3906;&#3936;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho gey);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;cho ga&amp;#039;i&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20736;&#36556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%b2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20736;&#36556;<\/span>&#22914;&#27861;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Confess&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25082;&#24724; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22799;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(shag pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bshags pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25082;&#24724;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/confess\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25082;&#24724;<\/span>&#32618;&#22702;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26989;&#38556;<\/span>&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ten directions&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#26041; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31179;&#20037;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#4017;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chok chu); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phyogs bcu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dashadika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ten directions are the four cardinal directions (east, south, west, north), their intermediate directions (southeast, southwest, northwest, northeast), plus up and down.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21313;&#26041;&#26159;&#22235;&#22522;&#26412;&#26041;&#20301;(&#26481;&#12289;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#12289;&#21271;&#65289;&#65292;&#22235;&#20013;&#38291;&#26041;&#20301;&#65288;&#26481;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#21271;&#12289;&#26481;&#21271;&#65289;&#65292;&#21450;&#19978;&#19979;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21313;&#26041;,  Dashadika,  Ten directions&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%95%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%b4\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#21313;&#26041;<\/span>&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dakini, Khandroma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#33660;&#21513;&#23612;, &#24247;&#21331;&#29802;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3905;&#3936;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khandroma), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3916;&#3953;&#3851;&#3904;&#3954;&#3851;&#3923;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dakini); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkha&amp;#039; &amp;#039;gro ma, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;DA ki nI&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#7692;&#257;kin&#299;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Khandroma or Dakini (sky goer) is a female (human yogini or manifestation of an enlightened mind) who has attained high realization, embodiment of enlightened energy. In Tibetan, khandroma means &amp;quot;sky dancer&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;she who moves in space or sky&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a dakini sometimes appear as consort of a deity to help practitioners attain blissful awareness of emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Khandroma&nbsp;is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597;&#26159;&#35657;&#24471;&#39640;&#24230;&#35258;&#24735;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#29788;&#20285;&#22899;&#25110;&#38750;&#20154;&#39006;&#12290;&#34255;&#35486;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#22825;&#31354;&#33310;&#32773;&rdquo;&#12290; &amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20013;&#65292;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597;&#26377;&#26178;&#26371;&#20197;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#20986;&#29694;&#65292;&#20197;&#24171;&#21161;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#35657;&#24735;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24247;&#21331;&#29802;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Dakini,  Khandroma,  &#31354;&#34892;,  &#33660;&#21513;&#23612;,  &#24247;&#21331;&#29802;,   &#3916;&#3953;&#3851;&#3904;&#3954;&#3851;&#3923;&#3953;&#3954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dakini\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31354;&#34892;<\/span>&#12289; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala, Khandro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21331;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3928;&#3905;&#3936;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khandro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkha&amp;#039; &amp;#039;gro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A Dharmapala (khandro) is a Dharma Protector in Buddhism. In Vajrayana, Dharmapalas are often depicted in fearsome appearance but are embodiments of compassion that act a wrathful way for the benefits of sentient beings. Their main function is to avert inner and outer obstacles that prevent Buddhist practitioners from attainment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25110;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#23565;&#25239;&#20839;&#22806;&#38556;&#31001;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35703;&#27861;,  &#24247;&#21331;,  Dharmapala,  Khandro,  Protector&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/protector-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35703;&#27861;<\/span>&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Six Classes of Beings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#4018;&#3956;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rik druk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rigs drug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sadgati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;According to Buddhist cosmology, all beings exist in six realms. The Six Classes of Beings (sadgati) are:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;gods (deva) &#22825;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;demi-gods (asura) &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;human beings (manusya) &#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;animals (tiryag) &#30044;&#29983;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hungry ghosts (preta) &#39187;&#39740;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hell beings (naraka) &#22320;&#29508;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe first 3 belong to the upper realms and the bottom 3 belong to lower realms.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Beings in all six realms exist in samsara, cycle continually through birth and death until attain nirvana. The type of rebirth of a being is determined by karma, actions in the current and previous lives.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sadgati,  &#20845;&#36947;,  Six Realms,  Six Classes of Beings&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sadgati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20845;&#36947;<\/span>&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#39764;<\/span>&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21650;<\/span>&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span>&#38500;&#38556;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#65307;&#26368;&#22823;&#21033;&#30410;&#21270;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#21443;&#21152;&#65292;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#19981;&#21487;&#24605;&#35696;&#65292;&#21443;&#21152;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#35531;&#21508;&#33258;&#38928;&#20633;<br>&#12304;1&#12305;&#35531;&#20197;&#20491;&#20154;&#28858;&#21934;&#20301;&#65292;&#21098;&#19979;&#23569;&#35377;&#65306;&#25351;&#30002;&#23633;, &#38957;&#39662;, &#19968;&#23567;&#29255;&#36028;&#36523;&#24179;&#26178;&#24120;&#31359;&#30340;&#34915;&#26381;&#19968;&#35282;&#65292;&#21152;&#30828;&#24163;&#19968;&#26522;&#19968;&#36215;&#35037;&#20837;&#19968;&#20491;&#32005;&#33394;&#25110;&#30333;&#33394;&#32025;&#34955;&#65292;&#20999;&#21247;&#29992;&#22846;&#23376;&#34955;&#65288;&#20999;&#21247; &#29992;&#23494;&#23553;&#22609;&#33184;&#34955;&#65289;<br>&#12304;2&#12305;&#32025;&#34955;&#23553;&#38754;&#35531;&#23531;&#19978;&#22995;&#21517;&#65292;&#24180;&#27506;&#65292;&#29983;&#32918;&#12290;<br>&#12304;3&#12305;&#30070;&#26085;&#24118;&#21040;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#30340;&#38500;&#38556;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>&#128073;&#127995;&#35531;&#21029;&#37679;&#36942;1&#26376;26&#26085; &#26143;&#26399;&#26085;&#33289;&#36774;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;<\/span>&#36229;&#34214;&#24230;&#20129;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-055fa71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"055fa71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Chinese-New-Year-puja-2025-chn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-94907\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Chinese-New-Year-puja-2025-chn.jpg 905w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Chinese-New-Year-puja-2025-chn-768x1086.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c73e4a2 ChnTTT elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c73e4a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">2025&#24180;&#26032;&#26149;&#20339;&#31680;&#27861;&#35338;<\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">&#12304;&#32854;&#25937;&#24230;&#27597;&#22235;&#20379;&#26364;&#36948; &#12305;&#26032;&#26149;&#32858;&#31119;&#21892;&#32227;&#28415;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;<\/h3><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span>&#26159;&#24904;&#24754; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avalokiteshvara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#38291;&#29105;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4017;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3935;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(chenrezig); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;spyan ras gzigs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avalokitesvara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Avalokiteshvara is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#30340;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#32780;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29645;&#23542;&mdash;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#37325;&#35201;&#22522;&#30990;&#65292;&#30070;&#34892;&#32773;&#26178;&#24120;&#25014;&#24565;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#23559;&#33258;&#24515;&#30340;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#26989;&#38556;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#29554;&#24471;&#21916;&#24709;&#33287;&#24179;&#38748;&#65292;&#33509;&#33021;&#20197;&#27492;&#21205;&#27231;&#35264;&#20462;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#26412;&#23562;&#21450;&#25345;&#35494;&#24515;&#21650;&#65292;&#26356;&#33021;&#24863;&#24471;&#26412;&#23562;&#25885;&#21463;&#21152;&#25345;&#65292;&#26893;&#19979;&#25237;&#29983;&#26997;&#27138;&#28136;&#22303;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#22240;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35264;&#33258;&#22312;,  &#35264;&#19990;&#38899;,  &#35264;&#38899;,  &#38291;&#29105;&#35199;,  Avalokiteshvara,  Guanyin,  Chenrezig&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/avalokiteshvara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Tulku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#25033;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31062;&#21476;\/&#31062;&#35997;&#24601;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tul ku), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (trulpe ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sprul sku, sprul pa&amp;#039;i sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirm&#257;&#7751;ak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Emanation body, is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Nirmanakaya is the manifestation (appearance) of enlightenment in the physical world in various forms for the benefits of sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Tibetan word, Tulku, also refers to a reincarnated lama. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Tr&uuml;lku, Trulku.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#28858;&#24230;&#21270;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#39023;&#29694;&#19990;&#38291;&#30340;&#33394;&#36523;&#12289;&#32905;&#36523;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27963;&#20315;(&#31062;&#21476;)&#26159;&#20961;&#22827;&#33021;&#35211;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#21270;&#29694;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nirmanakaya,  Emanation Body,  &#21270;&#36523;,  Tulku,  &#27963;&#20315;,  &#31062;&#21476;,  &#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tulku\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#21270;&#36523;<\/span>&#65292;&#25937;&#24230;&#30526;&#29983;&#28961;&#27604;&#22320;&#36805;&#36895;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Activities&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#31278;&#20107;&#26989;: &#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le shyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a practitioner visualizes, in the form of a deity, four enlightening activities of a Buddha for the benefit of all beings:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;pacifying conflicts, illness, famine and clear away obstacles and defilements (white in colour) &#24687;&#28797;(&#30333;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;increasing merits and longevity (yellow in colour) &#22686;&#38263;(&#40643;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;magnetizing the three realms (red in colour) &#25079;&#24859;(&#32005;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;subjugating hostile and harmful forces (blue in colour) &#35461;&#38500;(&#34253;&#33394;)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#22235;&#31278;&#20107;&#26989;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20013;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#20197;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#35264;&#24819;&#20315;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#35258;&#24735;&#27963;&#21205;&#65292;&#20197;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Activities,  &#22235;&#31278;&#20107;&#26989;,  &#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-activities\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;<\/span>&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span>&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#21152;&#25345;<\/span>&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#36786;&#26310;&#26032;&#24180;&#22823;&#24180;&#21021;&#19968;&#12290; &#35199;&#26310;1&#26376;29&#34399;&#65288; &#26143;&#26399;&#19977; &#65289;<br>&#26089;&#19978;9:00 AM &ndash; 4:00 PM&#12290; &#20027;&#20462;&#32854;&#25937;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span>&#22235;&#20379;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26364;&#36948;<\/span>&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#21521;&#32854;&#25937;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span>&#31048;&#35531;&#24179;&#24687;&#38556;&#23475;&#65292;&#24179;&#23433;&#38918;&#21033;&#20845;&#26178;&#21513;&#31077;&#65281;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Atisa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3944;&#3851;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3940; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(atisha),&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3911;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(joboje);&nbsp;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jo bo rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ati&#347;a D&#299;pankara Srijnana (982&ndash;1054), one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters was a Indian Buddhist master who spread Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism Sumatra and Tibet. He was the founder of Kadampa School in Tibet. His most influential work was Bodhipathaprad&#299;pa, or Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805; (982-1054) &#27861;&#34399;&#29123;&#29128;&#21513;&#31077;&#26234;&#65292;&#21360;&#24230;&#23391;&#21152;&#25289;&#21335;&#37096;&#29579;&#26063;&#65292;&#23565;&#35199;&#34255;&#24460;&#24344;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#36002;&#29563;&#26368;&#22823;&#30340;&#39640;&#20711;&#65292;&#25972;&#38931;&#25106;&#24459;&#65292;&#24314;&#31435;&#22134;&#30070;&#27966;&#65292;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;,&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#38627;&#34389;&#37323;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Atisa,  &#3911;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;,  &#38463;&#24213;&#23805;,  &#29123;&#29128;&#21513;&#31077;&#26234;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/atisa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;<\/span>&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span>&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;<br>&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;<br>&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;<br>&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;<br>&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;<br>&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Spiritual practice,  &#20462;&#27861;,  Tukdam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20462;&#27861;<\/span>&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span>&#24904;&#24754;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#35488;&#24515;&#31048;&#35531; &#65292;&#21892;&#39000;&#24517;&#23450;&#33021;&#25104;&#65281;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Incomparable, Unequaled; &#28961;&#31561;, &#28961;&#27604;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&#37312;&#32654;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#3928;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nyam me); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mnyam med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#31561;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/incomparable\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28961;&#31561;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jangtsey Chojey;&nbsp; &#21271;&#38914;&#27861;&#29579; (&#34083;&#21746;&#26354;&#20625;);&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#4009;&#3962;&#3851;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Jangtsey Chojey)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang rtse chos rje;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Jangtsey Chojey (&amp;quot;Dharma Master of the Northern Peak of Ganden Hill&amp;quot;) is one of two abbots of Ganden Monastery.&nbsp; Jangtsey Chojey and Sharpa Chojey are appointed to the Ganden Tripa, the throne holder of Ganden Monastery, on an alternating basis.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Jangtsey Chojey is a former Abbot of the Gyume Tantric college.&nbsp; The post is appointed on merit alone through the ranks:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Obtain a Tsorampa or Lharampa Geshe degree from a Gelugpa monastery.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Obtain a Ngagrampa Geshe degree from a Tantric College.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Rise on merit to become a Geko or disciplinarian of the Gyume Tantric College.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Become vice-abbot of the College.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Become Abbot (3 year tenure) of the College.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#34083;&#21746;&#26354;&#20625;(&#21271;&#38914;&#27861;&#29579;) &#28858;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#26368;&#36039;&#28145;&#30340;&#19979;&#23494;&#38498;&#21368;&#20219;&#26041;&#19976;&#22570;&#24067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26681;&#25818;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#20659;&#32113;&#65292;&#34083;&#21746;&#26354;&#20625;&#33287;&#22799;&#24052;&#26354;&#20625;&#20841;&#20491;&#27861;&#24231;&#30340;&#25345;&#26377;&#32773;&#65292;&#23559;&#26371;&#20998;&#21029;&#36650;&#27969;&#25812;&#20219;&#29976;&#20025;&#36196;&#24052;&#20043;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21271;&#38914;&#27861;&#29579;, &#34083;&#21746;&#26354;&#20625;, Jangtse Choejey, Jangtsey Chojey&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/jangtsey-chojey\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34083;&#21746;&#26354;&#20625;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kyabje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027;, &#23562;&#32773;, &#30344;&#20381;&#20027; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22025;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab je)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;: skyabs rje&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyabje is a mark of respect reserved for the senior most lamas whose realization and powers are extraordinary. The term means lord (je, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;) of refuge (kyab, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;), signifying someone who, on account of his or her extraordinary realization, has the capacity to protect us from the suffering of samsara and its causes, the disturbing emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027; \/ &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&nbsp; &#26159;&#23565;&#35657;&#24735;&#33021;&#21147;&#38750;&#20961;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#23562;&#31281;, &#20182;&#26377;&#33021;&#21147;&#20445;&#35703;&#25105;&#20497;&#20813;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#21450;&#20854;&#25104;&#22240; (&#29033;&#24817;&#24773;&#32210;) &#25152;&#24118;&#20358;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab, &#22025;) &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(je, &#20625;) &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kyabje,  &#24601;&#20027;,  &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kyabje\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24601;&#20027;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26524;&#30889;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#26032;&#24180;&#23565;&#24351;&#23376;&#20497;&#38283;&#31034;&#20197;&#21450;&#24351;&#23376;&#21521;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#25308;&#24180;<br>&#65288;&#26089;&#19978; 9:00 AM)<br>&#35531;&#22823;&#23478;&#25552;&#26089; 15&#20998;&#37912;&#21040;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#24685;&#36814;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>&#32854;&#25937;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span>&#22235;&#20379;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26364;&#36948;<\/span><br>&#12298;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wish&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Fulfilling&amp;lt;\/b&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22914;&#24847;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20234;&#26032;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (yi shine); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yid bzhin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22914;&#24847;,  Wish Fulfilling&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%9e%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22914;&#24847;<\/span>&#29645;&#23542;&#12299; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span><br>10:00 AM &ndash; 4:00 PM<\/p><p>&#20013;&#21320;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#33289;&#34892;&#24950;&#31069;&#26032;&#26149;&#32032;&#39135;&#28779;&#37707;&#32858;&#39184;&#65292;&#33287;&#26371;&#32080;&#32227;&#65292;&#27489;&#36814;&#22823;&#23478;&#36404;&#36493;&#20986;&#24109;<\/p><p>&#22577;&#21517;&#36899;&#32080;<br>https:\/\/forms.gle\/65fREA7aW9RX5veB7<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Auspicious goodness, Good luck&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31069;&#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3904;&#4018;&#3851;&#3940;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tashi delek); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bkra shis bde legs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;,  &#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;,  Auspicious&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/auspicious-3\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;<\/span>&#65281;<br>&#21152;&#25343;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26524;&#30889;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;TseChen, Most Loving; &#22823;&#24904;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23388;&#27453;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3962;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tse chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtse chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22823;&#24904;,  TseChen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#24904;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26222;&#21033;<\/span>&#23546;&#25964;&#21855;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2843a5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2843a5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-384d04f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"384d04f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/KBC-25-02-chn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-94785\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/KBC-25-02-chn.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/KBC-25-02-chn-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd74968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bd74968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Medicine-puja-25-02-17-e1739803601701.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-94788\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Medicine-puja-25-02-17-e1739803601701.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Medicine-puja-25-02-17-e1739803601701-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46d6ae7 ChnTTT elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46d6ae7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#28040;&#28797;&#24310;&#22781;&#31048;&#31119;&#27861;&#26371;<br>&#38263;&#36913;&#26411;&#36913;&#19968; 2&#26376;17&#26085;<\/h3><p style=\"text-align: center;\">10:00 AM &ndash; 4:00 PM<br><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#25552;&#20379;&#32032;&#39135;&#21320;&#39184;<\/p><p>&#35531;&#22635;&#23531;&#19979;&#38754;&#30340;&#34920;&#26684;&#22577;&#21517;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26041;&#20415;,  Skillful means, Upaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26041;&#20415;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#32113;&#35336;&#21320;&#39184;&#20154;&#25976;&#12290;<br>&#36106;&#21161;&#21151;&#24503;&#37329;&#38989;&#27489;&#36814;&#33258;&#34892;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rejoice&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38568;&#21916; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#34311; &#20234;&#35731;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(jesu yi rang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rjes su yi rang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Rejoice,  &#38568;&#21916;  &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rejoice\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#38568;&#21916;<\/span><br>&#35531;&#36681;&#36076;&#21040;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#37109;&#20214;&#65306;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">kunphen<\/span>.canada@gmail.com<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\">&#28976;&#32178;&#33674;&#22196;&#29705;&#29827;&#20809;&nbsp; &#21313;&#20108;&#22823;&#39000;&#22937;&#38627;&#37327;<br><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tathagata, Thus Gone, Dezhin Shegpa; &#22914;&#20358; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36845;&#26032;&#21332;&#24052;, &#36948;&#20182;&#22030;&#36948;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Dezhin Shegpa)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3919;&#3851;&#3920;&#3953;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3919;, &#3919;&#3851;&#3920;&#3953;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Tathagata); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;de bzhin gshegs pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tathagata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Gautama Buddha refers to himself as Tathagata, It means one who has thus gone. or beyond all coming and going. Tathagata is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22914;&#20358; (&#36948;&#20182;&#22030;&#36948;, &#36845;&#26032;&#21332;&#24052;) &#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#22914;&#20358;&#32773;&#65292;&#28961;&#25152;&#24478;&#20358;&#65292;&#20134;&#28961;&#25152;&#21435;&#65292;&#25925;&#21517;&#22914;&#20358;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tathagata, &#3919;&#3851;&#3920;&#3953;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3919;, &#36948;&#20182;&#22030;&#36948;, &#22914;&#20358;, &#36845;&#26032;&#21332;, Thus Gone,  &#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;,  dezhin shegpa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tathagata\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22914;&#20358;<\/span>&#32854;&#34399;&#33509;&#31281;&#25562;&nbsp; &#28040;&#28797;&#24310;&#22781;&#24950;&#21513;&#31077;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Medicine Buddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Sangye Menla), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(menla)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas sman bla, sman bla&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bhaisajyaguru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Medicine Buddha is the Buddha of healing and medicine in Mahayana Buddhism using his teachings as medicine to cure suffering in samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#30340;&#20462;&#32722;&#27861;&#38272;&#26368;&#21021;&#26159;&#30001;&#23490;&#35703;&#23562;&#32773;&#22312;&#36196;&#26494;&#24503;&#36106;&#29579;&#22312;&#20301;&#26178;&#26399;&#20659;&#20837;&#30340;&#12290;&#27492;&#19968;&#20659;&#25215;&#36215;&#21021;&#30001;&#21520;&#34115;&#29579;&#23460;&#31177;&#25215;&#27861;&#33032;&#65292;&#38568;&#33879;&#21520;&#34115;&#29579;&#26397;&#30340;&#34928;&#27794;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;&#24460;&#24344;&#26399;&#25945;&#27966;&#30340;&#24314;&#31435;&#65292;&#27492;&#27861;&#38272;&#21448;&#34987;&#26089;&#26399;&#34217;&#36838;&#27966;&#31561;&#25945;&#27966;&#22823;&#24503;&#32380;&#25215;&#30332;&#23637;&#20006;&#28472;&#28472;&#27969;&#20837;&#27665;&#38291;&#12290;&#24460;&#22240;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#27880;&#37325;&#20107;&#12289;&#34892;&#20108;&#37096;&#23494;&#27861;&#30340;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#22312;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#20013;&#20063;&#26997;&#21463;&#37325;&#35222;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#35576;&#22810;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#20379;&#20462;&#20736;&#36556;&#20013;&#65292;&#26368;&#29234;&#33879;&#31281;&#30340;&#26377;&#20841;&#37096;&#65292;&#19968;&#29234;&#22235;&#19990;&#29677;&#31146;&#8231;&#27931;&#26705;&#30906;&#21513;&#22533;&#21443; (&#21892;&#24935;&#27861;&#24162;)&#30340;&#12298;&#25885;&#34180;&#20285;&#26805;&#34277;&#24107;&#32147;&#36556;&#24515;&#35201;&#65294;&#22914;&#24847;&#25705;&#23612;&#12299;&#65307;&#20108;&#29234;&#20116;&#19990;&#22025;&#29926;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#30340;&#12298;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#20379;&#39178;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#24847;&#29579;&#32147;&#12299;&#12290;&#21069;&#32773;&#20197;&#20854;&#20839;&#23481;&#28611;&#32302;&#12289;&#31687;&#24133;&#31777;&#30701;&#32780;&#34987;&#20659;&#31281;&#29234;&#12300;&#34277;&#24107;&#31777;&#36556;&#12301;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#28748;&#38914;&#20736;&#36556;&#22810;&#20381;&#27492;&#20659;&#25480;&#65307;&#24460;&#32773;&#26377;&#19981;&#23569;&#22823;&#24499;&#22312;&#20854;&#22522;&#30990;&#20043;&#19978;&#21152;&#20197;&#22686;&#35330;&#65292;&#32780;&#26377;&#21508;&#31278;&#24291;&#36556;&#29256;&#26412;&#27969;&#20659;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#22312;&#39023;&#23447;&#33287;&#23494;&#20056;&#30342;&#24291;&#28858;&#27969;&#20659;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#39023;&#23447;&#33287;&#23494;&#20056;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#21371;&#23384;&#26377;&#37096;&#20998;&#24046;&#30064;&mdash;&#34892;&#32773;&#35657;&#24471;&#20315;&#26524;&#26178;&#65292;&#26371;&#25104;&#23601;&#27861;&#12289;&#33394;&#20108;&#36523;&#65292;&#23601;&#27861;&#12289;&#33394;&#20108;&#36523;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#23494;&#20056;&#30342;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#39023;&#23447;&#38614;&#20855;&#26377;&#27861;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#65292;&#21371;&#27794;&#26377;&#33394;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#12290;&#28858;&#20160;&#40636;&#23494;&#20056;&#20855;&#36275;&#33394;&#36523;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#65311;&#20854;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#23494;&#20056;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#20849;&#26044;&#39023;&#25945;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#25945;&#27861;&mdash;&#33258;&#29983;&#26412;&#23562;&#35264;&#65292;&#34249;&#30001;&#23559;&#33258;&#24049;&#34701;&#20837;&#31354;&#24615;&#65292;&#30001;&#31354;&#24615;&#20013;&#29694;&#36215;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#35264;&#20462;&#26041;&#27861;&#65292;&#25104;&#28858;&#20315;&#26524;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20197;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20381;&#39023;&#23447;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#38656;&#35373;&#32622;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#65292;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#22312;&#21069;&#38754;&#34395;&#31354;&#65292;&#20294;&#27794;&#26377;&#35264;&#24819;&#33258;&#24049;&#25104;&#28858;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#20736;&#36556;&#65307;&#23494;&#20056;&#21063;&#21487;&#20197;&#35264;&#20462;&#33258;&#24049;&#26159;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#30001;&#26412;&#23562;&#36523;&#25918;&#23556;&#20986;&#28961;&#37327;&#30340;&#27627;&#20809;&#33287;&#29976;&#38706;&#65292;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#25925;&#22312;&#21033;&#29983;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#26041;&#20415;&#21450;&#31119;&#24503;&#36039;&#31975;&#30340;&#32047;&#31309;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#20849;&#26044;&#39023;&#23447;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#21315;&#20379;&#20462;&#27861;&#20013;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#21315;&#20379;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25351;&#30340;&#26159;&#21315;&#30430;&#29128;&#12289;&#20108;&#21315;&#26479;&#27700;&#12289;&#21315;&#25903;&#39321;&#12289;&#21315;&#26421;&#33457;&#12289;&#21315;&#26479;&#22615;&#39321;&#65288;&#20197;&#27700;&#20195;&#34920;&#65289;&#12289;&#21315;&#39135;&#23376;&#65292;&#21512;&#35336;&#19971;&#21315;&#26479;&#20379;&#21697;&#12290;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#21315;&#20379;&#20462;&#27861;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#21487;&#24605;&#35696;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#21151;&#24503;---&#21487;&#36805;&#36895;&#28040;&#38500;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#31278;&#30142;&#30149;&#21450;&#38556;&#31001;&#12289;&#39764;&#38627;&#31561;&#65292;&#33021;&#20351;&#34892;&#32773;&#36805;&#36895;&#32047;&#31309;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#36039;&#31975;&#65292;&#19988;&#33021;&#39250;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#20196;&#24444;&#31561;&#36949;&#32227;&#28040;&#38500;&#12289;&#31119;&#22781;&#20465;&#22686;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21892;&#39000;&#24471;&#20197;&#22291;&#28415;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;,  Bhaisajyaguru,  Medicine Buddha,  &#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/medicine-buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;<\/span>&#20035;&#22823;&#39000;&#20043;&#29579;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35475;<\/span>&#39000;&#25104;&#23601;&#30526;&#29983;&#25152;&#27714;&#25152;&#39000;&#65292;&#26366;&#30332;&#23439;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35475;<\/span>&#65306;&#12300;&#39000;&#20104;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;The Vaibhashika School&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27607;&#23110;&#27801;&#37096;, &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#37096;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgyud pa rgya pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vaibhashika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;One of the early Buddhist schools, known for its realistic ontology and belief in the existence of external objects. It asserts that all phenomena are ultimately composed of indivisible atoms of matter and moments of consciousness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#37096;&#26159;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#37096;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#23526;&#26377;&#35542;&#33879;&#31281;&#65292;&#35469;&#28858;&#22806;&#22659;&#30495;&#23526;&#23384;&#22312;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#26368;&#32066;&#30001;&#19981;&#21487;&#20998;&#21106;&#30340;&#29289;&#36074;&#24494;&#31890;&#21644;&#21070;&#37027;&#24847;&#35672;&#27083;&#25104;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vaibhashika,  &#27607;&#23110;&#27801;,  &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vaibhashika\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;<\/span>&#24773;&#65292;&#23433;&#27138;&#21033;&#30410;&#12290;&#12301;&#33509;&#33021;&#33267;&#35488;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offer my respect&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24685;&#25964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#20839;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ch&ouml; ne); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod nas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Offer my respect,  &#24685;&#25964;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%98%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%93%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24685;&#25964;<\/span>&#24565;&#35494;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20379;&#39178;<\/span>&#34277;&#24107;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#20415;&#21487;&#24471;&#28040;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#22686;&#31119;&#24310;&#22781;&#12289;&#36523;&#24515;&#23433;&#24247;&#12289;&#35576;&#20107;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wish&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Fulfilling&amp;lt;\/b&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22914;&#24847;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20234;&#26032;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (yi shine); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yid bzhin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22914;&#24847;,  Wish Fulfilling&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%9e%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22914;&#24847;<\/span>&#31561;&#29694;&#19990;&#31119;&#22577;&#65307;&#20134;&#33021;&#31119;&#34093;&#20358;&#19990;&#65292;&#24471;&#29983;&#21892;&#36947;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#24448;&#29983;&#35199;&#26041;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pureland, Buddha field, Buddha abode&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#22283;, &#28136;&#22303;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan:&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangs rgyas kyi zhing), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dagpay shing);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas kyi zhing, dag pa&amp;#039;i zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kitra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Purelands are realms created by Buddhas, beyond samsara, free from sufferings and most conducive for spiritual practice for those who have not yet reached enlightenment. Examples of Buddhas with purelands include Sukhavati (Land of Bliss) of Amitabha, Avalokiteshvara, and Maitreya who presides over Tushita.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#25152;&#21109;&#24314;&#65292;&#36229;&#36234;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#27138;&#22303;&#65292;&#37027;&#35041;&#27794;&#26377;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#20102;&#26410;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#22914;&#38463;&#24396;&#38464;&#20315;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28136;&#22303;&#65292;&#32780;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&#21063;&#20303;&#25345;&#20828;&#29575;&#20839;&#38498;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#22283;,  &#28136;&#22303;,  Buddha Field,  Pureland,  &#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/pureland\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28136;&#22303;<\/span>&#12290;&#26356;&#33945;&#21313;&#20108;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yaksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22812;&#21449;, &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&#34277;&#21449;&amp;lt;\/b&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35582;&#20170;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3923;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (no jin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gnod sbyin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yak&#7779;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yaksas, one of Eight Legions (Astasena), are the attendants of Vaisrava&#7751;a, the Heavenly King of the north. Yaksas are benevolent nature spirits connected with water, forest and wilderness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22812;&#21449;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#35586;&#19968;&#31278;&#25463;&#30142;&#21191;&#20581;&#30340;&#39740;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#26159;&#22825;&#40845;&#20843;&#37096;&#35703;&#27861;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yaksha,  &#22812;&#21449;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yaksha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34277;&#21449;<\/span>&#22823;&#23559;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35475;<\/span>&#39000;&#23432;&#35703;&#65292;&#35703;&#31056;&#20449;&#30526;&#24179;&#23433;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36960;&#38626;&#30142;&#21380;&#22256;&#33510;&#12290;<\/p><p>https:\/\/forms.gle\/RfqK6Ue5y7C5Njz46<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Auspicious goodness, Good luck&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31069;&#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3904;&#4018;&#3851;&#3940;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tashi delek); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bkra shis bde legs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;,  &#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;,  Auspicious&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/auspicious-3\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;<\/span>&#65281;<br>&#21152;&#25343;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26524;&#30889;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;TseChen, Most Loving; &#22823;&#24904;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23388;&#27453;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3962;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tse chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtse chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22823;&#24904;,  TseChen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#24904;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26222;&#21033;<\/span>&#23546;&#25964;&#21855;<br>40 Pritchard Ave, Toronto<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30e0379 EngTTT -ChnTTT elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30e0379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Medicine Buddha Puja For Disaster Relief and Longevity<\/h3><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Long weekend Monday,&nbsp; Feb 17 2025,<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">10:00 AM &ndash; 4:00 PM<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Temple provides vegetarian lunch<\/p><p>Please fill in the form below to register for lunch.&nbsp;&nbsp;Sponsorship and donation are welcome, please e-transfer to: <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">kunphen<\/span>.canada@gmail.com<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The radiant net adorns the Lapis Lazuli Light,<br>Twelve great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span>s, profound and imme<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Demi-god, Asura; &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947; (&#25289;&#25935;\/&#25289;&#40635;&#38899;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(lha min)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lha miyin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha min, lha ma yin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Asura;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Demi-god (asura) is one of the six classes of beings (Sadgati) in Buddhist cosmology. Asuras are supernatural beings who live in lower levels of mount Sumeru, obsessed with sensuous aspects of existence and jealousy, endlessly engaged in wars against the Devas (gods).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21972;&#24594;&#23241;&#22930;&#24515;&#37325;&#12289;&#22909;&#29229;&#39717;&#65292;&#24120;&#33287;&#22825;&#20154;&#25136;&#29229;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Asura,  &#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923;,  &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;,  Demi-god&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/asura\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">asura<\/span>ble.<br>By chanting the Holy Name of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tathagata, Thus Gone, Dezhin Shegpa; &#22914;&#20358; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36845;&#26032;&#21332;&#24052;, &#36948;&#20182;&#22030;&#36948;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Dezhin Shegpa)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3919;&#3851;&#3920;&#3953;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3919;, &#3919;&#3851;&#3920;&#3953;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Tathagata); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;de bzhin gshegs pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tathagata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Gautama Buddha refers to himself as Tathagata, It means one who has thus gone. or beyond all coming and going. Tathagata is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22914;&#20358; (&#36948;&#20182;&#22030;&#36948;, &#36845;&#26032;&#21332;&#24052;) &#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#22914;&#20358;&#32773;&#65292;&#28961;&#25152;&#24478;&#20358;&#65292;&#20134;&#28961;&#25152;&#21435;&#65292;&#25925;&#21517;&#22914;&#20358;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tathagata, &#3919;&#3851;&#3920;&#3953;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3919;, &#36948;&#20182;&#22030;&#36948;, &#22914;&#20358;, &#36845;&#26032;&#21332;, Thus Gone,  &#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;,  dezhin shegpa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tathagata\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Tath&#257;gata<\/span>,<br>Calamities dissolve, life extends, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bless<\/span>ings arise.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Medicine Buddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Sangye Menla), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(menla)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas sman bla, sman bla&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bhaisajyaguru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Medicine Buddha is the Buddha of healing and medicine in Mahayana Buddhism using his teachings as medicine to cure suffering in samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#30340;&#20462;&#32722;&#27861;&#38272;&#26368;&#21021;&#26159;&#30001;&#23490;&#35703;&#23562;&#32773;&#22312;&#36196;&#26494;&#24503;&#36106;&#29579;&#22312;&#20301;&#26178;&#26399;&#20659;&#20837;&#30340;&#12290;&#27492;&#19968;&#20659;&#25215;&#36215;&#21021;&#30001;&#21520;&#34115;&#29579;&#23460;&#31177;&#25215;&#27861;&#33032;&#65292;&#38568;&#33879;&#21520;&#34115;&#29579;&#26397;&#30340;&#34928;&#27794;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;&#24460;&#24344;&#26399;&#25945;&#27966;&#30340;&#24314;&#31435;&#65292;&#27492;&#27861;&#38272;&#21448;&#34987;&#26089;&#26399;&#34217;&#36838;&#27966;&#31561;&#25945;&#27966;&#22823;&#24503;&#32380;&#25215;&#30332;&#23637;&#20006;&#28472;&#28472;&#27969;&#20837;&#27665;&#38291;&#12290;&#24460;&#22240;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#27880;&#37325;&#20107;&#12289;&#34892;&#20108;&#37096;&#23494;&#27861;&#30340;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#22312;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#20013;&#20063;&#26997;&#21463;&#37325;&#35222;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#35576;&#22810;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#20379;&#20462;&#20736;&#36556;&#20013;&#65292;&#26368;&#29234;&#33879;&#31281;&#30340;&#26377;&#20841;&#37096;&#65292;&#19968;&#29234;&#22235;&#19990;&#29677;&#31146;&#8231;&#27931;&#26705;&#30906;&#21513;&#22533;&#21443; (&#21892;&#24935;&#27861;&#24162;)&#30340;&#12298;&#25885;&#34180;&#20285;&#26805;&#34277;&#24107;&#32147;&#36556;&#24515;&#35201;&#65294;&#22914;&#24847;&#25705;&#23612;&#12299;&#65307;&#20108;&#29234;&#20116;&#19990;&#22025;&#29926;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#30340;&#12298;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#20379;&#39178;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#24847;&#29579;&#32147;&#12299;&#12290;&#21069;&#32773;&#20197;&#20854;&#20839;&#23481;&#28611;&#32302;&#12289;&#31687;&#24133;&#31777;&#30701;&#32780;&#34987;&#20659;&#31281;&#29234;&#12300;&#34277;&#24107;&#31777;&#36556;&#12301;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#28748;&#38914;&#20736;&#36556;&#22810;&#20381;&#27492;&#20659;&#25480;&#65307;&#24460;&#32773;&#26377;&#19981;&#23569;&#22823;&#24499;&#22312;&#20854;&#22522;&#30990;&#20043;&#19978;&#21152;&#20197;&#22686;&#35330;&#65292;&#32780;&#26377;&#21508;&#31278;&#24291;&#36556;&#29256;&#26412;&#27969;&#20659;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#22312;&#39023;&#23447;&#33287;&#23494;&#20056;&#30342;&#24291;&#28858;&#27969;&#20659;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#39023;&#23447;&#33287;&#23494;&#20056;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#21371;&#23384;&#26377;&#37096;&#20998;&#24046;&#30064;&mdash;&#34892;&#32773;&#35657;&#24471;&#20315;&#26524;&#26178;&#65292;&#26371;&#25104;&#23601;&#27861;&#12289;&#33394;&#20108;&#36523;&#65292;&#23601;&#27861;&#12289;&#33394;&#20108;&#36523;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#23494;&#20056;&#30342;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#39023;&#23447;&#38614;&#20855;&#26377;&#27861;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#65292;&#21371;&#27794;&#26377;&#33394;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#12290;&#28858;&#20160;&#40636;&#23494;&#20056;&#20855;&#36275;&#33394;&#36523;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#65311;&#20854;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#23494;&#20056;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#20849;&#26044;&#39023;&#25945;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#25945;&#27861;&mdash;&#33258;&#29983;&#26412;&#23562;&#35264;&#65292;&#34249;&#30001;&#23559;&#33258;&#24049;&#34701;&#20837;&#31354;&#24615;&#65292;&#30001;&#31354;&#24615;&#20013;&#29694;&#36215;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#35264;&#20462;&#26041;&#27861;&#65292;&#25104;&#28858;&#20315;&#26524;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20197;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20381;&#39023;&#23447;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#38656;&#35373;&#32622;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#65292;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#22312;&#21069;&#38754;&#34395;&#31354;&#65292;&#20294;&#27794;&#26377;&#35264;&#24819;&#33258;&#24049;&#25104;&#28858;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#20736;&#36556;&#65307;&#23494;&#20056;&#21063;&#21487;&#20197;&#35264;&#20462;&#33258;&#24049;&#26159;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#30001;&#26412;&#23562;&#36523;&#25918;&#23556;&#20986;&#28961;&#37327;&#30340;&#27627;&#20809;&#33287;&#29976;&#38706;&#65292;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#25925;&#22312;&#21033;&#29983;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#26041;&#20415;&#21450;&#31119;&#24503;&#36039;&#31975;&#30340;&#32047;&#31309;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#20849;&#26044;&#39023;&#23447;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#21315;&#20379;&#20462;&#27861;&#20013;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#21315;&#20379;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25351;&#30340;&#26159;&#21315;&#30430;&#29128;&#12289;&#20108;&#21315;&#26479;&#27700;&#12289;&#21315;&#25903;&#39321;&#12289;&#21315;&#26421;&#33457;&#12289;&#21315;&#26479;&#22615;&#39321;&#65288;&#20197;&#27700;&#20195;&#34920;&#65289;&#12289;&#21315;&#39135;&#23376;&#65292;&#21512;&#35336;&#19971;&#21315;&#26479;&#20379;&#21697;&#12290;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#21315;&#20379;&#20462;&#27861;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#21487;&#24605;&#35696;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#21151;&#24503;---&#21487;&#36805;&#36895;&#28040;&#38500;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#31278;&#30142;&#30149;&#21450;&#38556;&#31001;&#12289;&#39764;&#38627;&#31561;&#65292;&#33021;&#20351;&#34892;&#32773;&#36805;&#36895;&#32047;&#31309;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#36039;&#31975;&#65292;&#19988;&#33021;&#39250;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#20196;&#24444;&#31561;&#36949;&#32227;&#28040;&#38500;&#12289;&#31119;&#22781;&#20465;&#22686;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21892;&#39000;&#24471;&#20197;&#22291;&#28415;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;,  Bhaisajyaguru,  Medicine Buddha,  &#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/medicine-buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Medicine Buddha<\/span>, the King of Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vow<\/span>s, has made profound aspirations to fulfill the wishes of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. He once declared: <b>&laquo;&nbsp;May I bring peace and benefit to all who suffer.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/b><\/p><p>With sincere devotion, those who recite, venerate, and make <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span>s to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Medicine Buddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Sangye Menla), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(menla)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas sman bla, sman bla&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bhaisajyaguru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Medicine Buddha is the Buddha of healing and medicine in Mahayana Buddhism using his teachings as medicine to cure suffering in samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#30340;&#20462;&#32722;&#27861;&#38272;&#26368;&#21021;&#26159;&#30001;&#23490;&#35703;&#23562;&#32773;&#22312;&#36196;&#26494;&#24503;&#36106;&#29579;&#22312;&#20301;&#26178;&#26399;&#20659;&#20837;&#30340;&#12290;&#27492;&#19968;&#20659;&#25215;&#36215;&#21021;&#30001;&#21520;&#34115;&#29579;&#23460;&#31177;&#25215;&#27861;&#33032;&#65292;&#38568;&#33879;&#21520;&#34115;&#29579;&#26397;&#30340;&#34928;&#27794;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;&#24460;&#24344;&#26399;&#25945;&#27966;&#30340;&#24314;&#31435;&#65292;&#27492;&#27861;&#38272;&#21448;&#34987;&#26089;&#26399;&#34217;&#36838;&#27966;&#31561;&#25945;&#27966;&#22823;&#24503;&#32380;&#25215;&#30332;&#23637;&#20006;&#28472;&#28472;&#27969;&#20837;&#27665;&#38291;&#12290;&#24460;&#22240;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#27880;&#37325;&#20107;&#12289;&#34892;&#20108;&#37096;&#23494;&#27861;&#30340;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#22312;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#20013;&#20063;&#26997;&#21463;&#37325;&#35222;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#35576;&#22810;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#20379;&#20462;&#20736;&#36556;&#20013;&#65292;&#26368;&#29234;&#33879;&#31281;&#30340;&#26377;&#20841;&#37096;&#65292;&#19968;&#29234;&#22235;&#19990;&#29677;&#31146;&#8231;&#27931;&#26705;&#30906;&#21513;&#22533;&#21443; (&#21892;&#24935;&#27861;&#24162;)&#30340;&#12298;&#25885;&#34180;&#20285;&#26805;&#34277;&#24107;&#32147;&#36556;&#24515;&#35201;&#65294;&#22914;&#24847;&#25705;&#23612;&#12299;&#65307;&#20108;&#29234;&#20116;&#19990;&#22025;&#29926;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#30340;&#12298;&#34277;&#24107;&#19971;&#20315;&#20379;&#39178;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#24847;&#29579;&#32147;&#12299;&#12290;&#21069;&#32773;&#20197;&#20854;&#20839;&#23481;&#28611;&#32302;&#12289;&#31687;&#24133;&#31777;&#30701;&#32780;&#34987;&#20659;&#31281;&#29234;&#12300;&#34277;&#24107;&#31777;&#36556;&#12301;&#65292;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#28748;&#38914;&#20736;&#36556;&#22810;&#20381;&#27492;&#20659;&#25480;&#65307;&#24460;&#32773;&#26377;&#19981;&#23569;&#22823;&#24499;&#22312;&#20854;&#22522;&#30990;&#20043;&#19978;&#21152;&#20197;&#22686;&#35330;&#65292;&#32780;&#26377;&#21508;&#31278;&#24291;&#36556;&#29256;&#26412;&#27969;&#20659;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#22312;&#39023;&#23447;&#33287;&#23494;&#20056;&#30342;&#24291;&#28858;&#27969;&#20659;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#39023;&#23447;&#33287;&#23494;&#20056;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#21371;&#23384;&#26377;&#37096;&#20998;&#24046;&#30064;&mdash;&#34892;&#32773;&#35657;&#24471;&#20315;&#26524;&#26178;&#65292;&#26371;&#25104;&#23601;&#27861;&#12289;&#33394;&#20108;&#36523;&#65292;&#23601;&#27861;&#12289;&#33394;&#20108;&#36523;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#23494;&#20056;&#30342;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#39023;&#23447;&#38614;&#20855;&#26377;&#27861;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#65292;&#21371;&#27794;&#26377;&#33394;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#12290;&#28858;&#20160;&#40636;&#23494;&#20056;&#20855;&#36275;&#33394;&#36523;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#65311;&#20854;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#23494;&#20056;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#20849;&#26044;&#39023;&#25945;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#25945;&#27861;&mdash;&#33258;&#29983;&#26412;&#23562;&#35264;&#65292;&#34249;&#30001;&#23559;&#33258;&#24049;&#34701;&#20837;&#31354;&#24615;&#65292;&#30001;&#31354;&#24615;&#20013;&#29694;&#36215;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#35264;&#20462;&#26041;&#27861;&#65292;&#25104;&#28858;&#20315;&#26524;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#30340;&#36817;&#21462;&#22240;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20197;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20381;&#39023;&#23447;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#38656;&#35373;&#32622;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#65292;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#22312;&#21069;&#38754;&#34395;&#31354;&#65292;&#20294;&#27794;&#26377;&#35264;&#24819;&#33258;&#24049;&#25104;&#28858;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#20736;&#36556;&#65307;&#23494;&#20056;&#21063;&#21487;&#20197;&#35264;&#20462;&#33258;&#24049;&#26159;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#30001;&#26412;&#23562;&#36523;&#25918;&#23556;&#20986;&#28961;&#37327;&#30340;&#27627;&#20809;&#33287;&#29976;&#38706;&#65292;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#25925;&#22312;&#21033;&#29983;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#26041;&#20415;&#21450;&#31119;&#24503;&#36039;&#31975;&#30340;&#32047;&#31309;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#20849;&#26044;&#39023;&#23447;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#21315;&#20379;&#20462;&#27861;&#20013;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#21315;&#20379;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25351;&#30340;&#26159;&#21315;&#30430;&#29128;&#12289;&#20108;&#21315;&#26479;&#27700;&#12289;&#21315;&#25903;&#39321;&#12289;&#21315;&#26421;&#33457;&#12289;&#21315;&#26479;&#22615;&#39321;&#65288;&#20197;&#27700;&#20195;&#34920;&#65289;&#12289;&#21315;&#39135;&#23376;&#65292;&#21512;&#35336;&#19971;&#21315;&#26479;&#20379;&#21697;&#12290;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;&#21315;&#20379;&#20462;&#27861;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#21487;&#24605;&#35696;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#21151;&#24503;---&#21487;&#36805;&#36895;&#28040;&#38500;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#31278;&#30142;&#30149;&#21450;&#38556;&#31001;&#12289;&#39764;&#38627;&#31561;&#65292;&#33021;&#20351;&#34892;&#32773;&#36805;&#36895;&#32047;&#31309;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#36039;&#31975;&#65292;&#19988;&#33021;&#39250;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#20196;&#24444;&#31561;&#36949;&#32227;&#28040;&#38500;&#12289;&#31119;&#22781;&#20465;&#22686;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21892;&#39000;&#24471;&#20197;&#22291;&#28415;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#34277;&#24107;&#20315;,  Bhaisajyaguru,  Medicine Buddha,  &#3942;&#4008;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/medicine-buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Medicine Buddha<\/span> will receive immense <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bless<\/span>ings in this life&mdash;disaster relief, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> from misfortunes, increased merit and longevity, physical and mental well-being, and the fulfillment of wishes. Moreover, this practice extends <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bless<\/span>ings into future lives, guiding beings toward <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jati,  Rebirth,  &#20986;&#29983;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in virtuous <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">realm<\/span>s or even the Pure Land of the West. Additionally, the Twelve <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yaksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22812;&#21449;, &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&#34277;&#21449;&amp;lt;\/b&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35582;&#20170;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3923;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (no jin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gnod sbyin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yak&#7779;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yaksas, one of Eight Legions (Astasena), are the attendants of Vaisrava&#7751;a, the Heavenly King of the north. Yaksas are benevolent nature spirits connected with water, forest and wilderness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22812;&#21449;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#35586;&#19968;&#31278;&#25463;&#30142;&#21191;&#20581;&#30340;&#39740;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#26159;&#22825;&#40845;&#20843;&#37096;&#35703;&#27861;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yaksha,  &#22812;&#21449;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yaksha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Yaksha<\/span> Generals have <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span>ed to offer unwavering protection, ensuring peace, safety, and freedom from illness and suffering.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tashi, Good Fortune, Auspicious&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25166;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3904;&#4018;&#3851;&#3940;&#3954;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Tashi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bkra shis&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mangalam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tashi is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Trashi, Taschi.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25166;&#35199;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tashi,   &#25166;&#35199;,  Mangalam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tashi\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Tashi<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Delek, Happiness, Auspiciousness; &#24184;&#31119;&#65292;&#21513;&#31077;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#21202;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Delek); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bde legs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nDelek \/ Deleg is a common Tibetan name meaning happiness, auspiciousness. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Deleg.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#24503;&#21202;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#24184;&#31119;&#65292;&#21513;&#31077;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Delek,  &#24503;&#21202;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a3%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Delek<\/span>!<\/p><p><b><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Kunphen<\/span> Buddhist Centre,&nbsp;40 Pritchard Ave, Toronto<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ba40c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"10ba40c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/eight-mahayana-precepts-25-02-23-e1739761257594.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-94784\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/eight-mahayana-precepts-25-02-23-e1739761257594.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/eight-mahayana-precepts-25-02-23-e1739761257594-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f0c235 EngTTT -ChnTTT elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f0c235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Microsoft JhengHei';\"><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26524;&#30889;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">&ndash;<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Microsoft JhengHei';\"><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#20056;<\/span>&#38263;&#28136;&#25106;&#38283;&#31034;<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Microsoft JhengHei';\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">:<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"\/zh-hant\/mahayana-precepts-teaching\/\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/mahayana-precepts-teaching\/<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0in; font-size: 14.0pt;\"><span lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"font-family: 'Microsoft JhengHei';\"><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gosok<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Rinpoche<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">: <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Presepts Teaching: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/mahayana-precepts-teaching\/\"><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/mahayana-precepts-teaching\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa054c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"faa054c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"910\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Losar-2025.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-95222\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Losar-2025.jpg 910w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Losar-2025-768x1080.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4063a46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4063a46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>To celebrate the Tibetan New Year and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great Prayer Festival;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#40664;&#26391;&#27453;&#33707;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (monlam chenmo);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Unicode&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Smon lam chen mo&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Monlam Chenmo, The Great Prayer Festival falls on the first Tibetan month. The event was established by Tsongkhapa. Monks of the great Gelug monasteries gather for prayers , rituals and teachings. Many Tibetans make pilgrims to join the festival.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31070;&#35722;&#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&#65306;&#27599;&#24180;&#34255;&#27511;&#24180;&#27491;&#26376;&#33289;&#34892;&#65288;&#27491;&#26376;&#20063;&#31281;&#28858;&#31070;&#35722;&#26376;&#65289;&#12290;&#26044;1409&#24180;&#39318;&#27425;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#28858;&#20102;&#24863;&#24681;&#32000;&#24565;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#30070;&#26178;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#36319;&#20845;&#20491;&#22806;&#36947;&#22823;&#24107;&#27604;&#36783;&#35542;&#27861;&#29702;&#21644;&#27604;&#31070;&#36890;&#31070;&#35722;&#65292;&#22312;&#30070;&#26178;&#21360;&#24230;&#24190;&#20491;&#22283;&#29579;&#21644;&#26377;&#23416;&#35672;&#20043;&#20154;&#20497;&#21450;&#22823;&#30526;&#30340;&#35211;&#35657;&#19979;&#25226;&#20845;&#20491;&#22806;&#36947;&#24107;&#38477;&#26381;&#65292;&#24456;&#22810;&#22806;&#36947;&#24107;&#24466;&#38598;&#39636;&#27512;&#20381;&#20102;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#65288;&#30070;&#26178;&#21360;&#24230;&#32722;&#20439;&#25943;&#26041;&#35201;&#38598;&#39636;&#27512;&#20381;&#21213;&#26041;&#65289;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#27511;&#21490;&#19978;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#37324;&#31243;&#30865;&#12290;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#19968;&#29983;&#20013;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#20315;&#20107;&#20043;&#19968;&#30340;&#31070;&#35722;&#31048;&#39000;&#27861;&#26371;&#12290;&#27861;&#26371;&#20839;&#23481;&#20027;&#35201;&#26159;&#20711;&#30526;&#35494;&#32147;&#31048;&#31153;&#65292;&#35611;&#25480;&#20315;&#38464;&#26412;&#29983;&#20659;&#65292;&#35611;&#32147;&#36783;&#32147;&#65292;&#30456;&#27861;&#31435;&#23447;&#65292;&#32771;&#21462;&#26032;&#30340;&#25289;&#35731;&#24052;&#26684;&#35199;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#27511;&#21490;&#19978;&#65292;&#27861;&#26371;&#28858;&#26399;&#20108;&#21313;&#22825;&#24038;&#21491;&#65292;&#37117;&#22312;&#25289;&#34217;&#22823;&#21484;&#23546;&#30427;&#22823;&#33289;&#34892;&#12290;&#20197;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#28858;&#20027;&#22235;&#26041;&#23546;&#24287;&#21644;&#20711;&#30526;&#37117;&#21487;&#20197;&#20358;&#21443;&#21152;&#20659;&#35498;&#26377;&#22909;&#24190;&#33836;&#20711;&#30526;&#21450;&#21313;&#26041;&#20358;&#26397;&#32854;&#30340;&#28961;&#25976;&#20449;&#30526;&#12290;&#26399;&#38291;&#25289;&#34217;&#24066;&#30340;&#34892;&#25919;&#27402;&#21033;&#27512;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#30340;&#37941;&#26834;&#21895;&#22043;&#25509;&#31649;&#12290;&#21487;&#30693;&#27861;&#26371;&#30340;&#37325;&#35201;&#24615;&#35215;&#27169;&#20043;&#22823;&#12290;&#21040;&#30446;&#21069;&#24050;&#32147;&#26377;&#20102;&#20845;&#20336;&#22810;&#30340;&#27511;&#21490;&#65292;&#27530;&#21213;&#28961;&#27604; &#21151;&#24503;&#28961;&#37327;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Monlam Chenmo,  &#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/monlam-chenmo\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Monlam Chenmo<\/span>, we have completed the English translation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gosok<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Rinpoche<\/span>&rsquo;s 7 point Mind Training Teaching in Nepal during 2021 <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great Prayer Festival;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#40664;&#26391;&#27453;&#33707;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (monlam chenmo);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Unicode&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Smon lam chen mo&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Monlam Chenmo, The Great Prayer Festival falls on the first Tibetan month. The event was established by Tsongkhapa. Monks of the great Gelug monasteries gather for prayers , rituals and teachings. Many Tibetans make pilgrims to join the festival.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31070;&#35722;&#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&#65306;&#27599;&#24180;&#34255;&#27511;&#24180;&#27491;&#26376;&#33289;&#34892;&#65288;&#27491;&#26376;&#20063;&#31281;&#28858;&#31070;&#35722;&#26376;&#65289;&#12290;&#26044;1409&#24180;&#39318;&#27425;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#28858;&#20102;&#24863;&#24681;&#32000;&#24565;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#30070;&#26178;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#36319;&#20845;&#20491;&#22806;&#36947;&#22823;&#24107;&#27604;&#36783;&#35542;&#27861;&#29702;&#21644;&#27604;&#31070;&#36890;&#31070;&#35722;&#65292;&#22312;&#30070;&#26178;&#21360;&#24230;&#24190;&#20491;&#22283;&#29579;&#21644;&#26377;&#23416;&#35672;&#20043;&#20154;&#20497;&#21450;&#22823;&#30526;&#30340;&#35211;&#35657;&#19979;&#25226;&#20845;&#20491;&#22806;&#36947;&#24107;&#38477;&#26381;&#65292;&#24456;&#22810;&#22806;&#36947;&#24107;&#24466;&#38598;&#39636;&#27512;&#20381;&#20102;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#65288;&#30070;&#26178;&#21360;&#24230;&#32722;&#20439;&#25943;&#26041;&#35201;&#38598;&#39636;&#27512;&#20381;&#21213;&#26041;&#65289;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#27511;&#21490;&#19978;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#37324;&#31243;&#30865;&#12290;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#19968;&#29983;&#20013;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#20315;&#20107;&#20043;&#19968;&#30340;&#31070;&#35722;&#31048;&#39000;&#27861;&#26371;&#12290;&#27861;&#26371;&#20839;&#23481;&#20027;&#35201;&#26159;&#20711;&#30526;&#35494;&#32147;&#31048;&#31153;&#65292;&#35611;&#25480;&#20315;&#38464;&#26412;&#29983;&#20659;&#65292;&#35611;&#32147;&#36783;&#32147;&#65292;&#30456;&#27861;&#31435;&#23447;&#65292;&#32771;&#21462;&#26032;&#30340;&#25289;&#35731;&#24052;&#26684;&#35199;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#27511;&#21490;&#19978;&#65292;&#27861;&#26371;&#28858;&#26399;&#20108;&#21313;&#22825;&#24038;&#21491;&#65292;&#37117;&#22312;&#25289;&#34217;&#22823;&#21484;&#23546;&#30427;&#22823;&#33289;&#34892;&#12290;&#20197;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#28858;&#20027;&#22235;&#26041;&#23546;&#24287;&#21644;&#20711;&#30526;&#37117;&#21487;&#20197;&#20358;&#21443;&#21152;&#20659;&#35498;&#26377;&#22909;&#24190;&#33836;&#20711;&#30526;&#21450;&#21313;&#26041;&#20358;&#26397;&#32854;&#30340;&#28961;&#25976;&#20449;&#30526;&#12290;&#26399;&#38291;&#25289;&#34217;&#24066;&#30340;&#34892;&#25919;&#27402;&#21033;&#27512;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#30340;&#37941;&#26834;&#21895;&#22043;&#25509;&#31649;&#12290;&#21487;&#30693;&#27861;&#26371;&#30340;&#37325;&#35201;&#24615;&#35215;&#27169;&#20043;&#22823;&#12290;&#21040;&#30446;&#21069;&#24050;&#32147;&#26377;&#20102;&#20845;&#20336;&#22810;&#30340;&#27511;&#21490;&#65292;&#27530;&#21213;&#28961;&#27604; &#21151;&#24503;&#28961;&#37327;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Monlam Chenmo,  &#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/monlam-chenmo\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Monlam Chenmo<\/span>:<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/monlam-chenmo-teaching-2021-nepal\/\">https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/monlam-chenmo-teaching-2021-nepal\/<\/a><\/p><p><strong>&#28858;&#20102;&#24950;&#31069;&#34255;&#27511;&#26032;&#24180;&#21644;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great Prayer Festival;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#40664;&#26391;&#27453;&#33707;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (monlam chenmo);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Unicode&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Smon lam chen mo&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Monlam Chenmo, The Great Prayer Festival falls on the first Tibetan month. The event was established by Tsongkhapa. Monks of the great Gelug monasteries gather for prayers , rituals and teachings. Many Tibetans make pilgrims to join the festival.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31070;&#35722;&#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&#65306;&#27599;&#24180;&#34255;&#27511;&#24180;&#27491;&#26376;&#33289;&#34892;&#65288;&#27491;&#26376;&#20063;&#31281;&#28858;&#31070;&#35722;&#26376;&#65289;&#12290;&#26044;1409&#24180;&#39318;&#27425;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#28858;&#20102;&#24863;&#24681;&#32000;&#24565;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#30070;&#26178;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#36319;&#20845;&#20491;&#22806;&#36947;&#22823;&#24107;&#27604;&#36783;&#35542;&#27861;&#29702;&#21644;&#27604;&#31070;&#36890;&#31070;&#35722;&#65292;&#22312;&#30070;&#26178;&#21360;&#24230;&#24190;&#20491;&#22283;&#29579;&#21644;&#26377;&#23416;&#35672;&#20043;&#20154;&#20497;&#21450;&#22823;&#30526;&#30340;&#35211;&#35657;&#19979;&#25226;&#20845;&#20491;&#22806;&#36947;&#24107;&#38477;&#26381;&#65292;&#24456;&#22810;&#22806;&#36947;&#24107;&#24466;&#38598;&#39636;&#27512;&#20381;&#20102;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#65288;&#30070;&#26178;&#21360;&#24230;&#32722;&#20439;&#25943;&#26041;&#35201;&#38598;&#39636;&#27512;&#20381;&#21213;&#26041;&#65289;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#27511;&#21490;&#19978;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#37324;&#31243;&#30865;&#12290;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#19968;&#29983;&#20013;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#20315;&#20107;&#20043;&#19968;&#30340;&#31070;&#35722;&#31048;&#39000;&#27861;&#26371;&#12290;&#27861;&#26371;&#20839;&#23481;&#20027;&#35201;&#26159;&#20711;&#30526;&#35494;&#32147;&#31048;&#31153;&#65292;&#35611;&#25480;&#20315;&#38464;&#26412;&#29983;&#20659;&#65292;&#35611;&#32147;&#36783;&#32147;&#65292;&#30456;&#27861;&#31435;&#23447;&#65292;&#32771;&#21462;&#26032;&#30340;&#25289;&#35731;&#24052;&#26684;&#35199;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#27511;&#21490;&#19978;&#65292;&#27861;&#26371;&#28858;&#26399;&#20108;&#21313;&#22825;&#24038;&#21491;&#65292;&#37117;&#22312;&#25289;&#34217;&#22823;&#21484;&#23546;&#30427;&#22823;&#33289;&#34892;&#12290;&#20197;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#28858;&#20027;&#22235;&#26041;&#23546;&#24287;&#21644;&#20711;&#30526;&#37117;&#21487;&#20197;&#20358;&#21443;&#21152;&#20659;&#35498;&#26377;&#22909;&#24190;&#33836;&#20711;&#30526;&#21450;&#21313;&#26041;&#20358;&#26397;&#32854;&#30340;&#28961;&#25976;&#20449;&#30526;&#12290;&#26399;&#38291;&#25289;&#34217;&#24066;&#30340;&#34892;&#25919;&#27402;&#21033;&#27512;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#30340;&#37941;&#26834;&#21895;&#22043;&#25509;&#31649;&#12290;&#21487;&#30693;&#27861;&#26371;&#30340;&#37325;&#35201;&#24615;&#35215;&#27169;&#20043;&#22823;&#12290;&#21040;&#30446;&#21069;&#24050;&#32147;&#26377;&#20102;&#20845;&#20336;&#22810;&#30340;&#27511;&#21490;&#65292;&#27530;&#21213;&#28961;&#27604; &#21151;&#24503;&#28961;&#37327;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Monlam Chenmo,  &#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/monlam-chenmo\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31048;&#39000;&#22823;&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#23436;&#25104;&#20102;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kyabje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027;, &#23562;&#32773;, &#30344;&#20381;&#20027; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22025;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab je)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;: skyabs rje&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyabje is a mark of respect reserved for the senior most lamas whose realization and powers are extraordinary. The term means lord (je, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;) of refuge (kyab, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;), signifying someone who, on account of his or her extraordinary realization, has the capacity to protect us from the suffering of samsara and its causes, the disturbing emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027; \/ &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&nbsp; &#26159;&#23565;&#35657;&#24735;&#33021;&#21147;&#38750;&#20961;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#23562;&#31281;, &#20182;&#26377;&#33021;&#21147;&#20445;&#35703;&#25105;&#20497;&#20813;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#21450;&#20854;&#25104;&#22240; (&#29033;&#24817;&#24773;&#32210;) &#25152;&#24118;&#20358;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab, &#22025;) &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(je, &#20625;) &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kyabje,  &#24601;&#20027;,  &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kyabje\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24601;&#20027;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26524;&#30889;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span> &ndash; &#20462;&#24515;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Seven Points of Mind Training; &#22823;&#20056;&#20462;&#24515;&#19971;&#32681;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lojong d&ouml;n d&uuml;nma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;blo sbyongs don bdun ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana Seven Points of Mind Training is the famous set of instructions Atisha brought to Tibet and written by Kadampa master Geshe Chekawa Yeshe Dorje (1101-1175). The seven points cover: 1) the preliminaries, 2) main practice, 3) transformation of adversity, 4) life-long application of the practice, 5) measures of progress, 6) commitments, and 7) precepts.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#24515;&#19971;&#32681;&#26159;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#24118;&#21040;&#35199;&#34255;,&nbsp; &#22134;&#30070;&#27966;&#22823;&#24107;&#26684;&#35199;&middot;&#27965;&#21345;&#29926;&middot;&#30410;&#35199;&middot;&#22810;&#20625;&#65288;1101-1175&#65289;&#25776;&#23531;&#12290;&#36889;&#19971;&#20491;&#35201;&#40670;&#21253;&#25324;&#65306;1) &#21152;&#34892;&#22522;&#30990;&#27861; 2) &#20462;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; 3) &#36681;&#24801;&#32227;&#28858;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947; 4) &#19968;&#29983;&#20462;&#25345; 5) &#32020;&#29087;&#20043;&#37327; 6) &#19977;&#26151;&#32822;&nbsp; 7) &#25106;&#24459;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#19971;&#32681;,  Seven Points&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/seven-points-of-mind-training\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19971;&#32681;<\/span>&#38283;&#31034; (&#23612;&#27850;&#29246; 2021<span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"zh-TW\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">&#24180;<\/span><\/span><\/span>) &#30340;&#33521;&#25991;&#32763;&#35695;:<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/monlam-chenmo-teaching-2021-nepal\/\">https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/monlam-chenmo-teaching-2021-nepal\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-079a590 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"079a590\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"slides_to_show\":\"1\",\"navigation\":\"both\",\"autoplay\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_hover\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_interaction\":\"yes\",\"autoplay_speed\":5000,\"infinite\":\"yes\",\"effect\":\"slide\",\"speed\":500}' data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Yamantaka-400-25-03-02.jpg\" alt=\"Yamantaka 400 25-03-02\"\/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Yamantaka-400-25-03-02-eng.jpg\" alt=\"Yamantaka 400 25-03-02 eng\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e2c1c ChnTTT elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20e2c1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#20462;&#27861;&#32227;&#36215;&#33287;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;<\/strong><\/h3><p>&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dependent Origination, Dependent Arising, Interdependence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#28359;&#21746;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tendrel), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten &amp;#039;brel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten cing &amp;#039;brel bar &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;byung ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prat&#299;tyasamutp&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pratityasamutpada, Dependent arising is a key doctrine common to all schools of Buddhism: all things (inner and outer phenomena, dharmas and principles) arise in dependence upon other things.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215;&#26159;&#26997;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#27010;&#24565;: &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#28858;&#27861;&#37117;&#26159;&#22240;&#21508;&#31278;&#22240;&#32227;&#21644;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pratityasamutpada,  &#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;,  &#32227;&#36215;,  Dependent Origination,  Dependent Arising,  Interdependence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dependent-origination\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#32227;&#36215;<\/span>&#65306;&nbsp;<br>&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, Shakra; &#24093;&#37323;&#22825;, &#24093;&#37322;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gyachin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya byin, brgya sbyin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, &#346;akra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Hinduism, Indra is the king of gods residing in Amaravati, with thousand eyes on his body, holding a vajra and riding on a white elephant.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Indra is a Dharma protector who resides above Mount Meru (Sumeru), in Trayastrimsha (Thirty-Three Heaven). He was one of two gods&nbsp; (the other was Bhrama) to request Buddha to turn the wheel of dharma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#20043;&#20027;&#65292;&#36523;&#26377;&#21315;&#30524;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#38914;&#65292;&#24231;&#39438;&#28858;&#20845;&#29273;&#30333;&#35937;&#65292;&#32147;&#24120;&#29575;&#38936;&#22825;&#20154;&#33287;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#25136;&#39717;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#30340;&#31070;&#26126;&#12290;&#26366;&#32147;&#22312;&#20315;&#20311;&#25104;&#36947;&#24460;&#35531;&#20315;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#30340;&#22825;&#31070;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#20491;&#26159;&#26805;&#22825;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24093;&#37323;,  Shakra,  Indra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/indra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24093;&#37323;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great King&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#29579;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30342;&#21315;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(gyal chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MahaRaja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22825;&#29579;,  MahaRaja&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%92%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%a3%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22825;&#29579;<\/span>&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26989;&#21147;<\/span>&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#39764;<\/span>&#65288;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods; &#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha&amp;#039;i bu&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;devaputra mara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods (devaputra mara) is one of four maras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;,  Mara of sons of gods,  Devaputra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-sons-of-gods\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions, Klesamara; &#29033;&#24817;&#39764; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs kyi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kle&#347;am&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions is one of four maras,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;,  Mara of destructive emotions&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/klesamara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates; &#34314;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skandham&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;&#25351;&#30526;&#29983;&#20116;&#34314;(&#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672;)&#27083;&#25104;&#30340;&#38556;&#23475;&#65292;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21448;&#20316;&#38512;&#39764;&#12289;&#20116;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#38512;&#30028;&#20837;&#39764;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates, one of four maras, refers to our clinging to forms, perceptions, and mental states as &lsquo;real&rsquo;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara of aggregates,  &#34314;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-aggregates\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34314;&#39764;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of Death; &#27515;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3910;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;chi bdag gi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#7771;tyum&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of Death, one of four maras, cuts short precious human life and spiritual practice. It symbolizes our fear of change and impermanence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27515;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20013;&#26039;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27515;&#39764;,   Mara of Death&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-death\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27515;&#39764;<\/span>&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samadhi, Meditative Absorption, One-Pointed Meditation&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;, &#31146;&#23450; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#19969;&#20839;&#20170; \/ &#38651;&#22686;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3919;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3908;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ting nge dzin), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3919;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ting dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ting nge &amp;#039;dzin, ting &amp;#039;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samadhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samadhi, meditative absorption or one-pointed meditation, is the highest perfect concentration state of mind. The mind is concentrated on a single object and gradually calmed until the distinction between the object and the meditator disappears. This is the realization of non-dualism. Samadhi is one of five object-determining mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;&#26159;&#26159;&#31146;&#20462;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#23560;&#27880;&#26044;&#21934;&#19968;&#23565;&#22659;&#32780;&#19988;&#28472;&#19981;&#25955;&#20098;&#65292;&#23436;&#20840;&#27887;&#38500;&#23565;&#22659;&#33287;&#31146;&#20462;&#32773;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#35657;&#24471;&#19981;&#20108;&#12290;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;&#26159;&#20116;&#21029;&#22659;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#19977;&#25705;&#22320;,  Samadhi, &#31146;&#23450;,  &#3919;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samadhi\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31146;&#23450;<\/span>&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22727;&#22478;<\/span>&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#39764;<\/span>&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20379;&#39178;<\/span>&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;<\/p><ul><li>&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods; &#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha&amp;#039;i bu&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;devaputra mara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of sons of gods (devaputra mara) is one of four maras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;,  Mara of sons of gods,  Devaputra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-sons-of-gods\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Torma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26421;&#29802;, &#39135;&#23376;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(torma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gtor ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Balingha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Torma is a offering cake made from barley flour (tsampa), butter, coloured dyes and other ingredients such as egg, milk, cheese, sugar, honey. Tormas are used in many Tibetan Buddhism rituals such as:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;on a shrine to represent deities&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as offering tormas for deities, dharmapala, or obstructing spirits&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;consumed by practitioners&nbsp;in feast practices and as offering to lower beings after being blessed&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;to remove obstacles and&nbsp;obstructing spirits as part of a ritual&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as medicinal torma to extract illness and obstacles from patients and then cast away.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#26421;&#29802;, &#39135;&#23376;&#26159;&#29992;&#22823;&#40613;&#22902;&#27833;&#21644;&#31958;&#31561;&#35069;&#20316;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20736;&#24335;&#29289;&#21697;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&#26412;&#23562;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#35937;&#24501;&#38500;&#21435;&#38556;&#31001;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20316;&#28858;&#39135;&#29992;&#21450;&#34277;&#29992;&#39135;&#23376;&#25110;&#20379;&#39178;&#19979;&#31561;&#30526;&#29983;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Torma,  &#26421;&#29802;,  &#39135;&#23376;,  Balingha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/torma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#39135;&#23376;<\/span>&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;<\/li><li>&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates; &#34314;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po&amp;#039;i bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skandham&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;&#25351;&#30526;&#29983;&#20116;&#34314;(&#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672;)&#27083;&#25104;&#30340;&#38556;&#23475;&#65292;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21448;&#20316;&#38512;&#39764;&#12289;&#20116;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#38512;&#30028;&#20837;&#39764;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of aggregates, one of four maras, refers to our clinging to forms, perceptions, and mental states as &lsquo;real&rsquo;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara of aggregates,  &#34314;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-aggregates\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34314;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tsa tsa; &#25830;&#25830;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3929;&#3851;&#3929;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tsa tsa);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tsa tsa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;satch&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tsa tsa is a tablet or icon of a deity or lineage master made from clay.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25830;&#25830;&#26159;&#20379;&#22857;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#20659;&#25215;&#22823;&#24107;&#30340;&#27877;&#29256;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tsa tsa,  &#25830;&#25830;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%99%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%99\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25830;&#25830;<\/span>(<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stupa, Chorten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#22612;, &#21330;&#22612;&#23110;, &#33293;&#21033;&#22612;, &#28014;&#23648;&#22612;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(choe ten); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod rten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A stupa (chorten) is a Buddhist shrine with mount like&nbsp; central structure containing statues and\/or relics of Buddha or great bodhisattvas. Usually,&nbsp; there is a surrounding terraces or circumambulation path around the shrine.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20315;&#22612;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#24314;&#31689;&#65292;&#20013;&#22830;&#20984;&#36215;&#30340;&#32854;&#22612;&#20379;&#22857;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#25110;&#25110;&#22823;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#33293;&#21033;&#25110;&#36986;&#29289;&#12290;&#21608;&#22285;&#26377;&#19968;&#36899;&#20018;&#38542;&#26799;&#25110;&#32350;&#24465;&#21253;&#22285;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Stupa,  &#20315;&#22612;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/stupa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#22612;<\/span>)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;<\/li><li>&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions, Klesamara; &#29033;&#24817;&#39764; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs kyi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kle&#347;am&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of destructive emotions is one of four maras,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;,  Mara of destructive emotions&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/klesamara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;<\/li><li>&#28858;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara of Death; &#27515;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3910;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;();&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;chi bdag gi bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#7771;tyum&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara of Death, one of four maras, cuts short precious human life and spiritual practice. It symbolizes our fear of change and impermanence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27515;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#39764;&#26159;&#22235;&#39764;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20013;&#26039;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27515;&#39764;,   Mara of Death&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara-of-death\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27515;&#39764;<\/span>&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;<\/li><\/ul><p>&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span>&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nagarjuna,  &#40845;&#27193;,  &#40845;&#29467;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#40845;&#29467;<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nagarjuna,  &#40845;&#27193;,  &#40845;&#29467;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#40845;&#27193;<\/span>) <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nagarjuna,  &#40845;&#27193;,  &#40845;&#29467;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#40845;&#29467;<\/span>&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pandita, Learned one; &#23416;&#32773;, &#29677;&#26234;&#36948; (&#20811;&#24052;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3905;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkhas pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pandita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pandita is a scholar who has mastered the five sciences in Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#26159;&#23416;&#35672;&#28149;&#21338;&#31934;&#36890;&#20116;&#26126;&#30340;&#22823;&#23416;&#32773;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pandita,  &#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/pandita\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;<\/span>&#21450;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3926;&#3853;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (druptop);&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Siddha is an accomplished Buddhist practitioner.\n&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20491;&#26377;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#20315;&#36947;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;,  Siddha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/siddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;<\/span>&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lotsawa, Translator&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35695;&#24107;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#32645;&#26413;&#29926;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3929;&#3953;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Lotsawa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lo tsA ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lotsawa is a title for a Tibetan translator. Famous lotsawas in history include:&nbsp;Rinchen Zangpo and Marpa Lotsawa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35695;&#24107;&#26159;&#25351;&#20855;&#20633;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#39511;&#30340;&#32147;&#35542;&#32763;&#35695;&#32773;&#65292;&#33879;&#21517;&#30340;&#26377;: &#20161;&#27453;&#26705;&#24067;&#65292;&#39340;&#29246;&#24052;&#35695;&#24107;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Translator,  Lotsawa,  &#35695;&#24107;,  &#32645;&#26413;&#29926;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lotsawa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35695;&#24107;<\/span>&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;,  &#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;,  &#21895;&#22043;&#25945;,  Tibetan Buddhism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Element, Realm&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#31278;, &#22235;&#22823;, &#20116;&#22823;, &#20845;&#22823;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhatu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In Buddhism, all matters are made up from four basic elements: earth, water, fire and air. Space (ether) and consciousness are sometimes included as the fifth and sixth elements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#26159;&#27083;&#25104;&#19990;&#30028;&#29289;&#36074;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#20803;&#32032;: &#22320;&#12289;&#27700;&#12289;&#28779;&#12289;&#39080;&#12290;&#21152;&#19978;&amp;quot;&#34395;&#31354;&amp;quot;&#25104;&#20116;&#22823;&#12290;&#21152;&#19978;&amp;quot;&#35672;&amp;quot;&#25104;&#20845;&#22823;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kham; &#24247;&#21312;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24247;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kham is one of the three traditional regions of Tibet, the others being Amdo in the northeast, and &Uuml;-Tsang in central Tibet.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24247;&#21312;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#19977;&#22823;&#20659;&#32113;&#22320;&#21312;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;(&#20854;&#20182;&#26159;&#34907;&#34255;&#21450;&#23433;&#22810;)&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22823;&#31278;,  &#22235;&#22823;,  &#20845;&#22823;,  Dhatu&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dhatu\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#22823;<\/span>&#25945;&#27966;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#20854;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;<br>&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Two obscurations&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20108;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21363;&#27877;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3954;&#3926;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3954;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(drip nyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrib gnyis&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Two obscurations,  &#20108;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/two-obscurations\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20108;&#38556;<\/span>&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five kasaya; &#20116;&#28609;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;..&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; ();&nbsp; Wylie: ; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pa&ntilde;ca kas&#257;y&#257;h&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20116;&#28609;&#25351;&#20116;&#31278;&#19981;&#28136;&#20043;&#27861;: Five kasaya periods of Chaos and decay:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21163;&#28609;, kalpa kasaya, degeneration of age (wars and natural calamities frequently take place)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35211;&#28609;, drsti kasaya, degeneration of views (wrong and perverse thoughts and ideas become predominant)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#28609;, klesa kasaya, degeneration of moral conduct&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30526;&#29983;&#28609;, sattva kasaya, degeneration of condition of human being (people are mostly in a sorrowful condition)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21629;&#28609;, ayu kasaya, degeneration of life span&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20116;&#28609;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/five-kasaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20116;&#28609;<\/span>&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span>&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26989;&#38556;<\/span>&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ritual; &#20736;&#36556;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31179;&#32102;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3851;&#3906;&#3936;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho gey);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;cho ga&amp;#039;i&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20736;&#36556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%b2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20736;&#36556;<\/span>&#22914;&#27861;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Confess&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25082;&#24724; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22799;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(shag pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bshags pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25082;&#24724;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/confess\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25082;&#24724;<\/span>&#32618;&#22702;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26989;&#38556;<\/span>&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ten directions&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#26041; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31179;&#20037;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#4017;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chok chu); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phyogs bcu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dashadika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ten directions are the four cardinal directions (east, south, west, north), their intermediate directions (southeast, southwest, northwest, northeast), plus up and down.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21313;&#26041;&#26159;&#22235;&#22522;&#26412;&#26041;&#20301;(&#26481;&#12289;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#12289;&#21271;&#65289;&#65292;&#22235;&#20013;&#38291;&#26041;&#20301;&#65288;&#26481;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#21271;&#12289;&#26481;&#21271;&#65289;&#65292;&#21450;&#19978;&#19979;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21313;&#26041;,  Dashadika,  Ten directions&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%95%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%b4\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#21313;&#26041;<\/span>&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dakini, Khandroma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#33660;&#21513;&#23612;, &#24247;&#21331;&#29802;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3905;&#3936;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khandroma), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3916;&#3953;&#3851;&#3904;&#3954;&#3851;&#3923;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dakini); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkha&amp;#039; &amp;#039;gro ma, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;DA ki nI&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#7692;&#257;kin&#299;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Khandroma or Dakini (sky goer) is a female (human yogini or manifestation of an enlightened mind) who has attained high realization, embodiment of enlightened energy. In Tibetan, khandroma means &amp;quot;sky dancer&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;she who moves in space or sky&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a dakini sometimes appear as consort of a deity to help practitioners attain blissful awareness of emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Khandroma&nbsp;is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597;&#26159;&#35657;&#24471;&#39640;&#24230;&#35258;&#24735;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#29788;&#20285;&#22899;&#25110;&#38750;&#20154;&#39006;&#12290;&#34255;&#35486;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#22825;&#31354;&#33310;&#32773;&rdquo;&#12290; &amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20013;&#65292;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597;&#26377;&#26178;&#26371;&#20197;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#20986;&#29694;&#65292;&#20197;&#24171;&#21161;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#35657;&#24735;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24247;&#21331;&#29802;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Dakini,  Khandroma,  &#31354;&#34892;,  &#33660;&#21513;&#23612;,  &#24247;&#21331;&#29802;,   &#3916;&#3953;&#3851;&#3904;&#3954;&#3851;&#3923;&#3953;&#3954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dakini\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31354;&#34892;<\/span>&#12289; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala, Khandro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21331;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3928;&#3905;&#3936;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khandro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkha&amp;#039; &amp;#039;gro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A Dharmapala (khandro) is a Dharma Protector in Buddhism. In Vajrayana, Dharmapalas are often depicted in fearsome appearance but are embodiments of compassion that act a wrathful way for the benefits of sentient beings. Their main function is to avert inner and outer obstacles that prevent Buddhist practitioners from attainment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25110;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#23565;&#25239;&#20839;&#22806;&#38556;&#31001;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35703;&#27861;,  &#24247;&#21331;,  Dharmapala,  Khandro,  Protector&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/protector-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35703;&#27861;<\/span>&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Six Classes of Beings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#4018;&#3956;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rik druk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rigs drug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sadgati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;According to Buddhist cosmology, all beings exist in six realms. The Six Classes of Beings (sadgati) are:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;gods (deva) &#22825;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;demi-gods (asura) &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;human beings (manusya) &#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;animals (tiryag) &#30044;&#29983;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hungry ghosts (preta) &#39187;&#39740;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hell beings (naraka) &#22320;&#29508;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe first 3 belong to the upper realms and the bottom 3 belong to lower realms.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Beings in all six realms exist in samsara, cycle continually through birth and death until attain nirvana. The type of rebirth of a being is determined by karma, actions in the current and previous lives.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sadgati,  &#20845;&#36947;,  Six Realms,  Six Classes of Beings&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sadgati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20845;&#36947;<\/span>&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#39764;<\/span>&#35519;&#20239;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21650;<\/span>&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;<\/span>&#38500;&#38556;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#65307;&#26368;&#22823;&#21033;&#30410;&#21270;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#21443;&#21152;&#65292;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#19981;&#21487;&#24605;&#35696;&#65292;&#21443;&#21152;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#35531;&#21508;&#33258;&#38928;&#20633;:<br>&#12304;1&#12305;&#35531;&#20197;&#20491;&#20154;&#28858;&#21934;&#20301;&#65292;&#21098;&#19979;&#23569;&#35377;&#65306;&#25351;&#30002;&#23633;, &#38957;&#39662;, &#19968;&#23567;&#29255;&#36028;&#36523;&#24179;&#26178;&#24120;&#31359;&#30340;&#34915;&#26381;&#19968;&#35282;&#65292;&#21152;&#30828;&#24163;&#19968;&#26522;&#19968;&#36215;&#35037;&#20837;&#19968;&#20491;&#32005;&#33394;&#25110;&#30333;&#33394;&#32025;&#34955;&#65292;&#20999;&#21247;&#29992;&#22846;&#23376;&#34955;&#65288;&#20999;&#21247; &#29992;&#23494;&#23553;&#22609;&#33184;&#34955;&#65289;<br>&#12304;2&#12305;&#32025;&#34955;&#23553;&#38754;&#35531;&#23531;&#19978;&#22995;&#21517;&#65292;&#24180;&#27506;&#65292;&#29983;&#32918;&#12290;<br>&#12304;3&#12305;&#30070;&#26085;&#24118;&#21040;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#30340;&#38500;&#38556;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a65087 EngTTT -ChnTTT elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a65087\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">The Origin and Benefits of the Four Hundred Offerings Practice<\/h3><p>The Four Hundred <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Offering<\/span>s practice is a profound method for purifying <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">four maras<\/span>, leading to the flourishing of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>, the elimination of a<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;2, The number two; &#20108; (&#23612;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3874;, &#3906;&#3913;&#3954;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(nyi); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dve&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3874;,  Dve&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dve<\/span>rsities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span>.<\/p><p>(1) Origin of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">400 offering<\/span>s<\/p><p>It is said that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, Shakra; &#24093;&#37323;&#22825;, &#24093;&#37322;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gyachin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya byin, brgya sbyin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, &#346;akra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Hinduism, Indra is the king of gods residing in Amaravati, with thousand eyes on his body, holding a vajra and riding on a white elephant.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Indra is a Dharma protector who resides above Mount Meru (Sumeru), in Trayastrimsha (Thirty-Three Heaven). He was one of two gods&nbsp; (the other was Bhrama) to request Buddha to turn the wheel of dharma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#20043;&#20027;&#65292;&#36523;&#26377;&#21315;&#30524;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#38914;&#65292;&#24231;&#39438;&#28858;&#20845;&#29273;&#30333;&#35937;&#65292;&#32147;&#24120;&#29575;&#38936;&#22825;&#20154;&#33287;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#25136;&#39717;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#30340;&#31070;&#26126;&#12290;&#26366;&#32147;&#22312;&#20315;&#20311;&#25104;&#36947;&#24460;&#35531;&#20315;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#30340;&#22825;&#31070;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#20491;&#26159;&#26805;&#22825;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24093;&#37323;,  Shakra,  Indra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/indra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakra<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, Shakra; &#24093;&#37323;&#22825;, &#24093;&#37322;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gyachin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya byin, brgya sbyin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Indra, &#346;akra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Hinduism, Indra is the king of gods residing in Amaravati, with thousand eyes on his body, holding a vajra and riding on a white elephant.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Indra is a Dharma protector who resides above Mount Meru (Sumeru), in Trayastrimsha (Thirty-Three Heaven). He was one of two gods&nbsp; (the other was Bhrama) to request Buddha to turn the wheel of dharma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#26159;&#27442;&#30028;&#24521;&#21033;&#22825;&#20043;&#20027;&#65292;&#36523;&#26377;&#21315;&#30524;&#65292;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#38914;&#65292;&#24231;&#39438;&#28858;&#20845;&#29273;&#30333;&#35937;&#65292;&#32147;&#24120;&#29575;&#38936;&#22825;&#20154;&#33287;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#25136;&#39717;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#30340;&#31070;&#26126;&#12290;&#26366;&#32147;&#22312;&#20315;&#20311;&#25104;&#36947;&#24460;&#35531;&#20315;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#30340;&#22825;&#31070;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#20491;&#26159;&#26805;&#22825;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24093;&#37323;,  Shakra,  Indra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/indra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Indra<\/span>), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Maras, Four demonic forces; &#22235;&#39764;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du zhi);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud-bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four maras are the four types of obstacles that one must overcome on the path to liberation and enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36973;&#36935;&#30340;&#22235;&#31278;&#38556;&#31001;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764; Mara of destructive emotions \/ afflictions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#34314;&#39764;\/&#36523;&#24515;&#39764; Mara of aggregates&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#39764; Mara of Death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764; Mara of sons of gods \/ Devaputra&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four Maras,  &#22235;&#39764;,  &#26460;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-maras\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">four Maras<\/span> &nbsp;(the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;God&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#36947;, &#22825;&#20154; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#25289;, &#36845;&#29926;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lha), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#4023;&#3962;&#3851;&#3933;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dewa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha, d+he wa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;God (deva) is highest of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology. They are reborn as gods because of the merits and good karma accumulated in past lives.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;God realm has many levels of heavens:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Arupyadhatu (Formless Realm)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Arupachara (Form Realm)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Kamadhatu (Desire Realm)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nGods may reborn in to lower realms when they die if they consumed all their past merits.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#20154;&#26159;&#26368;&#39640;&#32026;&#30340;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#20294;&#20173;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20839;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3921;&#4023;&#3962;&#3851;&#3933;,  &#22825;&#20154;,  &#22825;&#36947;,  Deva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/deva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">deva<\/span>s, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five Aggregates&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#20116;&#34314;: &#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672; (&#26379;&#27874;&#32013;);&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (pung po nga); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po lnga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pancaskandha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Five aggregates are the basic transformations that perceptions undergo when an object is perceived. They are the mental factors that are the basis of self grasping:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#12300;&#22534;&#12301;&#65292;&#30070;&#19968;&#20491;&#23565;&#22659;&#34987;&#24863;&#30693;&#26178;&#65292;&#35469;&#30693;&#32147;&#27511;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#36681;&#35722;&#12290;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;forms of physical phenomena (rupa) &#33394;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sensation (vedana) &#21463;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;perception (samjna) &#24819;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;formations (samskara) &#34892;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;primary consciousness (vijnana) &#35672;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Skandha,  Aggregate,  &#34314;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/aggregate-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aggregate<\/span>s, and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span> for salvation. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span> then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mandala<\/span>. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generosity, Jinpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20170;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sbyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dana paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generosity (Dana paramita) is one of the Six Perfections. Jinpa is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Chinpa, Djinpa, Jimpa.\n&#24067;&#26045;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20170;&#24052; \/ &#37329;&#24052; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24067;&#26045;,  &#20296;&#26045;,  Generosity,  Dana Paramita,  &#37329;&#24052;,  &#20170;&#24052;,  Jinpa,  Chinpa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generosity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generosity<\/span>, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span>s. He arranged four types of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span>s, each consisting of one hundred items:<\/p><ul><li>To eliminate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;God&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#36947;, &#22825;&#20154; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#25289;, &#36845;&#29926;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lha), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#4023;&#3962;&#3851;&#3933;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dewa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha, d+he wa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;God (deva) is highest of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology. They are reborn as gods because of the merits and good karma accumulated in past lives.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;God realm has many levels of heavens:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Arupyadhatu (Formless Realm)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Arupachara (Form Realm)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Kamadhatu (Desire Realm)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nGods may reborn in to lower realms when they die if they consumed all their past merits.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#20154;&#26159;&#26368;&#39640;&#32026;&#30340;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#20294;&#20173;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20839;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3921;&#4023;&#3962;&#3851;&#3933;,  &#22825;&#20154;,  &#22825;&#36947;,  Deva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/deva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">deva<\/span>s, he offered one hundred <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Torma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26421;&#29802;, &#39135;&#23376;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(torma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gtor ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Balingha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Torma is a offering cake made from barley flour (tsampa), butter, coloured dyes and other ingredients such as egg, milk, cheese, sugar, honey. Tormas are used in many Tibetan Buddhism rituals such as:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;on a shrine to represent deities&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as offering tormas for deities, dharmapala, or obstructing spirits&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;consumed by practitioners&nbsp;in feast practices and as offering to lower beings after being blessed&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;to remove obstacles and&nbsp;obstructing spirits as part of a ritual&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as medicinal torma to extract illness and obstacles from patients and then cast away.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#26421;&#29802;, &#39135;&#23376;&#26159;&#29992;&#22823;&#40613;&#22902;&#27833;&#21644;&#31958;&#31561;&#35069;&#20316;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20736;&#24335;&#29289;&#21697;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&#26412;&#23562;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#35937;&#24501;&#38500;&#21435;&#38556;&#31001;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20316;&#28858;&#39135;&#29992;&#21450;&#34277;&#29992;&#39135;&#23376;&#25110;&#20379;&#39178;&#19979;&#31561;&#30526;&#29983;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Torma,  &#26421;&#29802;,  &#39135;&#23376;,  Balingha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/torma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">torma<\/span>s (ritual <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Food Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39135; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21332;&#33394;, &#20839;&#23041;&#36845; ); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3939;&#3851;&#3935;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(zhal zas), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3923;&#3962;&#3962;&#3851;&#3933;&#3954;&#3921;&#4017;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (newidye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhal zas, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ne+e wid+ye&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Naivedya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Food Offering (naivedya) is one of eight outer sense offerings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39135;&#26159;&#20843;&#20379;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Naivedye,  &#3923;&#3962;&#3962;&#3851;&#3933;&#3954;&#3921;&#4017;&#3962;,  &#20379;&#39135;,  Food Offering&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/food-offering\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">food offering<\/span>s), white colour East direction.<\/li><li>To eliminate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five Aggregates&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#20116;&#34314;: &#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672; (&#26379;&#27874;&#32013;);&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (pung po nga); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po lnga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pancaskandha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Five aggregates are the basic transformations that perceptions undergo when an object is perceived. They are the mental factors that are the basis of self grasping:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#12300;&#22534;&#12301;&#65292;&#30070;&#19968;&#20491;&#23565;&#22659;&#34987;&#24863;&#30693;&#26178;&#65292;&#35469;&#30693;&#32147;&#27511;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#36681;&#35722;&#12290;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;forms of physical phenomena (rupa) &#33394;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sensation (vedana) &#21463;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;perception (samjna) &#24819;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;formations (samskara) &#34892;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;primary consciousness (vijnana) &#35672;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Skandha,  Aggregate,  &#34314;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/aggregate-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aggregate<\/span>s, he offered one hundred small clay <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stupa, Chorten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#22612;, &#21330;&#22612;&#23110;, &#33293;&#21033;&#22612;, &#28014;&#23648;&#22612;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(choe ten); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod rten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A stupa (chorten) is a Buddhist shrine with mount like&nbsp; central structure containing statues and\/or relics of Buddha or great bodhisattvas. Usually,&nbsp; there is a surrounding terraces or circumambulation path around the shrine.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20315;&#22612;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#24314;&#31689;&#65292;&#20013;&#22830;&#20984;&#36215;&#30340;&#32854;&#22612;&#20379;&#22857;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#25110;&#25110;&#22823;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#33293;&#21033;&#25110;&#36986;&#29289;&#12290;&#21608;&#22285;&#26377;&#19968;&#36899;&#20018;&#38542;&#26799;&#25110;&#32350;&#24465;&#21253;&#22285;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Stupa,  &#20315;&#22612;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/stupa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stupa<\/span>s (tsa-tsas ), colour yellow South direction<\/li><li>To eliminate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s, he offered one hundred butter lamps, red colour west direction.<\/li><li>To eliminate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span> of death, he offered one hundred <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">human<\/span> form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour north direction<\/li><\/ul><p>This is the origin of the &laquo;&nbsp;Four Hundred <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Offering<\/span>s.&nbsp;&raquo; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nagarjuna,  &#40845;&#27193;,  &#40845;&#29467;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Nagarjuna<\/span>, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lotsawa, Translator&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35695;&#24107;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#32645;&#26413;&#29926;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3929;&#3953;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Lotsawa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lo tsA ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lotsawa is a title for a Tibetan translator. Famous lotsawas in history include:&nbsp;Rinchen Zangpo and Marpa Lotsawa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35695;&#24107;&#26159;&#25351;&#20855;&#20633;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#39511;&#30340;&#32147;&#35542;&#32763;&#35695;&#32773;&#65292;&#33879;&#21517;&#30340;&#26377;: &#20161;&#27453;&#26705;&#24067;&#65292;&#39340;&#29246;&#24052;&#35695;&#24107;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Translator,  Lotsawa,  &#35695;&#24107;,  &#32645;&#26413;&#29926;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lotsawa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">translator<\/span> Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;,  &#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;,  &#21895;&#22043;&#25945;,  Tibetan Buddhism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Tibetan Buddhism<\/span>.<\/p><p>(2) Merits and Benefits of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;400 Offerings, Gyabshi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21152;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Gyabshi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgya bzhi;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#19968;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#32227;&#36215;&#65306;\n&#30456;&#20659;&#65292;&#24093;&#37323;&#22825;&#29579;&#22240;&#24448;&#26132;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#25307;&#33268;&#22235;&#39764;&#65288;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#12289;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#12289;&#34314;&#39764;&#12289;&#27515;&#39764;&#65289;&#20405;&#25854;&#65292;&#30171;&#33510;&#33836;&#20998;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;&#20315;&#38464;&#25937;&#35703;&#12290; &#20315;&#38464;&#21363;&#20837;&#29978;&#28145;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#21270;&#29694;&#24291;&#22823;&#22727;&#22478;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#32080;&#21213;&#26045;&#21360;&#65292;&#20197;&#22235;&#25351;&#23574;&#21246;&#21484;&#22235;&#39764;&#65292;&#38515;&#35373;&#22235;&#39006;&#20379;&#39178;&#29289;&#21697;&#65292;&#21508;&#26377;&#30334;&#31278;&#65306;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#22825;&#23376;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491; &#39135;&#23376;&#65307;&#30333;&#33394;&#26481;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#34314;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#23567;&#25830;&#25830;(&#20315;&#22612;)&#65307;&#40643;&#33394;&#21335;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#30430;&#29128;&#65307;&#32005;&#33394;&#35199;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28858;&#38500;&#27515;&#39764;&#25925;&#65292;&#20379;&#19968;&#30334;&#20491;&#26367;&#36523;&#33467;&#20687;&#31561;&#12290;&#40657;&#33394;&#21271;&#26041;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#27492;&#21363;&#12300;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#12301;&#30340;&#30001;&#20358;&#12290;&#20854;&#24460;&#65292;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#36670;&#36681;&#20659;&#33267;&#32854;&#40845;&#29467; (&#40845;&#27193;) &#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#35079;&#30001;&#40845;&#29467;&#20659;&#25480;&#20104;&#21360;&#24230;&#35576;&#20301;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#21450;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#20315;&#26234;&#22823;&#35695;&#24107;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#36941;&#20659;&#26044;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#22235;&#22823; &#25945;&#27966;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#65288;&#20108;&#65289;&#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#65306;\n&#27442;&#35657;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#38656;&#26039;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#12289;&#25152;&#30693;&#20108;&#38556;&#65292;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#12289;&#27861;&#20108;&#36523;&#20043;&#22240;&#9472;&#9472;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#12290; &#21363;&#26044;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#19990;&#38291;&#36039;&#29983;&#65292;&#28961;&#19981;&#38656;&#35201;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290; &#26178;&#20540;&#26411;&#27861;&#65292;&#20116;&#28609;&#24801;&#19990;&#65292;&#21566;&#36649;&#25152;&#36973;&#36898;&#20043;&#30142;&#30149;&#12289;&#39717;&#35533;&#12289;&#28797;&#21380;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#31561;&#65292;&#20134;&#36611;&#24448;&#26132;&#28858;&#30427;&#65292;&#33995;&#20197;&#31119;&#26085;&#34180;&#12289;&#24935;&#26085;&#28154;&#65292;&#32780;&#29033;&#24817;&#26085;&#30410;&#29118;&#30427;&#25925;&#12290; &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&#31155;&#35299;&#38500;&#38556;&#27861;&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24935;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#27861;&#20381;&#20736;&#36556;&#22914;&#27861;&#25082;&#24724;&#32618;&#22702;&#26989;&#38556;&#65292;&#19988;&#19978;&#20379;&#21313;&#26041;&#35576;&#20315;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#31354;&#34892;&#12289; &#35703;&#27861;&#65292;&#19979;&#26045;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#21450;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#39749;&#65292;&#21487;&#20196;&#22235;&#36051;&#24709;&#36275;&#65292;&#22235;&#39764;&#35519;&#20239;&#12290; &#35443;&#35328;&#20043;&#65306;&#21270;&#35299;&#20900;&#35242;&#20661;&#20027;&#29309;&#32399;&#65292;&#23565;&#27835;&#24801;&#31526;&#21650;&#35419;&#20663;&#23475;&#65292;&#21046;&#36864;&#30428;&#36042;&#24616;&#25973;&#12289;&#37034;&#39764;&#39740;&#31071;&#20405;&#23475;&#65292;&#28040;&#38500;&#31278;&#31278;&#38750;&#26178;&#27243;&#27515;&#12289;&#22825;&#28797;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21450;&#20854;&#20182;&#19968;&#20999;&#36949;&#32227;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20196;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#21513;&#31077;&#24471;&#20197;&#22686;&#30427; &#24291;&#22823;&#65292;&#20006;&#21487;&#22686;&#38263;&#31119;&#24503;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#22570;&#28858;&#29554;&#24471;&#22686;&#19978;&#29983;&#21450;&#27770;&#23450;&#21892;&#20043;&#21161;&#20276;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a profound method for purifying negative karma, removing obstacles, and accumulating merit and wisdom. It subdues the four maras, leading to the flourishing of the Dharma, the elimination of adversities, and the enhancement of spiritual and worldly well-being. This practice serves as a powerful support for attaining both temporary happiness and ultimate enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(1) Origin of 400 offerings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is said that Shakra (Indra), the King of the Gods, due to past karmic forces, was tormented by the four Maras &nbsp;(the demon of the devas, the demon of afflictions, the demon of the aggregates, and the demon of death), causing him immense suffering. He prayed to the Buddha for salvation. The Buddha then entered a profound meditative state and manifested an expansive mandala. With his right hand forming the gesture of supreme generosity, he used the tips of his four fingers to summon the four demons. He arranged four types of offerings, each consisting of one hundred items:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the devas, he offered one hundred tormas (ritual food offerings), White colour East direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of the aggregates, he offered one hundred small clay stupas (tsa-tsas ), Yellow colour South direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of afflictions, he offered one hundred butter lamps, Red colour West direction.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;To eliminate the demon of death, he offered one hundred human form effigies (substitute figures). Black colour North direction&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThis is the origin of the &amp;quot;Four Hundred Offerings.&amp;quot; Later, this extraordinary practice was transmitted to the great sage Nagarjuna, who passed it on to various Indian pandits and accomplished practitioners. It was subsequently brought to Tibet by the great translator Buddhisri and has since spread widely across the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(2) Merits and Benefits of 400 offerings:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To attain Buddhahood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a Buddha&mdash;the form body (Rupakaya) and the truth body (Dharmakaya)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the Dharma or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our afflictions are growing increasingly intense.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Four Hundred Offerings practice is a powerful method for purifying negative karma, eliminating obstacles, and increasing merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The offerings are made to the Buddhas of the ten directions, yidams, bodhisattvas, &#7693;akinis, and protectors above, while below, they are dedicated to sentient beings of the six realms, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four demons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Specifically, the benefits include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other adversities.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Promoting the flourishing of the Dharma and auspiciousness.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Increasing merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher rebirths and ultimate spiritual goals.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;400 Offering,  Gyabshi,  &#22235;&#30334;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/400-offerings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">400 offering<\/span>s:<\/p><p>To attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood, one must eliminate all afflictive and cognitive obscurations and perfect the causes for achieving the two bodies of a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&mdash;the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33394;&#36523;,  Form Body,  Rupakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">form body<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33394;&#36523;,  Form Body,  Rupakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Rupakaya<\/span>) and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#36523;,  Truth Body,  Dharmakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">truth body<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#36523;,  Truth Body,  Dharmakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharmakaya<\/span>)&mdash;which are the two accumulations of merit and wisdom. Whether practicing the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> or engaging in worldly activities, both require merit and wisdom.<\/p><p>In this degenerate age, plagued by the five corruptions, the diseases, conflicts, calamities, and obstacles we face are more severe than ever before. This is because our merit is diminishing, our wisdom is shallow, and our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s are growing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paustika, Increasing, Expand, Fill, Spread&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22686;&#38263;, &#20805;&#28415;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(gyepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyas pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paustika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paustika, one of four enlightening activities of a Buddha, is the Tantric practice activity to increase merits and longevity for the benefits of all beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22686;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#22235;&#31278;&#20107;&#26989;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22686;&#38263;&#29983;&#21629;&#12289;&#21517;&#32882;&#12289;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22320;&#20301;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12289;&#24904;&#24754;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Paustika&#3851;,  &#22686;&#27861;,  Increasing&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/increasing\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">increasing<\/span>ly intense.<\/p><p>The Four Hundred <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Offering<\/span>s practice is a powerful method for purifying <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, eliminating obstacles, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paustika, Increasing, Expand, Fill, Spread&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22686;&#38263;, &#20805;&#28415;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(gyepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyas pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paustika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paustika, one of four enlightening activities of a Buddha, is the Tantric practice activity to increase merits and longevity for the benefits of all beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22686;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#22235;&#31278;&#20107;&#26989;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22686;&#38263;&#29983;&#21629;&#12289;&#21517;&#32882;&#12289;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22320;&#20301;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12289;&#24904;&#24754;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Paustika&#3851;,  &#22686;&#27861;,  Increasing&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/increasing\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">increasing<\/span> merit and wisdom. Through this practice, one follows the prescribed ritual to sincerely repent of negativities and karmic obscurations. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span>s are made to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ten directions&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#26041; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31179;&#20037;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#4017;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chok chu); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phyogs bcu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dashadika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ten directions are the four cardinal directions (east, south, west, north), their intermediate directions (southeast, southwest, northwest, northeast), plus up and down.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21313;&#26041;&#26159;&#22235;&#22522;&#26412;&#26041;&#20301;(&#26481;&#12289;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#12289;&#21271;&#65289;&#65292;&#22235;&#20013;&#38291;&#26041;&#20301;&#65288;&#26481;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#21335;&#12289;&#35199;&#21271;&#12289;&#26481;&#21271;&#65289;&#65292;&#21450;&#19978;&#19979;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21313;&#26041;,  Dashadika,  Ten directions&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%95%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%b4\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ten directions<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">yidam<\/span>s, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dakini, Khandroma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#33660;&#21513;&#23612;, &#24247;&#21331;&#29802;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3905;&#3936;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khandroma), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3916;&#3953;&#3851;&#3904;&#3954;&#3851;&#3923;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dakini); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkha&amp;#039; &amp;#039;gro ma, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;DA ki nI&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#7692;&#257;kin&#299;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Khandroma or Dakini (sky goer) is a female (human yogini or manifestation of an enlightened mind) who has attained high realization, embodiment of enlightened energy. In Tibetan, khandroma means &amp;quot;sky dancer&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;she who moves in space or sky&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a dakini sometimes appear as consort of a deity to help practitioners attain blissful awareness of emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Khandroma&nbsp;is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597;&#26159;&#35657;&#24471;&#39640;&#24230;&#35258;&#24735;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#29788;&#20285;&#22899;&#25110;&#38750;&#20154;&#39006;&#12290;&#34255;&#35486;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#22825;&#31354;&#33310;&#32773;&rdquo;&#12290; &amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20013;&#65292;&#31354;&#34892;&#27597;&#26377;&#26178;&#26371;&#20197;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#20986;&#29694;&#65292;&#20197;&#24171;&#21161;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#35657;&#24735;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24247;&#21331;&#29802;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Dakini,  Khandroma,  &#31354;&#34892;,  &#33660;&#21513;&#23612;,  &#24247;&#21331;&#29802;,   &#3916;&#3953;&#3851;&#3904;&#3954;&#3851;&#3923;&#3953;&#3954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dakini\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dakini<\/span>s, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala, Khandro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21331;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3928;&#3905;&#3936;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khandro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mkha&amp;#039; &amp;#039;gro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmapala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A Dharmapala (khandro) is a Dharma Protector in Buddhism. In Vajrayana, Dharmapalas are often depicted in fearsome appearance but are embodiments of compassion that act a wrathful way for the benefits of sentient beings. Their main function is to avert inner and outer obstacles that prevent Buddhist practitioners from attainment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25110;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#23565;&#25239;&#20839;&#22806;&#38556;&#31001;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35703;&#27861;,  &#24247;&#21331;,  Dharmapala,  Khandro,  Protector&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/protector-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">protector<\/span>s above, while below, they are <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dedicate&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36852;&#21521; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#25105;, &#25105;&#21703;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3988;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ngo), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3988;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (ngo war); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsngos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsngo ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3988;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;,  &#36852;&#21521;,  Dedicat&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dedicate\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dedicat<\/span>ed to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Six Classes of Beings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#4018;&#3956;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rik druk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rigs drug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sadgati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;According to Buddhist cosmology, all beings exist in six realms. The Six Classes of Beings (sadgati) are:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;gods (deva) &#22825;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;demi-gods (asura) &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;human beings (manusya) &#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;animals (tiryag) &#30044;&#29983;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hungry ghosts (preta) &#39187;&#39740;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hell beings (naraka) &#22320;&#29508;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe first 3 belong to the upper realms and the bottom 3 belong to lower realms.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Beings in all six realms exist in samsara, cycle continually through birth and death until attain nirvana. The type of rebirth of a being is determined by karma, actions in the current and previous lives.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sadgati,  &#20845;&#36947;,  Six Realms,  Six Classes of Beings&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sadgati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">six realms<\/span>, karmic creditors, and malevolent spirits. This satisfies all four classes of guests and subdues the four <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">demon<\/span>s.<\/p><p>Specifically, the benefits include:<\/p><ul><li>Resolving karmic entanglements with creditors and enemies.<\/li><li>Countering harm caused by malicious spells and curses.<\/li><li>Repelling thieves, enemies, and malevolent spirits.<\/li><li>Preventing untimely deaths, natural disasters, epidemics, and other a<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;2, The number two; &#20108; (&#23612;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3874;, &#3906;&#3913;&#3954;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(nyi); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dve&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3874;,  Dve&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dve<\/span>rsities.<\/li><li>Promoting the flourishing of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Auspicious goodness, Good luck&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31069;&#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3904;&#4018;&#3851;&#3940;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tashi delek); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bkra shis bde legs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;,  &#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;,  Auspicious&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/auspicious-3\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">auspicious<\/span>ness.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paustika, Increasing, Expand, Fill, Spread&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22686;&#38263;, &#20805;&#28415;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(gyepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyas pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paustika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paustika, one of four enlightening activities of a Buddha, is the Tantric practice activity to increase merits and longevity for the benefits of all beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22686;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#22235;&#31278;&#20107;&#26989;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22686;&#38263;&#29983;&#21629;&#12289;&#21517;&#32882;&#12289;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22320;&#20301;&#12289;&#26234;&#24935;&#12289;&#24904;&#24754;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Paustika&#3851;,  &#22686;&#27861;,  Increasing&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/increasing\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Increasing<\/span> merit and wisdom, thereby supporting the attainment of higher <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jati,  Rebirth,  &#20986;&#29983;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span>s and ultimate spiritual goals.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b63da4f elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"b63da4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"slides_to_show\":\"1\",\"navigation\":\"both\",\"autoplay\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_hover\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_interaction\":\"yes\",\"autoplay_speed\":5000,\"infinite\":\"yes\",\"effect\":\"slide\",\"speed\":500}' data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img 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