{"id":4831,"date":"2025-03-01T12:00:29","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T17:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/?p=4831"},"modified":"2025-03-01T12:48:22","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T17:48:22","slug":"yamantaka-fire-puja-teaching-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/yamantaka-fire-puja-teaching-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u5a01\u5fb7\u91d1\u525b\u706b\u4f9b\u6cd5\u6703\u958b\u793a || Yamantaka Fire Puja Teaching"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4831\" class=\"elementor elementor-4831\" data-elementor-settings='{\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true}}' data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b34b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d2b34b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3496673 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3496673\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5abddd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5abddd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamantaka Fire Puja Teaching 2010<br>\n&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#28779;&#20379;&#27861;&#26371;&#38283;&#31034;<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48fff6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"48fff6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Yamantaka-20170501144649-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5820\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Yamantaka-20170501144649-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Yamantaka-20170501144649-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Yamantaka-20170501144649.jpg 894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0f87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38b0f87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-ep-wrapper-link='{\"url\":\"\\\/zh-hant\\\/yamantaka-fire-puja-teaching-2010\\\/\",\"is_external\":\"\",\"nofollow\":\"\",\"custom_attributes\":\"\"}' style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"bdt-element-link elementor-element elementor-element-02a654e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02a654e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: 'arial black', sans-serif;\">&#35531;&#40670;&#36889;&#35041;&#36914;&#20837; &laquo;&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#37329;&#21083;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Fire Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28779;&#20379;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3962;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sbyin sreg&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A fire puja is a Vajrayana offering ritual to a tantric deity.&nbsp;There are four types of fire pujas corresponding to the four activities: pacifying, increasing, magnetizing, subjugating. A fire puja is often performed after an empowerment or completion of a retreat.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Many substances (such as oil or butter, torma, fresh wood sticks, sesame seeds, rice, mustard seed, barley, lentils, wheat, beans, honey kusha grass, flowers) are burned in the fire for the benefit of all beings. A small portion of the substances are offered to the fire god.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28779;&#20379;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20379;&#22857;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#20736;&#24335;&#12290;&#28779;&#20379;&#20998;&#22235;&#31278;: &#24687;&#12289;&#22686;&#12289;&#25079;&#12289;&#35461;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Fire Puja,  &#28779;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/fire-puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28779;&#20379;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#38283;&#31034;&nbsp;&raquo; &#20013;&#25991;&#38913;&#38754; <\/span><\/strong><\/span><br>Please click here for the Chinese 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36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80df319 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"80df319\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0db6b18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0db6b18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d963b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75d963b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Taking Refuge<\/h3><h3>&#30344;&#20381;&#38283;&#31034;<\/h3><p>&#39318;&#20808;&#35531;&#35576;&#20301;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35264;&#24819;<\/span>&#21069;&#26041;&#34395;&#31354;&#20013;&#65292;&#26377;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Shakyamuni, &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;,  &#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;<\/span>&#20315;&#28858;&#20027;&#23562;&#30340;&#28961;&#37327;&#35576;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#65292;&#28982;&#24460;&#65292;&#24605;&#24799;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#30340;&#26412;&#36074;&#26159;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#32305;&#28982;&#26377;&#30701;&#26283;&#30340;&#23433;&#27138;&#65292;&#21371;&#19981;&#26039;&#35722;&#21270;&#22750;&#28357;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#20173;&#38626;&#19981;&#38283;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#20854;&#20013;&#65292;&#23588;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lower rebirths; &#19979;&#19977;&#36947;, &#19977;&#24801;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&#24180;&#26494;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ngan song);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ngan song&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lower rebirths refer tp Animal, hungry ghost and hell being Realms.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19979;&#19977;&#36947;, &#19977;&#24801;&#36947;&#26159;&#30044;&#29983;&#36947;, &#39187;&#39740;&#36947;&#21450;&#22320;&#29508;&#36947;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#19979;&#19977;&#36947;,  &#19977;&#24801;&#36947;,  &#24180;&#26494;,  Lower rebirth&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lower-rebirths\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19977;&#24801;&#36947;<\/span>&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#26368;&#20196;&#20154;&#30031;&#25084;&#12290;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nihilism, Extreme of non-existence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34395;&#28961;&#20027;&#32681;, &#28961;&#37002; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32654;&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3928;&#3920;&#3936;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(me ta);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;med mtha&amp;#039;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;natthikav&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nihilism is one of two extreme views that repudiates conventional existence of anything, rejecting general or fundamental aspects of human existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#37002;, &#25613;&#28187;&#37002;, &#34395;&#28961;&#20027;&#32681;&#21542;&#23450;&#20219;&#20309;&#20107;&#29289;&#30340;&#20659;&#32113;&#24120;&#35215;&#23384;&#22312;&#65292;&#35469;&#28858;&#23431;&#23449;&#12289;&#29983;&#21629;&#30340;&#23384;&#22312;&#26159;&#27794;&#26377;&#23458;&#35264;&#24847;&#32681;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nihilism,  &#34395;&#28961;&#20027;&#32681;,  &#28961;&#37002;,  &#25613;&#28187;&#37002;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nihilism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28961;&#37002;<\/span>&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#20013;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35299;&#33067;<\/span>&#65292;&#28858;&#20102;&#29554;&#33268;&#31350;&#31455;&#30340;&#23433;&#27138;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#24517;&#38920;&#20381;&#27490;&#20855;&#36275;&#33021;&#21147;&#25937;&#24230;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#38626;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#33510;&#28023;&#30340;&#20381;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kyabje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027;, &#23562;&#32773;, &#30344;&#20381;&#20027; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22025;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab je)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;: skyabs rje&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyabje is a mark of respect reserved for the senior most lamas whose realization and powers are extraordinary. The term means lord (je, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;) of refuge (kyab, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;), signifying someone who, on account of his or her extraordinary realization, has the capacity to protect us from the suffering of samsara and its causes, the disturbing emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027; \/ &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&nbsp; &#26159;&#23565;&#35657;&#24735;&#33021;&#21147;&#38750;&#20961;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#23562;&#31281;, &#20182;&#26377;&#33021;&#21147;&#20445;&#35703;&#25105;&#20497;&#20813;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#21450;&#20854;&#25104;&#22240; (&#29033;&#24817;&#24773;&#32210;) &#25152;&#24118;&#20358;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab, &#22025;) &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(je, &#20625;) &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kyabje,  &#24601;&#20027;,  &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kyabje\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24601;&#20027;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>First, please <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> in the space before you an <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Thaye, Infinite&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#38480; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3920;&#3936;&#3851;&#3937;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ta ye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mtha&amp;#039; yas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Thaye is a common Tibetan name.\n&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Infinite,  &#28961;&#38480;,  &#20182;&#32822;,  Thaye &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/thaye\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">infinite<\/span> assembly of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, with <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Shakyamuni, &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;,  &#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakyamuni<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span> as the principal <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span>. Then, contemplate that the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> is suffering. Even if there is temporary happiness, it constantly changes and eventually perishes, ultimately leading back to suffering. Among all forms of suffering, the pain of the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s is especially fearsome. In order to be <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Become Liberated&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Liberated,  &#35299;&#33067;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%a2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberated<\/span> from boundless suffering and attain ultimate happiness, we must rely on a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> who possesses the ability to save <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from the ocean of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsaric<\/span> suffering.<\/p><p>&#21807;&#26377;&#20154;&#22825;&#23566;&#24107;&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#25152;&#20659;&#25480;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Scriptural Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25945;&#27861;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3906;&#3954;&#3851;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lung gi cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lung gi chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Scriptural Dharma (verbal doctrine) is teachings based on the Buddhist scriptures. (Contrast to Dharma of Realization)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25945;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#27861;&#30340;&#25945;&#23566;&#28304;&#33258;&#32147;&#20856;&#12290;(&#23565;&#27604;: &#35657;&#27861;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25945;&#27861;,  Scriptural Dharma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/scriptural-dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25945;&#27861;<\/span>&#12289;&#33021;&#27491;&#30906;&#28961;&#35492;&#23459;&#35498;&#20315;&#27861;&#30340;&#32854;&#20711;&#19977;&#32773;&#33021;&#25937;&#24230;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#38626;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#33510;&#28023;&#65292;&#25104;&#28858;&#25105;&#20497;&#20381;&#27490;&#30340;&#27530;&#21213;&#31119;&#30000;&#12290;<\/p><p>Only the teacher of gods and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span>s&mdash;the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> taught by the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, and the noble <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gendun, Sangha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#23542;, &#20711;&#20285; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32102;&#25958;\/&#26684;&#38931;\/&#26681;&#30331;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gendun); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge &amp;#039;dun&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;gha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sangha is the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha. Gendun is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Gend&uuml;n, Ged&uuml;n, Gedun, Gedhun.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#20285;&#26159;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;, &#26159;&#20462;&#36947;&#19978;&#30340;&#21451;&#20276;&#12290;&#20711;&#23542;&#25351;&#24050;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#32102;&#25958; \/ &nbsp;&#26684;&#38931; \/ &#26681;&#30331; \/ &#26681;&#25958; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sangha,  &#20711;&#23542;,  &#20711;&#20285;,  Samgha,  &#32102;&#25958;,   &#26684;&#38931;,  &#26681;&#30331;,  &#26681;&#25958;,  Gendun,  Gedun &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sangha<\/span> who correctly expound the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>&mdash;can save <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from the ocean of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsaric<\/span> suffering, becoming the supreme field of merit for us to rely upon.<\/p><p>&#35576;&#20301;&#38656;&#23565;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19977;&#23542;<\/span>&#29983;&#36215;&#28136;&#20449;&#24515;&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19977;&#23542;<\/span>&#25509;&#21463;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#65292;&#20006;&#19988;&#30332;&#39000;&#33258;&#24049;&#35201;&#26039;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Unwholesome behavior; &#24801;&#34892;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#28037;&#23601;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#4004;&#4017;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nyecho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyes spyod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24801;&#34892;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%89%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a6%e0%be%a4%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%91\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24801;&#34892;<\/span>&#21892;&#65292;&#36861;&#38568;&#35576;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#30340;&#21033;&#29983;&#34892;&#35516;&#12290;&#20197;&#27492;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&#33021;&#20351;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19978;&#24107;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19977;&#23542;<\/span>&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21152;&#25345;<\/span>&#21147;&#65292;&#33258;&#28982;&#28961;&#31001;&#22320;&#34701;&#20837;&#26044;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#24515;&#30456;&#32396;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#12300;&#21315;&#27743;&#26377;&#27700;&#21315;&#27743;&#26376;&#12301;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#27700;&#28165;&#28961;&#27874;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#26144;&#29031;&#22825;&#19978;&#30340;&#26126;&#26376;&#12290;<\/p><p>All of you should generate pure faith in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Three Jewels<\/span>&mdash;the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gendun, Sangha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#23542;, &#20711;&#20285; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32102;&#25958;\/&#26684;&#38931;\/&#26681;&#30331;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gendun); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge &amp;#039;dun&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;gha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sangha is the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha. Gendun is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Gend&uuml;n, Ged&uuml;n, Gedun, Gedhun.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#20285;&#26159;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;, &#26159;&#20462;&#36947;&#19978;&#30340;&#21451;&#20276;&#12290;&#20711;&#23542;&#25351;&#24050;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#32102;&#25958; \/ &nbsp;&#26684;&#38931; \/ &#26681;&#30331; \/ &#26681;&#25958; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sangha,  &#20711;&#23542;,  &#20711;&#20285;,  Samgha,  &#32102;&#25958;,   &#26684;&#38931;,  &#26681;&#30331;,  &#26681;&#25958;,  Gendun,  Gedun &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sangha<\/span>&mdash;and request the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Three Jewels<\/span> to accept our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span>. Furthermore, make the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to abandon negative actions and practice virtuous deeds, following the altruistic conduct of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s. With this motivation, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>bless<\/span>ings of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>guru<\/span> and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Three Jewels<\/span> will naturally and unobstructedly enter our mental continuum. As the saying goes, &laquo;&nbsp;When there is water in a thousand rivers, there will be a moon reflected in each.&nbsp;&raquo; As long as the water is clear and still, it can reflect the bright moon in the sky.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#25033;&#31150;&#25964;&#19968;&#20999;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#30340;&#22609;&#20687;&#25110;&#30059;&#20687;&#65292;&#28961;&#35542;&#27492;&#22609;&#30059;&#20687;&#26159;&#20197;&#20309;&#31278;&#26448;&#36074;&#35069;&#25104;&#65292;&#35576;&#20301;&#30342;&#38656;&#35222;&#20854;&#28858;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#30340;&#30495;&#36523;&#12290;&#27492;&#22806;&#65292;&#19981;&#25033;&#20877;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#20854;&#20182;&#20854;&#22806;&#36947;&#30340;&#31070;&#31047;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#36889;&#20123;&#31070;&#31047;&#33258;&#36523;&#23578;&#19988;&#26410;&#24478;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#20013;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35299;&#33067;<\/span>&#65292;&#36945;&#35542;&#25937;&#24230;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>After taking <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, one should pay respect to all statues or images of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, regardless of the material they are made from. You should regard them as the true bodies of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s. Moreover, one should not take <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in deities of other religions, because these deities themselves have not yet been <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Become Liberated&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Liberated,  &#35299;&#33067;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%a2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberated<\/span> from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>, let alone being able to save other <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#27491;&#27861;&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#25033;&#30433;&#21147;&#34892;&#25345;&#21033;&#29983;&#20043;&#20107;&#65292;&#36991;&#20813;&#36896;&#20316;&#20663;&#23475;&#20854;&#20182;&#30526;&#29983;&#65288;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#27578;&#23475;&#29983;&#21629;&#65289;&#20043;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#32854;&#20711;&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#25033;&#26178;&#24120;&#35242;&#36817;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shenyen, Spiritual guide, Teacher&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21332;&#24180;\/&#21916;&#24565;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (she nyen), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;()&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge ba&amp;#039;i bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kaly&#257;&#7751;a-mittat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;,  &#21892;&#30693;&#35672;,   Spiritual guide,  Shenyen,  &#21332;&#24180;,  &#21916;&#24565;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a4%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%89%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;<\/span>&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#25509;&#21463;&#27491;&#27861;&#30340;&#29071;&#32722;&#65292;&#36991;&#20813;&#33287;&#24515;&#25079;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wrong view&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37034;&#35211;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36948;&#21703; &#27931;&#24052;, &#27931;&#36948;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3999;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ta wa log par), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3939;&#3999; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(log ta); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lta ba log pa, log lta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3939;&#3999;,  &#37034;&#35211;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/wrong-view\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#37034;&#35211;<\/span>&#12289;&#19981;&#20449;&#22240;&#26524;&#20043;&#20154;&#36942;&#26044;&#35242;&#36817;&#12290;<\/p><p>After taking <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>, one should strive to engage in activities that benefit <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> and avoid actions that harm others, especially killing. After taking <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gendun, Sangha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#23542;, &#20711;&#20285; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32102;&#25958;\/&#26684;&#38931;\/&#26681;&#30331;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gendun); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge &amp;#039;dun&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;gha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sangha is the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha. Gendun is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Gend&uuml;n, Ged&uuml;n, Gedun, Gedhun.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#20285;&#26159;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;, &#26159;&#20462;&#36947;&#19978;&#30340;&#21451;&#20276;&#12290;&#20711;&#23542;&#25351;&#24050;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#32102;&#25958; \/ &nbsp;&#26684;&#38931; \/ &#26681;&#30331; \/ &#26681;&#25958; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sangha,  &#20711;&#23542;,  &#20711;&#20285;,  Samgha,  &#32102;&#25958;,   &#26684;&#38931;,  &#26681;&#30331;,  &#26681;&#25958;,  Gendun,  Gedun &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sangha<\/span>, one should frequently associate with spiritual friends, continuously receive the influence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>, and avoid close association with those who hold wrong views or deny cause and effect.<\/p><p>&#35576;&#20301;&#27599;&#26085;&#26089;&#26202;&#25033;&#33267;&#23569;&#21816;&#35494;&#22235;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#65288;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19978;&#24107;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#20315;&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#27861;&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#30344;&#20381;<\/span>&#20711;&#65289;&#19977;&#27425;&#65292;&#22914;&#26524;&#26178;&#38291;&#20801;&#35377;&#65292;&#25033;&#20760;&#37327;&#35494;&#28415;&#21313;&#33836;&#20843;&#21315;&#27425;&#12290;&#34892;&#32773;&#19968;&#29983;&#33509;&#33021;&#20445;&#25345;&#23565;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19977;&#23542;<\/span>&#30340;&#28136;&#20449;&#24515;&#65292;&#24448;&#29983;&#26178;&#65292;&#23601;&#33021;&#22816;&#25014;&#24565;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19977;&#23542;<\/span>&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24448;&#29983;&#21892;&#36259;&#12290;<\/p><p>All of you should recite the fourfold <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> (&laquo;&nbsp;I take <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>guru<\/span>, I take <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, I take <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>, I take <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Take Refuge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381; (&#22025;&#34311;&#21331;&#29926;\/&#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;, &#22025;&#21331;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab dro)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926; (&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;kyab su drowa); &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyab su chi o) Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs &amp;#039;gro, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su &amp;#039;gro ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skyabs su mchi&amp;#039;o&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sarana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Taking refuge is the first step to become a Buddhist, entrance to all buddhist practices. It is a commitment to accept the three jewels, Buddha as the guide, Dharma as the path and Sangha as companions, on the road to enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the Outer Refuge. Three Roots: Lama, Yidam and Khandro are the Inner Refuge. The Three Bodies, or Trikaya, are the Secret Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Refuge,  Sarana,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;,  &#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3954;&#3936;&#3964;,  &#30344;&#20381;,   &#21152;&#34311;&#20225;&#25105;,  kyab su chi o\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/take-refuge\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">refuge<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gendun, Sangha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#23542;, &#20711;&#20285; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32102;&#25958;\/&#26684;&#38931;\/&#26681;&#30331;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gendun); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge &amp;#039;dun&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;gha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sangha is the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha. Gendun is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Gend&uuml;n, Ged&uuml;n, Gedun, Gedhun.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20711;&#20285;&#26159;&#20315;&#27861;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;, &#26159;&#20462;&#36947;&#19978;&#30340;&#21451;&#20276;&#12290;&#20711;&#23542;&#25351;&#24050;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#32102;&#25958; \/ &nbsp;&#26684;&#38931; \/ &#26681;&#30331; \/ &#26681;&#25958; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sangha,  &#20711;&#23542;,  &#20711;&#20285;,  Samgha,  &#32102;&#25958;,   &#26684;&#38931;,  &#26681;&#30331;,  &#26681;&#25958;,  Gendun,  Gedun &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sangha<\/span>&nbsp;&raquo;) at least <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;The three times: past, present and future&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19977;&#26178;: &#36942;&#21435;&#65292;&#29694;&#22312;&#21644;&#26410;&#20358; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#23403;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3956;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(du sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dus gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#19977;&#26178;,  Three Times&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/the-three-times\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">three times<\/span> every morning and evening. If time permits, one should aim to complete 108,000 recitations. If a practitioner can maintain pure faith in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Three Jewels<\/span> throughout their life, at the time of death they will be able to remember the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Jewels&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20315;&#27861;&#20711;&#19977;&#23542; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24247;&#21932;&#26494;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(konchok sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkon mchog gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Triratna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Triratna (three jewels) are\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha, the enlightened one&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Dharma, the teachings by the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Sangha, the community of practitioners following the teachings of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThe three jewels are the objects of the Buddhist Refuge.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Jewels,  Triple Gem,  Triratna,  &#19977;&#23542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/three-jewels\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Three Jewels<\/span> and thereby be reborn in a fortunate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>.<\/p><p>&#20197;&#19979;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19978;&#24107;<\/span>&#23559;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oral Transmission; &#21475;&#20659;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#40845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Oral Transmission is a ceremony in which a guru reads aloud, to disciples, a Buddhist text that the guru has previously received from his\/her own guru.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#21475;&#20659;&#26159;&#19978;&#24107;&#21521;&#24351;&#23376;&#26391;&#35712;&#19978;&#24107;&#20808;&#21069;&#24478;&#33258;&#24049;&#19978;&#24107;&#37027;&#35041;&#25910;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#32147;&#21475;&#20659;&#30340;&#20736;&#24335;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21475;&#20659;,  Oral Transmission&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/oral-transmissio\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21475;&#20659;<\/span>&#20845;&#23383;&#22823;&#26126;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21650;<\/span>&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#24230;&#27597;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Heart Mantra, Essence Mantra, Hrdaya Mantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24515;&#21650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#27874;&#38597;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nying po ngag); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying po&amp;#039;i sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hrdaya Mantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Heart Mantra is the short form mantra of a deity.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Heart Mantra. Essence Mantra,  &#24515;&#21650;,  Hrdaya Mantra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/heart-mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24515;&#21650;<\/span>&#12290;&#65288;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21650;<\/span>&#35486;&#24478;&#30053;&#65289;&#12290;<\/p><p>Next, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>guru<\/span> gives the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oral Transmission; &#21475;&#20659;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#40845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Oral Transmission is a ceremony in which a guru reads aloud, to disciples, a Buddhist text that the guru has previously received from his\/her own guru.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#21475;&#20659;&#26159;&#19978;&#24107;&#21521;&#24351;&#23376;&#26391;&#35712;&#19978;&#24107;&#20808;&#21069;&#24478;&#33258;&#24049;&#19978;&#24107;&#37027;&#35041;&#25910;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#32147;&#21475;&#20659;&#30340;&#20736;&#24335;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21475;&#20659;,  Oral Transmission&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/oral-transmissio\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">oral transmission<\/span> of the six-syllable <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mantra<\/span> and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Tara<\/span> heart <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mantra<\/span>. (The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mantra<\/span>s are omitted here.)<\/p><h3>Preliminary Teachings for the Vajrabhairava Purification and Merit Accumulation Fire Offering Ritual<\/h3><h3>&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#24687;&#28797;&#22686;&#31119;&#28779;&#20379;&#27861;&#26371;&#21069;&#34892;&#38283;&#31034;<\/h3><p>&#35576;&#20301;&#20170;&#26085;&#22312;&#30334;&#24537;&#20043;&#20013;&#25277;&#31354;&#21069;&#20358;&#21443;&#21152;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#65292;&#22240;&#32227;&#23526;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#38627;&#24471;&#12290;&#26082;&#28982;&#30332;&#24515;&#21443;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#65292;&#23601;&#38656;&#35731;&#27492;&#34892;&#33021;&#26377;&#25152;&#25910;&#31339;&#65292;&#20351;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#33021;&#25104;&#28858;&#19968;&#38917;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#20677;&#27490;&#26044;&#21482;&#26159;&#21443;&#21152;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#32780;&#24050;&#12290;<\/p><p>All of you have taken time out of your busy schedules to attend this <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> assembly. This opportunity is truly rare and precious. Since you have made the aspiration to participate in this assembly, it is important to ensure that your participation yields meaningful results, transforming the assembly into a genuine practice rather than merely attending an event.<\/p><p>&#22914;&#20309;&#20351;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#25104;&#28858;&#19968;&#38917;&#20462;&#34892;&#21602;&#65311;&#39318;&#20808;&#65292;&#24517;&#38920;&#20462;&#27491;&#24847;&#24565;&#21205;&#27231;&mdash;&#21443;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#20006;&#38750;&#36010;&#27714;&#27492;&#29983;&#30340;&#23433;&#27138;&#32780;&#20358;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#28858;&#20102;&#26039;&#38500;&#23565;&#27492;&#29983;&#20035;&#33267;&#20358;&#19990;&#30340;&#36010;&#33879;&#12290;<\/p><p>How can we transform the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> assembly into a genuine practice? First, we must correct our motivation. Our participation in the assembly should not stem from a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 [&amp;quot;table&amp;quot;,{&amp;quot;style&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;summary&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;684px&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;cellspacing&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;cellpadding&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;cols&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:108},{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:188},{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:120},{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:268}],&amp;quot;backgroundColor&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;color&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;selected&amp;quot;:false},&amp;quot;tr&amp;quot;,{&amp;quot;style&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;backgroundColor&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;textAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;verticalAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;color&amp;quot;:null},&amp;quot;td&amp;quot;,{&amp;quot;style&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;abbr&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;nowrap&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;colspan&amp;quot;:1,&amp;quot;rowspan&amp;quot;:1,&amp;quot;colwidth&amp;quot;:[108],&amp;quot;backgroundColor&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;textAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;verticalAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;color&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;inversionType&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;smart&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Desi, Regent, Governor; &#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (de si); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sde srid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Desi is a common Tibetan name meaning governor, regent.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#24503;&#35199;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Desi,  &#24503;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/regent\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>desi<\/span>re for temporary happiness in this life but from the aspiration to abandon <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to this life and future lives.<\/p><p>&#30001;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#30340;&#26412;&#36074;&#26159;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#25214;&#19981;&#21040;&#31350;&#31455;&#30340;&#23433;&#27138;&#65292;&#33509;&#32380;&#32396;&#20197;&#27530;&#21213;&#38627;&#24471;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Precious Human Birth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26247;&#28415;&#20154;&#29983;&#38627;&#24471;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3939;&#3956;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi lus rin po che); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi lus rin po che&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Precious Human Birth is comprised of the eight freedoms and ten advantages, the conditions conducive for spiritual progress.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&#29983;&#33509;&#26159;&#20855;&#36275;&#20843;&#31278;&#38290;&#26247;&#33287;&#21313;&#31278;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#29645;&#36020;&#38627;&#24471;&#26781;&#20214;&#65292;&#25033;&#30070;&#21162;&#21147;&#20462;&#32722;&#20315;&#27861;&#20197;&#29554;&#35657;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26247;&#28415;,  &#20154;&#29983;&#38627;&#24471;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/precious-human-birth\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26247;&#28415;<\/span>&#20154;&#36523;&#21435;&#36861;&#36880;&#34395;&#24187;&#30340;&#21517;&#21033;&#65292;&#20006;&#38750;&#26126;&#26234;&#20043;&#33289;&#12290;&#21807;&#26377;&#26039;&#38500;&#23565;&#27492;&#29983;&#21450;&#20358;&#19990;&#30340;&#36010;&#33879;&#65292;&#25165;&#33021;&#20351;&#33258;&#36523;&#25152;&#26377;&#30340;&#21892;&#34892;&#25104;&#28858;&#28165;&#28136;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#30495;&#27491;&#36948;&#21040;&#38626;&#33510;&#24471;&#27138;&#30340;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;<\/p><p>Since the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> is suffering and no ultimate happiness can be found within it, using our precious <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span> life to chase after illusory fame and gain is not wise. Only by abandoning <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to this life and future lives can all our virtuous actions become pure practices, enabling us to truly achieve the goal of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> from suffering and attainment of happiness.<\/p><p>&#27492;&#22806;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#24517;&#38920;&#24605;&#24799;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#30526;&#29983;&#37117;&#26159;&#28212;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#20006;&#21421;&#26820;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21371;&#22240;&#28858;&#21463;&#21040;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ignorance&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30305;, &#28961;&#26126; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#40635;&#37324;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(ma rigpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma rig pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avidya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ignorance (avidya) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions. It is the first of 12 links of dependent origination. In the wheel of life, tt is shown as an blind old woman groping for her way with a cane.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#26126;&#26159;&#21313;&#20108;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#20043;&#39318;, &#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#22833;&#26126;&#19988;&#25284;&#33879;&#26618;&#26454;&#30340;&#32769;&#23142;&#20154;&#27604;&#21947;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#26126;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/avidya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28961;&#26126;<\/span>&#30340;&#29309;&#24341;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26039;&#36896;&#20316;&#23566;&#33268;&#30171;&#33510;&#30340;&#24801;&#22240;&#65292;&#20197;&#33268;&#26044;&#30171;&#33510;&#26085;&#22686;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#24517;&#38920;&#30332;&#39000;&#21033;&#30410;&#20854;&#20182;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;<\/p><p>Moreover, we must reflect that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 [&amp;quot;table&amp;quot;,{&amp;quot;style&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;summary&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;684px&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;cellspacing&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;cellpadding&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;cols&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:108},{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:188},{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:120},{&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:268}],&amp;quot;backgroundColor&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;color&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;selected&amp;quot;:false},&amp;quot;tr&amp;quot;,{&amp;quot;style&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;backgroundColor&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;textAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;verticalAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;color&amp;quot;:null},&amp;quot;td&amp;quot;,{&amp;quot;style&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;abbr&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;nowrap&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;colspan&amp;quot;:1,&amp;quot;rowspan&amp;quot;:1,&amp;quot;colwidth&amp;quot;:[108],&amp;quot;backgroundColor&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;textAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;verticalAlign&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;color&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;inversionType&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;smart&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Desi, Regent, Governor; &#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (de si); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sde srid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Desi is a common Tibetan name meaning governor, regent.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#24503;&#35199;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Desi,  &#24503;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/regent\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>desi<\/span>re happiness and wish to avoid suffering. However, due to being led astray by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ignorance, Delusion; &#30196;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(timuk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moha (delusion, confusion or ignorance) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30196;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Moha,  &#30196;,  Delusion,  Ignorance&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ignorance\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ignorance<\/span>, they continuously create negative causes that lead to suffering, causing their pain to increase. Therefore, we must generate the aspiration to benefit other <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><p>&#28982;&#32780;&#25105;&#20497;&#38614;&#28982;&#26377;&#21033;&#29983;&#30340;&#24515;&#39000;&#65292;&#21371;&#30001;&#26044;&#19981;&#20855;&#36275;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#20677;&#27490;&#26044;&#24515;&#24819;&#32780;&#28961;&#27861;&#30495;&#27491;&#25104;&#36774;&#21033;&#30410;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#20107;&#12290;&#21807;&#26377;&#20553;&#22823;&#30340;&#20154;&#22825;&#23566;&#24107;&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#30495;&#27491;&#20855;&#36275;&#25937;&#24230;&#30526;&#29983;&#38626;&#33510;&#24471;&#27138;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ten Grounds, Ten Bhumis&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#22320;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#34217;&#20855;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(sa ch&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa bcu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;da&#347;a-bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ten Bhumis are the ten stages a Mahayana practitioners need to progress on the path to enlightenment:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21313;&#22320;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#35201;&#32147;&#27511;&#30340;&#21313;&#20491;&#20462;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;:\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27489;&#21916;&#22320; Complete Joy Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3926;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3936;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Pramudit&#257;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38626;&#22434;&#22320; Stainless Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Vimal&#257;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30332;&#20809;&#22320; Luminous Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Prabh&#257;kar&#299;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#28976;&#24935;&#22320; Radiant Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3936;&#3925;&#4018;&#3964;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Arci&#7779;mat&#299;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38627;&#21213;&#22320; Hard to Conquer Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3904;&#3936;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Sudurjay&#257;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#29694;&#21069;&#22320; Clearly Manifest Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3908;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3921;&#3956;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3956;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Abhimukh&#299;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#36960;&#34892;&#22320; Far Progressed Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;D&#363;ra&#7747;gam&#257;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#19981;&#21205;&#22320; Immovable Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3937;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;Acal&#257;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#21892;&#24935;&#22320; Perfect Intellect Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3964;&#3851;&#3906;&#4018;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; S&#257;dhumat&#299;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27861;&#38642;&#22320; Cloud of Dharma Bhumi &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; dharmamegha&#257;bh&#363;mi&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21313;&#22320;,  Ten Bhumis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ten-bhumis\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21313;&#22320;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#32305;&#28982;&#20855;&#26377;&#19981;&#21487;&#24605;&#35696;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#20063;&#23578;&#26410;&#22291;&#28415;&#20855;&#36275;&#25937;&#24230;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26159;&#25925;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#24517;&#38920;&#29983;&#36215;&#12300;&#28858;&#21033;&#30526;&#29983;&#39000;&#25104;&#20315;&#12301;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#65292;&#20197;&#27492;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#30332;&#24515;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tsondru, Diligence, Perseverance; &#31934;&#36914;, &#21220;&#21193;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23562;&#29664;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tsondru); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtson &amp;#039;grus&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Virya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Perseverance (Virya paramita), diligence, is one of the Six Perfections and one of Eleven Virtuous States. Tsondru \/ Ts&ouml;ndr&uuml; \/ Tzondru is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23562;&#29664; \/ &#23562;&#20027;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Virya, Diligence, Perseverance, Tsondru, &#23562;&#29664;,  &#31934;&#36914;,  &#23562;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31934;&#36914;<\/span>&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#26399;&#33021;&#26089;&#26085;&#35657;&#24735;&#22291;&#28415;&#20315;&#26524;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#33021;&#21147;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;<\/p><p>However, although we may have the wish to benefit <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, we lack the perfect wisdom and merit necessary to actually accomplish this. Only the great teacher of gods and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span>s&mdash;the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&mdash;possesses the complete ability to free <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and lead them to happiness. Even tenth-ground <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, though endowed with inconceivable virtues, have not yet fully perfected their ability to save <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. Therefore, we must generate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> aspiration: &laquo;&nbsp;For the sake of benefiting <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, I <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood.&nbsp;&raquo; With this supreme motivation, we must diligently practice, aspiring to quickly realize the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood and thereby gain the ability to benefit all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30171;&#33510;&#20358;&#33258;&#26044;&#30526;&#29983;&#24515;&#30456;&#32396;&#20013;&#30340;&#26989;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#65292;&#30526;&#29983;&#25152;&#38754;&#33256;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#33510;&#38627;&#65292;&#20035;&#26159;&#26989;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#30340;&#20855;&#39636;&#39023;&#29694;&#12290;&#26989;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#30340;&#26681;&#28304;&#20035;&#26159;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ignorance&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30305;, &#28961;&#26126; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#40635;&#37324;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(ma rigpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma rig pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avidya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ignorance (avidya) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions. It is the first of 12 links of dependent origination. In the wheel of life, tt is shown as an blind old woman groping for her way with a cane.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#26126;&#26159;&#21313;&#20108;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#20043;&#39318;, &#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#22833;&#26126;&#19988;&#25284;&#33879;&#26618;&#26454;&#30340;&#32769;&#23142;&#20154;&#27604;&#21947;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#26126;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/avidya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28961;&#26126;<\/span>&#65292;&#25152;&#35586;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ignorance&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30305;, &#28961;&#26126; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#40635;&#37324;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(ma rigpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma rig pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avidya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ignorance (avidya) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions. It is the first of 12 links of dependent origination. In the wheel of life, tt is shown as an blind old woman groping for her way with a cane.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#26126;&#26159;&#21313;&#20108;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#20043;&#39318;, &#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#22833;&#26126;&#19988;&#25284;&#33879;&#26618;&#26454;&#30340;&#32769;&#23142;&#20154;&#27604;&#21947;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#26126;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/avidya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28961;&#26126;<\/span>&#26159;&#25351;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#30526;&#29983;&#19981;&#33021;&#27491;&#30906;&#30340;&#35469;&#30693;&#35576;&#27861;&#28961;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sobawa, Nature, Inherent existence; &#33258;&#24615;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26412;&#36074; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#26032;, &#26797;&#24052;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (rang shyin), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4013;&#3851;&#3926;&#4023;&#3953;&#3851;&#3933; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(sobhawa)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang bzhin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;swa b+hA wa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;s&ouml;bhawa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Alternate spellings: Svabhava, Sobhawa, Svabava&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26797;&#24052;&#21703;,  Sobawa,  Inherent Existence,  &#33258;&#24615;,  &#3942;&#4013;&#3851;&#3926;&#4023;&#3953;&#3851;&#3933;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%84%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%9e%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33258;&#24615;<\/span>&#65288;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#12289;&#20107;&#29289;&#30342;&#26159;&#22240;&#32227;&#21644;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;&#65292;&#19981;&#26159;&#24646;&#24120;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#19981;&#35722;&#30340;&#23384;&#22312;&#65289;&#30340;&#30495;&#35558;&#65292;&#23559;&#34395;&#24187;&#30340;&#29694;&#35937;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#28858;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&#20854;&#20013;&#65292;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#20035;&#26159;&#23565;&#26044;&#33258;&#25105;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>All the suffering of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> arises from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>karma<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s present in the mental continuum of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. The hardships faced by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> are the concrete manifestations of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>karma<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s. The root cause of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>karma<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s is <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ignorance, Delusion; &#30196;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(timuk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moha (delusion, confusion or ignorance) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30196;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Moha,  &#30196;,  Delusion,  Ignorance&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ignorance\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ignorance<\/span>. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ignorance, Delusion; &#30196;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(timuk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moha (delusion, confusion or ignorance) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30196;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Moha,  &#30196;,  Delusion,  Ignorance&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ignorance\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Ignorance<\/span> refers to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>&rsquo; inability to correctly recognize the truth that all phenomena lack <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sobawa, Nature, Inherent existence; &#33258;&#24615;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26412;&#36074; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#26032;, &#26797;&#24052;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (rang shyin), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4013;&#3851;&#3926;&#4023;&#3953;&#3851;&#3933; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(sobhawa)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang bzhin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;swa b+hA wa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;s&ouml;bhawa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Alternate spellings: Svabhava, Sobhawa, Svabava&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26797;&#24052;&#21703;,  Sobawa,  Inherent Existence,  &#33258;&#24615;,  &#3942;&#4013;&#3851;&#3926;&#4023;&#3953;&#3851;&#3933;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%84%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%9e%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">inherent existence<\/span>&mdash;they arise through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dependent Origination, Dependent Arising, Interdependence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#28359;&#21746;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tendrel), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten &amp;#039;brel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten cing &amp;#039;brel bar &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;byung ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prat&#299;tyasamutp&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pratityasamutpada, Dependent arising is a key doctrine common to all schools of Buddhism: all things (inner and outer phenomena, dharmas and principles) arise in dependence upon other things.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215;&#26159;&#26997;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#27010;&#24565;: &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#28858;&#27861;&#37117;&#26159;&#22240;&#21508;&#31278;&#22240;&#32227;&#21644;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pratityasamutpada,  &#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;,  &#32227;&#36215;,  Dependent Origination,  Dependent Arising,  Interdependence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dependent-origination\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dependent origination<\/span> and are not permanent or inherently real. Among these, the primary form of clinging is self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span>.<\/p><p>&#30001;&#26044;&#30526;&#29983;&#20855;&#26377;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#65292;&#25925;&#23565;&#21916;&#24859;&#30340;&#29694;&#35937;&#29983;&#36215;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Craving, Desire&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;&#24859;, &#27442;&#26395;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#4018;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(sepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sred pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Trishna, Trsna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Trishna, Trsna (craving, thirst, desire) is one of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a person drinking alcohol continuously.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20843;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#24859;&#12301;, &#24859;&#30001;&#21463;&#32780;&#20358;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#20197;&#25163;&#25569;&#37202;&#29942;&#29378;&#39154;&#19981;&#27490;&#30340;&#37202;&#39740;&#27604;&#21947;&#24859;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Craving,  &#36010;&#24859;,  Trishna,  Trsna&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/trishna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#36010;&#24859;<\/span>&#65292;&#23565;&#21421;&#24801;&#30340;&#29694;&#35937;&#29983;&#36215;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#30603;<\/span>&#24680;&#65292;&#30001;&#27492;&#38519;&#20837;&#19981;&#26039;&#36896;&#20316;&#24801;&#26989;&#33287;&#25215;&#21463;&#30171;&#33510;&#30340;&#24801;&#24615;&#24490;&#29872;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#30340;&#22823;&#25973;&#65292;&#24517;&#38920;&#20670;&#27880;&#24515;&#21147;&#12289;&#21162;&#21147;&#23565;&#27835;&#12290;&#27442;&#26039;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#65292;&#24517;&#38920;&#35657;&#24735;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;,  &#31354;&#24615;,  &#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;,  Shunyata,  Sunyata,  Emptiness,  Vacuity,  Voidness,  &#26481;&#24052;&#23612;, \n&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31354;&#24615;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>Because <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> possess the habitual tendency of self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span>, they develop <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to what they like and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span> to what they dislike, thus falling into a vicious cycle of creating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span> and experiencing suffering. Self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span> is the greatest enemy of practitioners and must be countered with focused effort. To eliminate self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span>, one must realize <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;,  &#31354;&#24615;,  &#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;,  Shunyata,  Sunyata,  Emptiness,  Vacuity,  Voidness,  &#26481;&#24052;&#23612;, \n&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>.<\/p><p>&#22312;&#35576;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;,  &#31354;&#24615;,  &#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;,  Shunyata,  Sunyata,  Emptiness,  Vacuity,  Voidness,  &#26481;&#24052;&#23612;, \n&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31354;&#24615;<\/span>&#26234;&#24935;&#30456;&#23565;&#25033;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#26159;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25991;&#27530;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25991;&#27530;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#26234;&#24935;&#32317;&#38598;&#20043;&#31034;&#29694;&#65292;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25991;&#27530;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#20316;&#28858;&#35264;&#20462;&#20043;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#65292;&#26368;&#33021;&#36805;&#36895;&#26039;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#12290;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#37329;&#21083;<\/span>&#26159;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#25991;&#27530;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#31034;&#29694;&#30340;&#26997;&#24575;&#24594;&#30456;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#31034;&#29694;&#24575;&#24594;&#30456;&#30340;&#23565;&#35937;&#26159;&#30526;&#29983;&#24515;&#30456;&#32396;&#20013;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#65292;&#28858;&#20102;&#35519;&#20239;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#32722;&#27683;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#31034;&#29694;&#22914;&#27492;&#24575;&#24594;&#30340;&#24418;&#35937;&#12290;<\/p><p>Among the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> corresponding to the wisdom of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;,  &#31354;&#24615;,  &#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;,  Shunyata,  Sunyata,  Emptiness,  Vacuity,  Voidness,  &#26481;&#24052;&#23612;, \n&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> is <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Manjushri<\/span>. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Manjushri<\/span> embodies the collective wisdom of all the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s, and meditating on him as one&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> is the most effective way to swiftly eliminate self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span>. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vajrabhairava<\/span> is the extremely <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wrathful&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24575;&#24594; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22402;&#21764;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#4018;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(thro pai); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khros pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Wrathful&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/wrathful\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">wrathful<\/span> manifestation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Manjushri<\/span>. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wrathful&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24575;&#24594; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22402;&#21764;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#4018;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(thro pai); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khros pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Wrathful&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/wrathful\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">wrathful<\/span> aspect of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> specifically targets the self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span> tendencies in the mental continuum of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. In order to subdue the habitual tendencies of self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> appears in this fierce form.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#37329;&#21083;<\/span>&#26159;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga, Highest Yoga Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nal jor la na me pay jue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor bla na med pa&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga (highest yoga tantra) is the highest of the four classes of Vajrayana containing Guhyasamaja, Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Hevajra, and Kalachakra tantras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#26368;&#19978;&#37096;&#65292;&#21253;&#21547;&#20102;&#23494;&#38598;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21213;&#27138;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#21644;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;,  \nHighest Yoga Tantra,  Anuttarayoga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anuttarayoga-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#23494;&#32396;<\/span>&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#65292;&#20197;&#20854;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#23494;&#32396;<\/span>&#20013;&#20116;&#31278;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Yoga means union. In Tantric Buddhism, it refers to an esoteric practice.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#24847;&#26159;&#30456;&#25033;, &#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#28145;&#22887;&#20462;&#25345;&#27861;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yoga,  &#29788;&#20285;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yoga\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29788;&#20285;<\/span>&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#32862;&#21517;&#65292;&#20116;&#31278;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Yoga means union. In Tantric Buddhism, it refers to an esoteric practice.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#24847;&#26159;&#30456;&#25033;, &#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#28145;&#22887;&#20462;&#25345;&#27861;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yoga,  &#29788;&#20285;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yoga\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29788;&#20285;<\/span>&#29544;&#35211;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#37329;&#21083;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#23494;&#32396;<\/span>&#65292;&#26159;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#23494;&#32396;<\/span>&#29305;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#20043;&#34389;&#12290;&#34892;&#32773;&#26377;&#24184;&#21443;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#37329;&#21083;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Fire Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28779;&#20379;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3962;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sbyin sreg&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A fire puja is a Vajrayana offering ritual to a tantric deity.&nbsp;There are four types of fire pujas corresponding to the four activities: pacifying, increasing, magnetizing, subjugating. A fire puja is often performed after an empowerment or completion of a retreat.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Many substances (such as oil or butter, torma, fresh wood sticks, sesame seeds, rice, mustard seed, barley, lentils, wheat, beans, honey kusha grass, flowers) are burned in the fire for the benefit of all beings. A small portion of the substances are offered to the fire god.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28779;&#20379;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20379;&#22857;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#20736;&#24335;&#12290;&#28779;&#20379;&#20998;&#22235;&#31278;: &#24687;&#12289;&#22686;&#12289;&#25079;&#12289;&#35461;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Fire Puja,  &#28779;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/fire-puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#28779;&#20379;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#65292;&#24517;&#38920;&#30332;&#39000;&#28136;&#38500;&#33258;&#24049;&#33287;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#32722;&#27683;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#30001;&#27492;&#24341;&#30332;&#30340;&#26989;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vajrabhairava<\/span> is a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga, Highest Yoga Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nal jor la na me pay jue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor bla na med pa&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga (highest yoga tantra) is the highest of the four classes of Vajrayana containing Guhyasamaja, Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Hevajra, and Kalachakra tantras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#26368;&#19978;&#37096;&#65292;&#21253;&#21547;&#20102;&#23494;&#38598;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21213;&#27138;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#21644;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;,  \nHighest Yoga Tantra,  Anuttarayoga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anuttarayoga-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Anuttarayoga<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Tantra<\/span>, renowned for the practice of the five <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Yoga means union. In Tantric Buddhism, it refers to an esoteric practice.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#24847;&#26159;&#30456;&#25033;, &#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#28145;&#22887;&#20462;&#25345;&#27861;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yoga,  &#29788;&#20285;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yoga\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yoga<\/span>s unique to his <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span>. These five <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Yoga means union. In Tantric Buddhism, it refers to an esoteric practice.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#24847;&#26159;&#30456;&#25033;, &#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#28145;&#22887;&#20462;&#25345;&#27861;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yoga,  &#29788;&#20285;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yoga\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yoga<\/span>s are a distinctive feature of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vajrabhairava<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Tantra<\/span>. Practitioners who are fortunate enough to participate in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yamantaka, Vajrabhairava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;, &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#21513; &#26032;&#30342;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dorje jik je), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3934;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje &amp;#039;jigs byed, gshin rje gshed, &amp;#039;jigs byed&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yamantaka (conqueror of death) is an important wrathful deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to Anuttarayoga (highest yoga) tantra class.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083; (&#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;) &#26159;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#23041;&#29467;&#21270;&#30456;&#65292;&#23660;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#65292;&#33258;&#24478;&#33267;&#23562;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#20197;&#20358;&#65292;&#28858;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#27511;&#20195;&#20659;&#25215;&#19978;&#24107;&#20497;&#25152;&#29305;&#21029;&#37325;&#35222;&#12289;&#23562;&#23815;&#65307;&#27492;&#33995;&#30001;&#26044;&#27492;&#27861;&#38614;&#26159;&#29238;&#32396;&#37096;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28982;&#21547;&#25885;&#27597;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#35201;&#32681;&#65292;&#19988;&#20855;&#26377;&#20854;&#20182;&#27861;&#38272;&#25152;&#27794;&#26377;&#30340;&amp;quot;&#20116;&#31278;&#27530;&#21213;&rdquo;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#12290;&#21513;&#31077;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#33287;&amp;quot;&#35576;&#20315;&#20043;&#24107;&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;&#33267;&#23562;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#39636;&#24615;&#65292;&#32780;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#20035;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#19968;&#20999;&#27530;&#21213;&#26234;&#24935;&#20043;&#21270;&#29694;&#65292;&#25925;&#21463;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#20043;&#22727;&#22478;&#22823;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#20006;&#24478;&#32780;&#20462;&#25345;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#21063;&#26377;&#22686;&#38263;&#32880;&#26126;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#36890;&#36948;&amp;quot;&#31354;&#24615;&#35211;&rdquo;&#30340;&#29544;&#29305;&#25928;&#29992;&#12290;&#21448;&#22914;&#29105;&#35695;&#24107;&#25152;&#35498;&#65306;&amp;quot;&#22312;&#19968;&#20999;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#30340;&#27861;&#38272;&#20013;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27604;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#26356;&#27530;&#21213;&#30340;&#65292;&#21407;&#22240;&#22312;&#26044;&#28040;&#38500;&#26989;&#38556;&#38656;&#35201;&#20381;&#38752;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#32780;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#30340;&#23490;&#38748;&#21270;&#29694;&mdash;&mdash;&#25991;&#27530;&#24107;&#21033;&#33769;&#34217;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#30340;&#26234;&#24935;&#36523;&#12290;&rdquo;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#21448;&#21517;&amp;quot;&#38477;&#20239;&#38331;&#39764;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25110;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38331;&#39764;&#25973;&rdquo;&#65292;&#25925;&#32780;&#20961;&#33287;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#32080;&#32227;&#30340;&#26377;&#24773;&#65292;&#21482;&#35201;&#22914;&#27861;&#23432;&#25345;&#35475;&#35328;&#65292;&#22343;&#21487;&#22238;&#36974;&#12289;&#28040;&#38500;&#19968;&#20999;&#39764;&#12289;&#31071;&#12289;&#39740;&#39749;&#20043;&#25613;&#23475;&#65292;&#21487;&#20445;&#33258;&#20182;&#20043;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#24179;&#23433;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajrabhairava,  Yamantaka,  &#22823;&#23041;&#24503;,  &#24598;&#30031;&#37329;&#21083;,  &#38331;&#39764;&#25973;,  &#3906;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3906;&#3940;&#3962;&#3921;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yamantaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vajrabhairava<\/span> fire <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span> ceremony must generate the aspiration to purify their own and all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>&rsquo; habitual tendencies of self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">grasping<\/span>, as well as the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>karma<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s arising from them.<\/p><p>&#25105;&#20497;&#21487;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#35264;&#24819;<\/span>&#33258;&#36523;&#33287;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#26989;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#34701;&#20837;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#30340;&#20379;&#21697;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#20379;&#21697;&#32147;&#30001;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#28961;&#20108;&#28961;&#21029;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19978;&#24107;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21152;&#25345;<\/span>&#65292;&#36681;&#35722;&#28858;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nectar&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#21513;, &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#4009;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (du tsi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud rtsi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amrita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Amrita means immortality in Sanskrit. Amrita, Nectar, is the drink of the devas. It is a blessed liquid which can cause spiritual and physical healing.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706;&#26805;&#25991;&#38899;&#26159;&#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&#27704;&#29983;&#65292;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#21152;&#25345;&#29289;&#65292;&#21487;&#30274;&#30290;&#36523;&#24515;&#65292;&#21360;&#24230;&#31070;&#35441;&#20013;&#30340;&#38263;&#29983;&#19981;&#32769;&#34277;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nectar,  &#29976;&#38706;,  Amrita,  &#26460;&#21513;,  &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nectar\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29976;&#38706;<\/span>&#65292;&#20877;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20379;&#39178;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22727;&#22478;<\/span>&#20013;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#12290;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22727;&#22478;<\/span>&#19978;&#26041;&#26377;&#28961;&#37327;&#35576;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22727;&#22478;<\/span>&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22727;&#22478;<\/span>&#21608;&#22285;&#21450;&#19979;&#26041;&#26377;&#28961;&#25976;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deva Realm Beings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38750;&#20154; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#26114;&#21513;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3936;&#3928;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi am chi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;#039;am ci&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Deva Realm Beings,  &#38750;&#20154;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/deva-realm-beings\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#38750;&#20154;<\/span>&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#34892;&#32773;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20379;&#39178;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#22727;&#22478;<\/span>&#20013;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#25509;&#33879;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#20379;&#39178;<\/span>&#35576;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#21450;&#28961;&#37327;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#20196;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#26412;&#23562;<\/span>&#12289;&#35576;&#20315;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#33769;&#34217;<\/span>&#24515;&#29983;&#27489;&#21916;&#65292;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#27492;&#26234;&#24935;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nectar&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#21513;, &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#4009;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (du tsi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud rtsi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amrita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Amrita means immortality in Sanskrit. Amrita, Nectar, is the drink of the devas. It is a blessed liquid which can cause spiritual and physical healing.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706;&#26805;&#25991;&#38899;&#26159;&#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&#27704;&#29983;&#65292;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#21152;&#25345;&#29289;&#65292;&#21487;&#30274;&#30290;&#36523;&#24515;&#65292;&#21360;&#24230;&#31070;&#35441;&#20013;&#30340;&#38263;&#29983;&#19981;&#32769;&#34277;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nectar,  &#29976;&#38706;,  Amrita,  &#26460;&#21513;,  &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nectar\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29976;&#38706;<\/span>&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21152;&#25345;<\/span>&#33021;&#38626;&#33510;&#24471;&#27138;&#12289;&#24448;&#29983;&#21892;&#36259;&#12290;<\/p><p>We can <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> our own and others&rsquo; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>karma<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s merging into the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span>s of the assembly. Through the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>bless<\/span>ings of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>guru<\/span>, who is inseparable from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span>s are transformed into <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nectar&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#21513;, &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#4009;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (du tsi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud rtsi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amrita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Amrita means immortality in Sanskrit. Amrita, Nectar, is the drink of the devas. It is a blessed liquid which can cause spiritual and physical healing.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706;&#26805;&#25991;&#38899;&#26159;&#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&#27704;&#29983;&#65292;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#21152;&#25345;&#29289;&#65292;&#21487;&#30274;&#30290;&#36523;&#24515;&#65292;&#21360;&#24230;&#31070;&#35441;&#20013;&#30340;&#38263;&#29983;&#19981;&#32769;&#34277;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nectar,  &#29976;&#38706;,  Amrita,  &#26460;&#21513;,  &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nectar\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nectar<\/span> and then offered to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mandala<\/span>. Above the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mandala<\/span> are <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Thaye, Infinite&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#38480; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3920;&#3936;&#3851;&#3937;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ta ye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mtha&amp;#039; yas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Thaye is a common Tibetan name.\n&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Infinite,  &#28961;&#38480;,  &#20182;&#32822;,  Thaye &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/thaye\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">infinite<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mandala<\/span>s of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, while around and below the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mandala<\/span> are countless non-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span> beings. After <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span> to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mandala,  &#22727;&#22478;,  &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;,  &#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;,  &#26364;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mandala<\/span>, practitioners proceed to offer to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, and limitless <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, bringing joy to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yidam<\/span> and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s. Through the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Consecrate, Bless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20170;&#21513;&#25289;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chin gyi lap); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin gyis brlab&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21152;&#25345;,  Consecrate,  Bless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%b3%e0%bd%96\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>bless<\/span>ings of this wisdom <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nectar&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26460;&#21513;, &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#4009;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (du tsi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud rtsi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amrita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Amrita means immortality in Sanskrit. Amrita, Nectar, is the drink of the devas. It is a blessed liquid which can cause spiritual and physical healing.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29976;&#38706;&#26805;&#25991;&#38899;&#26159;&#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&#27704;&#29983;&#65292;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#21152;&#25345;&#29289;&#65292;&#21487;&#30274;&#30290;&#36523;&#24515;&#65292;&#21360;&#24230;&#31070;&#35441;&#20013;&#30340;&#38263;&#29983;&#19981;&#32769;&#34277;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nectar,  &#29976;&#38706;,  Amrita,  &#26460;&#21513;,  &#38463;&#31859;&#36948;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nectar\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nectar<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> can be freed from suffering, attain happiness, and be reborn in fortunate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s.<\/p><p>&#34249;&#30001;&#22914;&#27492;&#35264;&#20462;&#33021;&#20196;&#33258;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;The Vaibhashika School&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27607;&#23110;&#27801;&#37096;, &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#37096;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brgyud pa rgya pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vaibhashika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;One of the early Buddhist schools, known for its realistic ontology and belief in the existence of external objects. It asserts that all phenomena are ultimately composed of indivisible atoms of matter and moments of consciousness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#37096;&#26159;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#37096;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#23526;&#26377;&#35542;&#33879;&#31281;&#65292;&#35469;&#28858;&#22806;&#22659;&#30495;&#23526;&#23384;&#22312;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#26368;&#32066;&#30001;&#19981;&#21487;&#20998;&#21106;&#30340;&#29289;&#36074;&#24494;&#31890;&#21644;&#21070;&#37027;&#24847;&#35672;&#27083;&#25104;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vaibhashika,  &#27607;&#23110;&#27801;,  &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vaibhashika\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;<\/span>&#24773;&#65292;&#30342;&#33021;&#21516;&#26178;&#28136;&#38500;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#32618;&#38556;<\/span>&#33287;&#31309;&#32858;&#36039;&#31975;&#65292;&#20351;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#33287;&#20462;&#34892;&#21512;&#32780;&#28858;&#19968;&#65292;&#35576;&#20301;&#24517;&#33021;&#19981;&#34395;&#27492;&#34892;&#12290;<\/p><p>Through such visualization, both oneself and all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> can simultaneously purify negativities and accumulate merit, integrating the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> assembly with personal practice. Thus, your participation in this assembly will surely not be in vain.<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">kunphen<\/span>.com\/html\/2010\/gljy_0911\/110.html<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u5a01\u5fb7\u91d1\u525b\u706b\u4f9b\u6cd5\u6703\u958b\u793a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[920,919,561,925],"class_list":["post-4831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching","tag-chinese","tag-english","tag-561","tag-yamantaka"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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