{"id":4777,"date":"2025-03-08T04:35:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-08T09:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/?p=4777"},"modified":"2025-05-12T14:29:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T18:29:49","slug":"bodhicitta-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/bodhicitta-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Teaching on Bodhicitta Practice || \u89c0\u4fee\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4777\" class=\"elementor elementor-4777\" 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36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21c1b8f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"21c1b8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f76f959 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f76f959\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c6708e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c6708e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kyabje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027;, &#23562;&#32773;, &#30344;&#20381;&#20027; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22025;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab je)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;: skyabs rje&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyabje is a mark of respect reserved for the senior most lamas whose realization and powers are extraordinary. The term means lord (je, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;) of refuge (kyab, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;), signifying someone who, on account of his or her extraordinary realization, has the capacity to protect us from the suffering of samsara and its causes, the disturbing emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027; \/ &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&nbsp; &#26159;&#23565;&#35657;&#24735;&#33021;&#21147;&#38750;&#20961;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#23562;&#31281;, &#20182;&#26377;&#33021;&#21147;&#20445;&#35703;&#25105;&#20497;&#20813;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#21450;&#20854;&#25104;&#22240; (&#29033;&#24817;&#24773;&#32210;) &#25152;&#24118;&#20358;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab, &#22025;) &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(je, &#20625;) &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kyabje,  &#24601;&#20027;,  &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kyabje\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Kyabje<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Gosok<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Rinpoche<\/span><br>Teaching on <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> Practice<\/strong><\/span><\/p><h3>One: Essence of Bodhicitta<\/h3><p>As the great master <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shantideva, Bhusuku; &#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (&#21830;&#22320;&#22042;&#29926;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3939;&#4023;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Zhiwa Lha); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Santideva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Shantideva (675-725) was an Indian Buddhist mahasiddha, the &amp;quot;Idle Monk&amp;quot;, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters and one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas. His most renowned work was Bodhicaryavatara or &amp;quot;A Guide to the Bodhisattva&amp;#039;s Way of Life&amp;quot;....\n&#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (675-725) &#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20013;&#35264;&#25033;&#25104;&#27966;&#33879;&#21517;&#20315;&#25945;&#23416;&#32773;, &#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#12298;&#20837;&#33769;&#34217;&#34892;&#35542;&#12299;&#30340;&#20316;&#32773;....&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3939;&#4023;,  &#23490;&#22825;,  Bhusuku &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shantideva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shantideva<\/span> once said:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&laquo;&nbsp;The teachings imparted by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Shakyamuni, &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;,  &#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakyamuni<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, the teacher of gods and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span>s, have as their essence <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>&mdash;the aspiration to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> for the benefit of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. Just as butter is the essence extracted from milk, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> is the essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><p>The presence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya, Discipline&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27607;&#22856;&#32822;, &#24459;&#34255;, &#32000;&#24459;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dulwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dul ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vinaya, the first of the Tripitaka, It is a collection of Buddhist scriptures containing the rules and procedures that govern the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24459;&#34255;&#26159;&#19977;&#34255;&#32147;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#37096;&#65292;&#31649;&#29702;&#20315;&#25945;&#20711;&#22296;&#30340;&#35215;&#21063;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vinaya,  &#27607;&#22856;&#32822;,  &#24459;&#34255;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vinaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vinaya<\/span> (monastic discipline) in the world is determined by whether the individual <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tshultrim, Precept, Ethics; Discipline, Virtue, Morality; &#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;, &#25106;&#24459;, &#36947;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26970;&#33251;\/&#21021;&#31281;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3905;&#4018;&#3954;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Tshul trim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshul khrims&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sila Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sila Paramita, Discipline, Virtue, ethical conduct, is one of the Six Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tshultrim is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Tshulthrim, Tsultrim, Tsultrim.\n&#25345;&#25106;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#26970;&#33251; \/ &#21021;&#31281;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25345;&#25106;,  &#25106;&#24459;,  Ethics,  Sila,  Precept,  Tshultrim,  &#26970;&#33251;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tshultrim\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">precept<\/span>s still exist. Similarly, the existence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism is judged by whether <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> continues to be taught and practiced.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> has two main aspects:<\/p><ol><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Altruism<\/span> : The wish to benefit others.<\/li><li>Attaining Perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Enlightenment<\/span> : The aspiration to achieve the fully awakened state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood.<\/li><\/ol><p>The aspiration to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> stems from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#23567;&#20056;,  Hinayana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span> practitioners&rsquo; <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Desi, Regent, Governor; &#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (de si); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sde srid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Desi is a common Tibetan name meaning governor, regent.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#24503;&#35199;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Desi,  &#24503;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/regent\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>desi<\/span>re to achieve the peace of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28037;&#27075;,  Nibbana,  Nirvana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>. Both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#23567;&#20056;,  Hinayana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span> practitioners seek <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>, but <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners go further by cultivating an altruistic spirit that seeks not only their own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> but also the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering. This altruistic spirit, born of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, enables <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners to abandon self-centered concerns. In contrast, the noble ones of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#23567;&#20056;,  Hinayana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span>&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hearer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24180;&#29305;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3923;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nyan to); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyan thos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Savaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Shravaka, a &amp;quot;Hearer&amp;quot; disciple of Buddha Shakyamuni, is someone who follows the four Noble Truths taught in the first turning of the wheel of dharma and strives to attain the level of an arhat.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#21021;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#26178;, &#32893;&#20315;&#38464;&#38283;&#31034;&#20462;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#30340;&#20154;, &#22240;&#36890;&#36942;&#32893;&#32862;&#20315;&#31062;&#30340;&#38899;&#32882;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;, &#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#26524;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;, &#31281;&#28858;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32882;&#32862;,  Hearer,  Shravaka&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shravaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sravaka<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Solitary Realizer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#35258;, &#29544;&#35258;, &#36767;&#25903;&#20315; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (rang gyal); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang rgyal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratyekabuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pratyekabuddhas, Solitary Realizer, studies and meditates on the teachings of the Buddha including the twelve links of interdependent origination and attains realization without relying on a teacher.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#36767;&#25903;&#20315;&#65292;&#32227;&#35258; &#30001;&#23487;&#19990;&#31119;&#24503;&#65292;&#20462;&#21313;&#20108;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Solitary Realizer,  &#32227;&#35258;,  &#29544;&#35258;,  &#36767;&#25903;&#20315;,  Pratyekabuddha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/solitary-realizer\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Pratyekabuddha<\/span>s&mdash;may dwell in the peace of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28037;&#27075;,  Nibbana,  Nirvana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span> for countless eons.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners, however, contemplate the perfect qualities of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33394;&#36523;,  Form Body,  Rupakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">form body<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33394;&#36523;,  Form Body,  Rupakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rupakaya<\/span>), which can manifest in various forms according to the karmic conditions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, thereby guiding them to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>. Thus, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners neither dwell in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> nor in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28037;&#27075;,  Nibbana,  Nirvana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>, a key distinction that makes <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings superior to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#23567;&#20056;,  Hinayana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span> teachings.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners must also reflect deeply: unless they attain the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#36523;,  Truth Body,  Dharmakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33394;&#36523;,  Form Body,  Rupakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rupakaya<\/span> of a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, they cannot fully benefit <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. With this motivation, they generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h4>The Deeper Meaning of Altruism<\/h4><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> arises from the spirit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>, which must be cultivated through continuous practice of loving-kindness and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. This involves removing all suffering from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> and helping them attain every form of happiness.<\/p><p>The suffering <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> face and the happiness they seek are not limited to temporary pain or fleeting pleasure. Instead, one must assist <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> in purifying their minds of greed, hatred, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ignorance, Delusion; &#30196;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(timuk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moha (delusion, confusion or ignorance) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30196;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Moha,  &#30196;,  Delusion,  Ignorance&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ignorance\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ignorance<\/span>, eliminating karmic obscurations, and eradicating the seeds of habitual <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s. This leads to the generation of realizations at each stage of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span>, culminating in the ultimate attainment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood. Without such comprehensive effort, the spirit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> would remain superficial and temporary, unable to fully benefit all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Stages of Generating Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>If practitioners wish to bestow temporary and ultimate happiness upon all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, they must first eliminate all faults within themselves and attain the perfect qualities of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#36523;,  Truth Body,  Dharmakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>. To manifest in various forms suited to the karmic conditions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, practitioners must also attain the perfect qualities of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33394;&#36523;,  Form Body,  Rupakaya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rupakaya<\/span>. This is the sequential process of generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Transcending Samsara and Nirvana<\/h4><p>If practitioners dwell in the peace of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28037;&#27075;,  Nibbana,  Nirvana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>, they cannot fully accomplish the work of benefiting others. Therefore, motivated by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>, they do not abide in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28037;&#27075;,  Nibbana,  Nirvana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>. Furthermore, because they aspire to attain full <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood, they also do not dwell in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners, inspired by the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to &laquo;&nbsp;attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood for the sake of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>,&nbsp;&raquo; transcend both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28037;&#27075;,  Nibbana,  Nirvana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>, abiding in neither.<\/p><h4>Mahayana Mind<\/h4><p>The mind of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism must include both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> and the aspiration to attain supreme <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span>; neither can be lacking. Practitioners who seek only their own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> cannot be considered <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners.<\/p><p>Although the noble ones of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#23567;&#20056;,  Hinayana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span>&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hearer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24180;&#29305;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3923;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nyan to); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyan thos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Savaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Shravaka, a &amp;quot;Hearer&amp;quot; disciple of Buddha Shakyamuni, is someone who follows the four Noble Truths taught in the first turning of the wheel of dharma and strives to attain the level of an arhat.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#21021;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#26178;, &#32893;&#20315;&#38464;&#38283;&#31034;&#20462;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#30340;&#20154;, &#22240;&#36890;&#36942;&#32893;&#32862;&#20315;&#31062;&#30340;&#38899;&#32882;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;, &#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#26524;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;, &#31281;&#28858;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32882;&#32862;,  Hearer,  Shravaka&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shravaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sravaka<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Solitary Realizer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#35258;, &#29544;&#35258;, &#36767;&#25903;&#20315; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (rang gyal); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang rgyal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratyekabuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pratyekabuddhas, Solitary Realizer, studies and meditates on the teachings of the Buddha including the twelve links of interdependent origination and attains realization without relying on a teacher.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#36767;&#25903;&#20315;&#65292;&#32227;&#35258; &#30001;&#23487;&#19990;&#31119;&#24503;&#65292;&#20462;&#21313;&#20108;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Solitary Realizer,  &#32227;&#35258;,  &#29544;&#35258;,  &#36767;&#25903;&#20315;,  Pratyekabuddha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/solitary-realizer\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Pratyekabuddha<\/span>s&mdash;also hold that their practices and attainments are ultimately for the benefit of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, the fruits they achieve are not the supreme and perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood. Therefore, only by combining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> with the aspiration for supreme <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> can one become a true <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioner.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(Jampa)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3928;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampe Gonpo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa mgon po&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya, Ajita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Maitreya is currently a bodhisattva and will achieve enlightenment and become a future Buddha of this world. Ajita is an alternate name of Maitreya in Amitabha Sutra and&nbsp; Lotus Sutra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#30340;&#32380;&#20219;&#32773;&#65292;&#23559;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#23057;&#23110;&#19990;&#30028;&#38477;&#29983;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Maitreya,  Ajita,  &#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/maitreya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Maitreya<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span> once taught: &laquo;&nbsp;Seek <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>.&nbsp;&raquo; This succinctly captures the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>: <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> combined with the aspiration to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood. By generating a strong motivation to benefit others, practitioners naturally develop the wish to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood so they can possess the capacity to benefit all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><h3><strong>Two: Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction<\/strong><\/h3><h4>Lineage of the Teachings<\/h4><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Shakyamuni, &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;,  &#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakyamuni<\/span>, transmitted countless methods for cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. These teachings can be broadly categorized into two main lineages:<\/p><ol><li>Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction<\/li><li>Exchanging Self and Others<\/li><\/ol><p>The Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction was taught by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(Jampa)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3928;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampe Gonpo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa mgon po&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya, Ajita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Maitreya is currently a bodhisattva and will achieve enlightenment and become a future Buddha of this world. Ajita is an alternate name of Maitreya in Amitabha Sutra and&nbsp; Lotus Sutra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#30340;&#32380;&#20219;&#32773;&#65292;&#23559;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#23057;&#23110;&#19990;&#30028;&#38477;&#29983;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Maitreya,  Ajita,  &#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/maitreya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Maitreya<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Ut<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tara<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span> Shastra (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ratna, Jewel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29645;&#23542;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24825;&#37027;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3919;&#4003; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(ratna); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rat+na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Ratna&amp;lt;\/b&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Ratna&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ratna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Ratna<\/span>gotravibh&#257;ga ) and passed to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Asanga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tog med); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thogs med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Asanga is the fourth century Indian founder of the Yogacara school of Mahayana Buddhism, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. The following works are agreed by scholars to be by Asa&#7749;ga: Mahayanasamgraha (Summary of the Great Vehicle), Abhidharma-samuccaya,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;&#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20315;&#25945;&#29788;&#20285;&#34892;&#21807;&#35672;&#23416;&#27966;&#39640;&#20711;&#65292;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#25885;&#22823;&#20056;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#12298;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#38598;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#33879;,  Asanga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/asanga\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Asanga<\/span>. It was then transmitted by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Asanga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tog med); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thogs med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Asanga is the fourth century Indian founder of the Yogacara school of Mahayana Buddhism, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. The following works are agreed by scholars to be by Asa&#7749;ga: Mahayanasamgraha (Summary of the Great Vehicle), Abhidharma-samuccaya,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;&#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20315;&#25945;&#29788;&#20285;&#34892;&#21807;&#35672;&#23416;&#27966;&#39640;&#20711;&#65292;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#25885;&#22823;&#20056;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#12298;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#38598;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#33879;,  Asanga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/asanga\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Asanga<\/span> to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Atisa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3944;&#3851;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3940; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(atisha),&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3911;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(joboje);&nbsp;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jo bo rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ati&#347;a D&#299;pankara Srijnana (982&ndash;1054), one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters was a Indian Buddhist master who spread Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism Sumatra and Tibet. He was the founder of Kadampa School in Tibet. His most influential work was Bodhipathaprad&#299;pa, or Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805; (982-1054) &#27861;&#34399;&#29123;&#29128;&#21513;&#31077;&#26234;&#65292;&#21360;&#24230;&#23391;&#21152;&#25289;&#21335;&#37096;&#29579;&#26063;&#65292;&#23565;&#35199;&#34255;&#24460;&#24344;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#36002;&#29563;&#26368;&#22823;&#30340;&#39640;&#20711;&#65292;&#25972;&#38931;&#25106;&#24459;&#65292;&#24314;&#31435;&#22134;&#30070;&#27966;&#65292;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;,&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#38627;&#34389;&#37323;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Atisa,  &#3911;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;,  &#38463;&#24213;&#23805;,  &#29123;&#29128;&#21513;&#31077;&#26234;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/atisa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Atisha<\/span>, who later brought it to Tibet.<\/p><p>The teaching of Exchanging Self and Others , on the other hand, is found in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avatamsaka, Flower Garland Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#26041;&#24291;&#20315;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3925;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (do palpo che); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo phal po che&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avatamsaka Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Avatamsaka Sutra (Flower Garland Sutra) is one of the most important of Mahayana sutras composed 500 years after the death of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#32147;&#20856;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20659;&#35498;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#23490;500&#24180;&#24460;&#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;&#36914;&#20837;&#40845;&#23470;&#21462;&#22238;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Avatamsaka,  &#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/avatamsaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Avatamsaka<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sutra,  &#32147;&#34255;,  &#22865;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> (Flower Garland <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sutra,  &#32147;&#34255;,  &#22865;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> ). This lineage was passed from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290; &#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25991;&#27530;, &#22937;&#21513;&#31077;, &#26364;&#27530;, &#34083;&#35997;&#22830;,  &#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;,  &#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;,  Manjushri,  Manjughosha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Manjushri<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span> to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Nagarjuna,  &#40845;&#27193;,  &#40845;&#29467;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Nagarjuna<\/span>, and later to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shantideva, Bhusuku; &#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (&#21830;&#22320;&#22042;&#29926;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3939;&#4023;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Zhiwa Lha); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Santideva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Shantideva (675-725) was an Indian Buddhist mahasiddha, the &amp;quot;Idle Monk&amp;quot;, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters and one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas. His most renowned work was Bodhicaryavatara or &amp;quot;A Guide to the Bodhisattva&amp;#039;s Way of Life&amp;quot;....\n&#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (675-725) &#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20013;&#35264;&#25033;&#25104;&#27966;&#33879;&#21517;&#20315;&#25945;&#23416;&#32773;, &#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#12298;&#20837;&#33769;&#34217;&#34892;&#35542;&#12299;&#30340;&#20316;&#32773;....&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3939;&#4023;,  &#23490;&#22825;,  Bhusuku &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shantideva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shantideva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Although practitioners may use either method, the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> that arises is ultimately the same. While both methods aim at the same goal, Exchanging Self and Others is more suited for advanced practitioners whose mindstreams are already familiar with the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. This method is considered more profound and challenging than the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction .<\/p><p>Some scholars suggest that Exchanging Self and Others encompasses the essence of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction , but upon cl<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oser, Woeser, Light ray&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20809;&#36637;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21807;&#33394;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3935;&#3962;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (oser); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;od zer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Oser is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Woeser, &Ouml;ser, Odzer.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21807;&#33394; \/ &#25105;&#33394; \/ &#32173;&#33394; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Woeser,  Oser,  Odzer,  &#21807;&#33394;,  &#25105;&#33394;,  &#32173;&#33394;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%9f%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>oser<\/span> examination of their respective stages, subtle differences remain. This view highlights how the two methods can complement each other and, in some contexts, be integrated into a unified practice.<\/p><p>For those who have not previously studied or cultivated <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, attempting to begin with Exchanging Self and Others might prove too difficult and fail to generate genuine experience. Therefore, beginners are encouraged to start with the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction, which provides a systematic and accessible approach.<\/p><h4>Origin of Names and Stages of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction<\/h4><p>The name &laquo;&nbsp;Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction&nbsp;&raquo; derives from its seven stages of practice, where each stage serves as the cause for the next, and each subsequent stage is the result of the preceding one. These stages are:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">1 Recognizing all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers<br>2 Recalling their kindness<br>3 Wishing to repay their kindness<br>4 Developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jampa, Love&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24904; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24375;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Metta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Metta means Love, Loving kindness, one of Four immeasurables.\nJampa is a common Tibetan name. It also means Maitreya. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Champa, Jamba, Djampa, Dschamba, Dschampa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24904;&#26159;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#24375;&#24052;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Metta,  &#24904;&#24859;,  &#24375;&#24052;,  Loving kindness,  Jampa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/jampa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">loving kindness<\/span><br>5 Developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span><br>6 Generating the altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span><br>7 Generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span><\/p><p>The essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings lies in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, and the foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>on of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings is great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Practitioners who cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings must begin by developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, and the method for cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is through recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers, recalling their kindness, repaying their kindness, and generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jampa, Love&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24904; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24375;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Metta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Metta means Love, Loving kindness, one of Four immeasurables.\nJampa is a common Tibetan name. It also means Maitreya. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Champa, Jamba, Djampa, Dschamba, Dschampa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24904;&#26159;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#24375;&#24052;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Metta,  &#24904;&#24859;,  &#24375;&#24052;,  Loving kindness,  Jampa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/jampa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">loving kindness<\/span>.<\/p><p>For practitioners to generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, they must regard the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and the attainment of happiness as their own irrevocable responsibility. This mindset transcends the mere aspiration for personal <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>, and the spirit of taking the salvation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as one&rsquo;s own duty is called altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span> .<\/p><p data-spm-anchor-id=\"2b75ac3d.2ef5001f.0.i291.3d4dc921x9kNNV\">To develop altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>, one must feel profound <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> for <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> trapped in the boundless suffering of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>. To generate such <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, one must view all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> with a joyful mind, seeing them all as beloved friends or family members, thereby generating loving-kindness.<\/p><p>To generate loving-kindness, one must understand that throughout our countless lifetimes in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>, every lifetime has had a mother. Therefore, every sentient being may have been our mother at some point. Reflecting on the immense and boundless kindness of our mothers, we see that they are now trapped in the vortex of suffering. As their children, if we stand by and do nothing, there is no greater shame than this! Thus, we should remember and repay the kindness of our mothers, thereby generating a heart of loving-kindness.<\/p><p>The key to successful practice lies in following the stages sequentially. Only when one genuinely experiences a particular stage can progress to the next occur.<\/p><p>Without adhering to this sequence, any loving-kindness, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> generated will be fleeting and superficial, unable to arise spontaneously toward all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> at all times. This is because the foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>onal stages were not firmly established, making the ultimate goal of generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> unattainable.<\/p><p>If practitioners have not cultivated the habit of practicing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> in past lives, even strenuous efforts in this life may yield only brief glimpses of loving-kindness, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><p>Since we did not practice these teachings in the past, we struggle to generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> today. If we neglect to follow the stages diligently in this life, we will remain unaccomplished in the future. Therefore, practitioners must resolve to practice systematically, ensuring genuine experience at each stage, so that one day authentic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> will naturally arise.<\/p><p>The arrangement of the seven stages of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction can be understood in two ways:<\/p><ol><li>The first way is to establish the first six stages as the causes for generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, with <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> being the result or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Resultant or Fruition Vehicle; &#26524;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36889;&#24067;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(drebu ); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;bras bu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Resultant vehicle emphasizes union of the wisdom of emptiness (prajna) and the skillful means of great bliss.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26524;&#20056;&#26159;&#26234;&#24935;&#31354;&#24615;&#21450;&#22823;&#27138;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#38617;&#36939;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Fruition,  &#26524;&#20056;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/fruition-vehicle\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">fruition<\/span> of these six stages.<\/li><li>Alternatively, there is another approach where altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span> (&#22686;&#19978;&#24847;&#27138;) and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> are established as the results, while the first five stages are considered the causes. The reasoning behind this arrangement lies in the fact that great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>on of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings. In this spirit, such an arrangement is made to highlight the centrality of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> in the practice.<\/li><\/ol><h4>Importance of Great Compassion<\/h4><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Madhyamakavatara; &#20837;&#20013;&#35542;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3926;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3956;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dbu ma la &amp;#039;jug pa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Madhyamakavatara;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Madhyamakavatara is a commentary by Chandrakirti on Nagarjuna&amp;#039;s treatise Mulamadhyamakakarika. It is the main text of most Tibetan monasteries for study on emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20837;&#20013;&#35542;&#26159;&#26376;&#31281;&#23565;&#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;&#12298;&#20013;&#35264;&#35542;&#12299;&#30340;&#35542;&#33879;&#12290; &#23427;&#26159;&#34255;&#23546;&#38498;&#30740;&#31350;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#25991;&#26412;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Madhyamakavatara,  &#20837;&#20013;&#35542;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/madhyamakavatara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Madhyamakavatara<\/span> states:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&laquo;&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> is the seed, water, and ripened fruit of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s vast attainment. Thus, I first praise great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><p>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>on of a practitioner&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span> in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism during the initial, intermediate, and final stages of practice. It is also the seed of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings. Why does a practitioner enter the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span>? The reason lies in the aspiration to free all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and guide them to happiness, praying to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood in order to possess the ability to benefit all beings. Therefore, at the beginning of practice, the practitioner must feel deep sorrow for the immense suffering that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> endure and wish to take on their pain. This is why generating great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is essential at the outset of practice. Only by cultivating great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> can one enter the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span> and become a member of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> lineage.<\/p><h4>Driving Force of Great Compassion<\/h4><p>After generating aspirational <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, practitioners must engage in the challenging practices of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span> and realize various <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stages of the path, Lamrim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532; (&#26391;&#26519;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(lamrim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lamrim (stages of the path) is a Tibetan Buddhist teaching for the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha. Atisa wrote the first root text, &amp;quot;A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment&amp;quot;. Many Tibetan masters wrote many versions including Tsongkhapa&amp;#039;s masterpiece &amp;quot;Lamrim Chenmo&amp;quot; (The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path of Enlightenment).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26681;&#25818;&#19981;&#21516;&#20154;&#36039;&#36074;&#26681;&#22120;&#19981;&#21516;&#65292;&#23559;&#20462;&#23416;&#21123;&#20998;&#28858;&#25976;&#20491;&#19981;&#21516;&#38542;&#27573;&#30340;&#36947;&#36335;&#25152;&#23531;&#25104;&#30340;&#20462;&#27861;&#26360;&#31821;&#12290;&#26368;&#26089;&#20986;&#29694;&#30340;&#33879;&#20316;&#26159;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#30340;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#24291;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20197;&#19979;&#28858;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#32147;&#26360; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;The following is a list of the most important Lamrim texts : ....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;,  Stages of the path,  Lamrim&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lamrim\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stages of the path<\/span> to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood. Along the way, countless difficulties and obstacles must be overcome. Without the driving force of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, practitioners would not have the strength to endure these trials and tribulations.<\/p><h4>Buddha&rsquo;s Endless Compassion<\/h4><p>After attaining perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>, out of boundless <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> for <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> still trapped in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>, refrained from entering <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parinirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33324;&#28037;&#27075;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nyangde); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;myang &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parinirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Parinirvana (nirvana without remainder) means the end of all rebirths in samsara of a Buddha as he achieved complete enlightenment and attained nirvana during his lifetime.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33324;&#28037;&#27075; (&#28961;&#39192;&#28037;&#27075;) &#26159;&#20315;&#21450;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#30340;&#36650;&#36852;&#32066;&#32080;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33324;&#28037;&#27075;,  Parinirvana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/parinirvana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">parinirvana<\/span> and continued to perform activities for the benefit of beings until <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> is emptied. Our ability to benefit from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> today is due to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s never-ending great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Affectionate Loving-Kindness<\/h4><p>To generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, practitioners must eliminate the distinctions they make between loved ones, enemies, and neutral beings, viewing all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as their most cherished child. With joy and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, they regard all beings with affection. This is called affectionate loving-kindness.<\/p><h4>Loving-Kindness and Compassion<\/h4><p>Loving-kindness can be divided into two types: affectionate loving-kindness and wishing beings to have happiness. Affectionate loving-kindness must arise before <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, while wishing beings to have happiness can arise either before or after <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. This illustrates the causal relationship between loving-kindness and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><p>In the past, while teaching abroad, I encountered a listener who believed that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is easier to generate than loving-kindness and therefore suggested that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> should precede loving-kindness in the sequence of practice. This insight <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>demon<\/span>strates deep reflection on the relationship between loving-kindness and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which is commendable. Such a view places wishing beings to have happiness after <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, meaning the sequence of these two is not fixed. However, the sequence of affectionate loving-kindness must always come before <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Only by generating affectionate loving-kindness and viewing all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> equally can practitioners then give rise to genuine great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Foundation of Equanimity<\/h4><p>Before meditating on affectionate loving-kindness, practitioners must cultivate the three preliminary stages: recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers (&#30693;&#27597; ), recalling their kindness, and wishing to repay their kindness. Before practicing recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers, one must first cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> as a foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>onal practice.<\/p><p>Cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> is like leveling the ground before building a house. Only when the ground is level can materials be stacked upon it. We tend to cling to what we like and reject what we dislike, creating an unequal mindset. This bias must be addressed and eliminated when cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Equanimity<\/span> can be broadly categorized into three types:<\/p><ol><li>Action <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>: Avoiding <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, and indifference in behavior.<\/li><li>Feeling <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>: Avoiding distinctions based on feelings of pleasure, pain, or neutrality.<\/li><li>Limitless <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>: The type of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> that practitioners focus on here, which extends boundlessly to all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> without discrimination.<\/li><\/ol><h4>Preminary Practice: Equanimity<\/h4><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Equanimity<\/span> is not only the foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>on for generating all stages of realizations and virtues but also the root cause for eliminating suffering and attaining happiness. The essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> lies in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, which requires the prior cultivation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. To generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, one must first possess <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>. Therefore, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> serves as the basis for practitioners to develop realizations and virtues at each stage of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span> and ultimately attain the perfect happiness of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood.<\/p><p>Due to our inability to cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, our spontaneous thoughts are often driven by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to what we like and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span> to what we dislike. These mental habits lead to the creation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, resulting in the experience of its painful consequences. By cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, practitioners can close the door to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s, avoid creating further <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, and thereby cut off the root of all suffering.<\/p><h4>Two methods for cultivating equanimity<\/h4><ol><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> three groups of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> present before you one group at a time<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> three groups of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> simultaneously present before you<\/li><\/ol><h4>1.1 Attitude Toward Neutral Beings<\/h4><p>The First Step:&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> a neutral sentient being&mdash;one who is neither a friend nor an enemy&mdash;in front of you. Reflect that harming such a being would be an extremely irrational act, and thus, one should refrain from causing harm. Furthermore, consider that this person may have been of great benefit to you in the past, so it is inappropriate to remain indifferent toward them.<\/p><h4>1.2 Attitude Toward Loved Ones<\/h4><p>Next, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> a close loved one&mdash;such as a family member or dear friend&mdash;in front of you. Reflect that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and clinging are the chains that bind us to the ocean of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>. The faults arising from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and clinging cause us to wander endlessly through cyclic existence without <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>. Our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to loved ones is not solely due to their benefits to us but rather stems from habitual tendencies of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Craving, Desire&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;&#24859;, &#27442;&#26395;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#4018;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(sepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sred pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Trishna, Trsna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Trishna, Trsna (craving, thirst, desire) is one of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a person drinking alcohol continuously.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20843;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#24859;&#12301;, &#24859;&#30001;&#21463;&#32780;&#20358;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#20197;&#25163;&#25569;&#37202;&#29942;&#29378;&#39154;&#19981;&#27490;&#30340;&#37202;&#39740;&#27604;&#21947;&#24859;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Craving,  &#36010;&#24859;,  Trishna,  Trsna&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/trishna\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">craving<\/span> cultivated in the past. For instance, someone who currently provides us with food, medicine, clothing, or shelter may have caused us great harm in the past. Now, merely because they offer some small benefit, we become attached to them&mdash;a highly unreasonable reaction. Therefore, we should abandon <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and clinging to loved ones.<\/p><h4>1.3 Attitude Toward Enemies<\/h4><p>Finally, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> an enemy&mdash;someone you harbor <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Resentment; &#24616;&#24680;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3921;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khon du dzin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khon du &amp;#039;dzin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Upanaha;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Resentment (upanaha) is one of Twenty Subsidiary Destructive Emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24680;&#26159;&#20108;&#21313;&#38568;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upanaha,  &#24616;&#24680;,  Resentment &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upanaha-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">resentment<\/span> toward&mdash;in front of you. Reflect that hatred causes immense suffering for both oneself and others. As stated in A Guide to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span>&rsquo;s Way of Life : &laquo;&nbsp;There is no greater sin than hatred.&nbsp;&raquo; Therefore, we should not harbor hatred but instead view this person with <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>. Our anger toward enemies is not always due to their harmful actions; sometimes, it arises from our own habitual <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s, even when no harm has been done. For example, consider two families who were once financially similar and lived harmoniously. If one family becomes wealthy through business, a gap in wealth may arise, leading to estrangement and eventual disconnection. Even when faced with harm from others, we should reflect that while they may harm us now, they might have sacrificed their lives to protect us in the past. How can we harbor hatred toward those who have shown such imme<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Demi-god, Asura; &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947; (&#25289;&#25935;\/&#25289;&#40635;&#38899;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(lha min)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lha miyin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha min, lha ma yin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Asura;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Demi-god (asura) is one of the six classes of beings (Sadgati) in Buddhist cosmology. Asuras are supernatural beings who live in lower levels of mount Sumeru, obsessed with sensuous aspects of existence and jealousy, endlessly engaged in wars against the Devas (gods).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21972;&#24594;&#23241;&#22930;&#24515;&#37325;&#12289;&#22909;&#29229;&#39717;&#65292;&#24120;&#33287;&#22825;&#20154;&#25136;&#29229;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Asura,  &#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923;,  &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;,  Demi-god&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/asura\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>asura<\/span>ble kindness?<\/p><p>From our perspective or that of other <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, harboring indifference, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, or hatred toward neutral beings, loved ones, or enemies is unwise and unreasonable. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentient beings<\/span>, driven by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>karma<\/span> and habitual tendencies, lack autonomy over their circumstances and cannot choose whether to be our friends or enemies. They are like three destitute beggars&mdash;starving, thirsty, and ragged&mdash;who simultaneously approach us for help. From our perspective, all three are equally in need of assistance. From their perspective, all three equally yearn for our aid. If we discriminate, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20379;&#39178;,  Offering,  &#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;,  &#21371;&#22810;,  Cho do&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span> food and clothing only to one (a loved one) while ignoring or even scolding the others, such thoughts and actions are utterly unreasonable. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentient beings<\/span>, driven by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations, find themselves in dire situations akin to those of beggars. Thus, we should abandon discrimination and cultivate an attitude of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> toward all.<\/p><h4>Meditating on Equanimity Toward Enemies, Loved Ones, and Neutral Beings Simultaneously<\/h4><p>The second method is to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> three groups of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> simultaneously present before you: neutral beings in front, loved ones to your right, and enemies to your left. Using the methods described earlier, cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> toward all three groups.<\/p><p>Practitioners can choose the method that is easier for them to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> or that generates stronger realizations as the basis for their practice.<\/p><p>After meditating in this way, practitioners can further contemplate two phenomena in life:<\/p><ol><li>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Impermanence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#22612;&#24085;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3999;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(mitakpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi rtag pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anitya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Impermanence, change, is nature of all phenomena in Samsara. All things decay and pass away once they are created. It is one of Sixteen Aspects of the Four Noble Truths (Truth of Suffering).&#8203;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120;&#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#29694;&#35937;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#20107;&#29289;&#34928;&#25943;&#21644;&#28040;&#36893;&#30340;&#29305;&#36074;&#65292;&#26159;&#30171;&#33510;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#24120;,  Impermanence,  Anitya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/impermanence\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">impermanence<\/span> of benefit and harm : Those who benefit us now may have harmed us in the past, and those who harm us now may have once been our greatest benefactors. The actions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> toward us are unpredictable and uncertain.<\/li><li>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Impermanence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#22612;&#24085;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3999;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(mitakpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi rtag pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anitya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Impermanence, change, is nature of all phenomena in Samsara. All things decay and pass away once they are created. It is one of Sixteen Aspects of the Four Noble Truths (Truth of Suffering).&#8203;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120;&#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#29694;&#35937;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#20107;&#29289;&#34928;&#25943;&#21644;&#28040;&#36893;&#30340;&#29305;&#36074;&#65292;&#26159;&#30171;&#33510;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#24120;,  Impermanence,  Anitya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/impermanence\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">impermanence<\/span> of relationships : In life, it is common for close friends to become enemies or for enemies to become close friends.<br>Reflecting on these truths helps practitioners understand that enemies, loved ones, and neutral beings are all subject to change. This contemplation strengthens <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>.<\/li><\/ol><p>In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sutra,  &#32147;&#34255;,  &#22865;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>sutra<\/span>s, it is recorded that the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span> once taught an extremely miserly disciple by instructing him to take an object from his left hand and give it to his right hand, while visualizing the left hand as himself and the right hand as other <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. This method was used to counteract his <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to possessions.<\/p><p>As practitioners of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>, we must diligently put into practice the teachings we have heard and contemplated, gradually generating realizations in our mindstreams. This is the only <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span> to attainment. Without diligent practice, even extensive learning and intellectual understanding will yield only meager and limited benefits.<\/p><p>Thus, practitioners should follow the guidance of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Immeasurables&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;, &#24904;&#24754;&#21916;&#25448;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3921;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tseme shyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshad med bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Brahmavihara, Caturapramana, Apramana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four immeasurables are four qualities of completely enlightened beings:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jampa) &#24904; Love (metta): wish that beings are happy and have causes of happiness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ningje) &#24754; Compassion (karuna): wish that beings are free from suffering and causes of suffering&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3936;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gawa) &#21916; Joy (mudita): wish that beings remain happy and happiness increase further&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tangnyom) &#25448; Equanimity (upekkha): wish that beings are free from attachment and aversion to others.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#26159;&#24904;&#28961;&#37327;&#12289;&#24754;&#28961;&#37327;&#12289;&#21916;&#28961;&#37327;&#21644;&#25448;&#28961;&#37327;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Four immeasurables,  &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;,  Caturapramana,  Brahmavihara,  Apramana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-immeasurables\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">four immeasurables<\/span>: &laquo;&nbsp;May all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> be free from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, closeness, and distance, and abide in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>.&nbsp;&raquo; Like a full moon without any blemish, they should equally regard all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> without abandoning anyone.<\/p><h4>Equanimity and Vajrayana Practice<\/h4><p>In <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yana,  &#20056;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> practice, the symbol of a full moon with a crossed <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vajra<\/span> above it is often used. The full moon represents relative <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, which is cultivated through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> toward all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. Only by developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> can practitioners generate the realizations of the various stages of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Yoga means union. In Tantric Buddhism, it refers to an esoteric practice.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#24847;&#26159;&#30456;&#25033;, &#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#28145;&#22887;&#20462;&#25345;&#27861;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yoga,  &#29788;&#20285;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yoga\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yoga<\/span> (generation and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;,  Completion Stage\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>s). Without <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, it is impossible to stop <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s such as <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, which create obstacles to the arising of any spiritual attainments. Practitioners will also fail to generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. Therefore, practitioners should not abandon any <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> they dislike, as these beings are the key to cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> and the root of generating realizations in the stages of practice.<\/p><h4>Central Role of Great Compassion<\/h4><p>In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sutra,  &#32147;&#34255;,  &#22865;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> of Boundless Wisdom , <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Shakyamuni, &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;,  &#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakyamuni<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span> said to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Venerable&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23562;&#25964;&#30340;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31574;&#30070; &#28359;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3962;&#3851;&#3921;&#3908;&#3851;&#3939;&#4001;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tse dang denpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshe dang ldan pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Venerable,  &#23562;&#25964;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/venerable\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Venerable<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shariputra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33294;&#21033;&#24343; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22799;&#26085;&#20234;&#24067;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(sharibu); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shA ri&amp;#039;i bu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sariputra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Shariputra (son of Sari) was one of two chief male disciples of Gautama Buddha. He is regarded as the disciple of the Buddha who was foremost in wisdom. He became an arhat renowned for his teaching in the Theravada tradition.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33294;&#21033;&#24343;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#20841;&#20301;&#22823;&#24351;&#23376;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26234;&#24935;&#31532;&#19968;&#32862;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Shariputra, &#33293;&#21033;&#23376;, &#33293;&#21033;&#24343;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shariputra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shariputra<\/span>:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&laquo;&nbsp;Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is inexhaustible. Why? Because it is the guide. Just as the breath sustains life, so too does great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> guide the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span>.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><p>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is like a seed that grows into lush branches and abundant fruit. Whether practitioners can generate the various attainments and virtues of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span>, bringing happiness to themselves and others, depends on whether they can cultivate great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya, Discipline&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27607;&#22856;&#32822;, &#24459;&#34255;, &#32000;&#24459;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dulwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dul ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vinaya, the first of the Tripitaka, It is a collection of Buddhist scriptures containing the rules and procedures that govern the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24459;&#34255;&#26159;&#19977;&#34255;&#32147;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#37096;&#65292;&#31649;&#29702;&#20315;&#25945;&#20711;&#22296;&#30340;&#35215;&#21063;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vinaya,  &#27607;&#22856;&#32822;,  &#24459;&#34255;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vinaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vinaya<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sutra,  &#32147;&#34255;,  &#22865;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> also states: &laquo;&nbsp;In the vast ocean of teachings, if one seeks the most essential, it is always great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> that comes first.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><p>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the essence of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span> teachings. If practitioners can genuinely generate the realization and attainment of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> in their mindstreams, it is like holding a &laquo;&nbsp;wish-fulfilling jewel&nbsp;&raquo; that can fulfill all aspirations, enabling them to comprehend all teachings. If practitioners diligently cultivate great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, it is like the chariot of a universal monarch, surrounded and protected by a million soldiers wherever it goes, leading to the attainments and virtues of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s.<\/p><h4>Bodhicitta, Great Compassion, and Altruism<\/h4><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> is the key to entering the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span>, and great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is its foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>on. Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> arises from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>. Therefore, practitioners must constantly maintain an altruistic mindset in every thought and action.<\/p><h3>Three: Recognizing all Sentient Beings as Mothers<\/h3><p>The first stage of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction is &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&nbsp;&raquo;. This teaching can be explained through both scriptural reasoning and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oral Transmission; &#21475;&#20659;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#40845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Oral Transmission is a ceremony in which a guru reads aloud, to disciples, a Buddhist text that the guru has previously received from his\/her own guru.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#21475;&#20659;&#26159;&#19978;&#24107;&#21521;&#24351;&#23376;&#26391;&#35712;&#19978;&#24107;&#20808;&#21069;&#24478;&#33258;&#24049;&#19978;&#24107;&#37027;&#35041;&#25910;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#32147;&#21475;&#20659;&#30340;&#20736;&#24335;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21475;&#20659;,  Oral Transmission&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/oral-transmissio\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">oral transmission<\/span>. Here, we will use the process of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> entering the womb at the beginning of this life to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>demon<\/span>strate that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been our mothers in past lives.<\/p><p>Our current life began when our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> entered the mother&rsquo;s womb. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Consciousness<\/span> is a continuous stream, like a river, where each moment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> arises as the immediate cause of the next. This continuity cannot originate from external material substances, which can only serve as contributing conditions. Therefore, some scientists&rsquo; claims that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span>s can create new life through technology are incorrect. While science can replicate physical organs, it cannot create <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>, as <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> must arise from the continuity of the previous moment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>. It cannot be artificially created through technology.<\/p><h4>Continuity of Consciousness and Past Lives<\/h4><p>In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sutra,  &#32147;&#34255;,  &#22865;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>sutra<\/span>s, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span> uses the analogy of two candles: when an old candle is about to burn out, its flame is transferred to a new candle. The new flame is a continuation of the old flame, but it cannot be said that the new flame is identical to the old one. Similarly, although we may have been born as animals or gods in past lives, and now we are <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span>, it does not mean that our current <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is the same as that of an animal or god. Instead, it means that our current <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is a continuation of those past streams of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>.<\/p><p>Practitioners should reflect on whether <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> could arise suddenly without a prior cause. If <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> could arise spontaneously, then learning would lose its purpose. A spontaneously arising <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> would be fragmentary and discontinuous, unable to accumulate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rigpa, Knowledge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26126;, &#26234;&#24935;, &#24847;&#35672;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26085;&#24052;); Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rigpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rig pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vidya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vidya means knowledge. The Tibetan term &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rigpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; means awareness.&nbsp;Alternate spelling \/ Variations:&nbsp; Rikpa.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vidya,  Awareness,  Knowledge,  Rigpa,  &#24847;&#35672;,  &#26085;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rigpa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">knowledge<\/span> or skills from one moment to the next. This contradicts reality. Therefore, it is established that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is a continuous process, with each moment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> arising from the previous one. Today&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> arises from yesterday&rsquo;s, and so on, tracing back to the moment when our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> first entered the womb (the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kalala; &#32687;&#32645;&#34253;&#20301;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kalala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kalala is the first stage of fetal development in Buddhist embryology.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20315;&#25945;&#23565;&#32974;&#20818;&#30332;&#32946;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&#20043;&#31281;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32687;&#32645;&#34253;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kalala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">kalala<\/span> stage). That initial <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> was also a continuation of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> from the previous life. By extending this reasoning, we conclude that we have had countless past lives.<\/p><h4>Deduction of Countless Mothers<\/h4><p>Since we have had countless past lives, and in each life we have had a body, we must have been born through one of the four types of birth: womb-born, egg-born, moisture-born, or transformation-born. Among these, womb-born and egg-born require a mother. Thus, we have had countless mothers across our past lives, and it is impossible that the same person has been our mother in every life. From this, it follows that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been our mothers at some point, and likely multiple times.<\/p><p>For example, consider the beings on Earth, which undergo cycles of formation, existence, destruction, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;,  &#31354;&#24615;,  &#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;,  Shunyata,  Sunyata,  Emptiness,  Vacuity,  Voidness,  &#26481;&#24052;&#23612;, \n&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>. When Earth is destroyed and before it is reformed, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> of beings on Earth may have taken <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jati,  Rebirth,  &#20986;&#29983;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in the heavens or in other continents (such as <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;,   Four Continents,  Purvavideha,  Aparagodaniya,  Uttarakuru,  Jambudvipa,  \n&#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;,  &#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;,  &#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;,  &#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Uttarakuru<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;,   Four Continents,  Purvavideha,  Aparagodaniya,  Uttarakuru,  Jambudvipa,  \n&#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;,  &#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;,  &#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;,  &#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Jambudvipa<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;,   Four Continents,  Purvavideha,  Aparagodaniya,  Uttarakuru,  Jambudvipa,  \n&#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;,  &#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;,  &#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;,  &#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Uttarakuru<\/span>). <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Consciousness<\/span> continues unbroken, repeatedly entering the womb and taking on new lives. As the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sutra,  &#32147;&#34255;,  &#22865;&#32147;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>sutra<\/span>s teach, if we were to count the number of our past mothers using mustard seeds, even exhausting the number of particles of dust on Earth would not suffice to enumerate them all.<\/p><h4>Viewing All Sentient Beings as Our Mothers<\/h4><p>Our past mothers cared for and loved us just as deeply as our present mother. How, then, can we differentiate between <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> who have all been our mothers? Even if we do not recognize our past mothers in this life, the fact remains that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been our mothers, and they have shown us immense kindness. Therefore, we should not view <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> with discrimination but regard them all as equal to our present mother. Failing to do so is akin to failing to recognize our own mother in this life.<\/p><h4>Practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing Sentient Beings as Mothers&nbsp;&raquo;<\/h4><p>When practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers,&nbsp;&raquo; practitioners should start with beings close to them&mdash;those who easily evoke <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>&mdash;and gradually expand outward. This approach makes it easier to generate realizations. It is not advisable to start with neutral beings while neglecting those cl<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oser, Woeser, Light ray&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20809;&#36637;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21807;&#33394;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3935;&#3962;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (oser); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;od zer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Oser is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Woeser, &Ouml;ser, Odzer.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21807;&#33394; \/ &#25105;&#33394; \/ &#32173;&#33394; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Woeser,  Oser,  Odzer,  &#21807;&#33394;,  &#25105;&#33394;,  &#32173;&#33394;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%9f%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>oser<\/span> to us. Following the sequence of friends, enemies, and neutral beings, practitioners should regard all three types of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as essentially the same as their present mother.<\/p><h4>Relationship Between &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing Sentient Beings as Mothers&nbsp;&raquo; and Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>The reason for practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&nbsp;&raquo; before generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> is that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> arises from great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which in turn arises from affectionate loving-kindness. Affectionate loving-kindness is cultivated through the practices of remembering and repaying kindness. Among all our relatives, our mother is the closest and most kind. Therefore, practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&nbsp;&raquo; is the easiest way to generate gratitude and the wish to repay kindness, which then leads to affectionate loving-kindness, great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, and ultimately, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Four: Recalling their Kindness<\/h3><p>The practice of &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling kindness&nbsp;&raquo; must be based on the prior cultivation of &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&nbsp;&raquo;. Practitioners, having recognized that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been their mothers in countless past lives, should reflect that these beings are no different from their present mother, who has shown them boundless love through giving birth and raising them. By contemplating the profound kindness of these mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, practitioners can cultivate gratitude.<\/p><p>When practicing this <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Meditation, Mental Concentration, Samten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#19977;&#28359;\/&#26705;&#20025;); Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;tibetan&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3928;&#3851;&#3906;&#3919;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sam tan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsam gtan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhyana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jhana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dhyana is Mental concentration \/ meditation to withdraw mind from sense responses leading to perfect awareness. Dhyana paramita is one of the Six Perfections.\nSamten is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;&#26159;&#25351;&#22235;&#31278;&#33394;&#30028;&#23450;&#65292;&#20196;&#24515;&#23560;&#27880;&#26044;&#26576;&#19968;&#23565;&#35937;&#65292;&#36948;&#26044;&#19981;&#25955;&#20098;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&#31146;&#23450;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#26705;&#20025;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jhana, &#31146;&#37027;,  Dhyana,  Meditation, Samten, &#26705;&#20025;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/meditation-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">meditation<\/span>, one should not <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> these mother-like beings as powerful or strong but rather as frail and suffering from illness or hardship. Regardless of the teaching being practiced, it is essential to immerse oneself fully in the visualization, as if personally experiencing the situation. For example, when meditating on the sufferings of the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s, practitioners must vividly feel the intense pain of burning fires, freezing cold, or unbearable hunger. Similarly, when practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling kindness,&nbsp;&raquo; one must imagine being in the womb or cradled in the arms of one&rsquo;s mother, deeply reflecting on her acts of giving birth and nurturing.<\/p><p>It is crucial not to remain detached, like observing a painting, where the subject and oneself remain separate. Such detachment will fail to generate any genuine realization or spiritual attainment.<\/p><p>The practice of recalling kindness can be divided into three stages: early, middle, and later.<\/p><p>In the early stage , reflect on the mother&rsquo;s condition after becoming pregnant. Every movement becomes inconvenient, even simple actions like turning over, sitting down, or standing up become heavy burdens for her. Yet, she does not complain. Her diet and daily activities are restricted to ensure the safety of the fetus. She avoids foods she once enjoyed if they might harm the child. All these sacrifices stem from her <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anatman, Selfless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#25105;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (bdag med); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anatman;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anatta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Anatman refers to the Buddhist doctrine of total absence of a &amp;quot;soul&amp;quot;, self or knowable existence, internal or external to a person&amp;#039;s body and mind.&nbsp;Each living being is only an association of five Aggregates (skandhas), which disintegrate at death.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#32681;&#35498;&#65292;&#27599;&#19968;&#20491;&#29983;&#21629;&#21482;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#30340;&#32858;&#21512;&#65292;&#22312;&#27515;&#20129;&#26178;&#20998;&#35299;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27704;&#24646;&#30340;&#33258;&#25105;&#38728;&#39746;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Anatta,  Anatman,  &#28961;&#25105;,  Selfless&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anatman\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">selfless<\/span> and profound maternal love.<\/p><p>Consider this: if we were to carry an object weighing one or two kilograms for just a few hours, we would feel tired and impatient. Yet, a mother carries this weight throughout her pregnancy, especially during the last three months when the burden is heaviest. If not for her careful protection, how could we have been born safely, with healthy bodies, and the opportunity to study the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>? Despite enduring numerous inconveniences and pains, she does not consider them hardships. When the child is finally born, her joy is overwhelming, and all her suffering vanishes in an instant.<\/p><p>After the child is born, the mother provides meticulous care, teaching the child essential life skills such as eating, drinking, walking, and speaking. She worries about the child&rsquo;s health and seeks medical help tirelessly whenever the child falls ill. She sacrifices her own comfort, staying up late and losing sleep to care for the child. She reserves the best food for the child, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Mara,  Demon,  &#22825;&#39764;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>demon<\/span>strating boundless kindness. These acts of love are too numerous to count. This is the middle stage of a mother&rsquo;s kindness.<\/p><p>As the child grows older, the mother, who could otherwise live a simpler life focused only on her own needs, works tirelessly to provide better living conditions for the child. She competes with others for resources and wealth, even committing negative actions that may lead to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jati,  Rebirth,  &#20986;&#29983;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in the lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s. Despite this, she willingly endures such consequences, striving to accumulate wealth so the child can live comfortably. She sacrifices her youth and bears many burdens, yet does not consider it suffering. This is the later stage of a mother&rsquo;s kindness.<\/p><h4>The Universality and Importance of Gratitude<\/h4><p>However, after growing up, some children, having achieved success, wealth, power, or status, may think highly of themselves and forget the kindness of their mother&rsquo;s nurturing. This attitude is deeply mistaken. Reflect on the fact that our abilities today are cultivated gradually through upbringing, not innate. Without our mother&rsquo;s kindness, how could we possess these abilities?<\/p><p>This maternal love is not limited to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span>s. Even animal mothers, though differing in physical and mental capacities, show no less love for their offspring than <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span> mothers. This can be observed in documentaries capturing the daily lives of animals. Their protective instincts and sacrifices for their young mirror the kindness of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span> mothers.<\/p><h4>Practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling Kindness&nbsp;&raquo;<\/h4><p>When practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling kindness,&nbsp;&raquo; practitioners should begin by focusing on their own parents, reflecting deeply on their kindness in raising them. Then, gradually extend this reflection to include friends and relatives, followed by neutral beings, and finally, even enemies. This is the method for practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling kindness.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><p>By expanding the scope of gratitude in this way, practitioners can break down barriers of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Attachment&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga (Attachment, desire, passion or greed) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Raga,  Attachment, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#30603;,  Dvesha,  Aversion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, cultivating a universal sense of gratitude toward all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. This lays the foun<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Destroyer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30772;&#22750;&#32773;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dati\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dati<\/span>on for generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Five: Wishing to Repay their Kindness<\/h3><p>If practitioners can genuinely generate realizations through the practice of &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers,&nbsp;&raquo; they will naturally progress to practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling kindness.&nbsp;&raquo; If they can genuinely generate realizations through &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling kindness,&nbsp;&raquo; they will easily develop the aspiration to repay kindness.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentient beings<\/span>, obscured by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ignorance, Delusion; &#30196;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(timuk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moha (delusion, confusion or ignorance) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30196;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Moha,  &#30196;,  Delusion,  Ignorance&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ignorance\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ignorance<\/span> and tormented by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations, suffer immensely in both body and mind. They are like an elderly woman who has lost her mental faculties (her <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;,  &#35672;&#34314;,  Consciousness,  Vinnana,  Vijnana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is controlled by greed, anger, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ignorance, Delusion; &#30196;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(timuk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moha (delusion, confusion or ignorance) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30196;&#26159;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Moha,  &#30196;,  Delusion,  Ignorance&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ignorance\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ignorance<\/span>, leaving her unable to act autonomously, trapped in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>), blind (unable to see or recognize the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span> to a good <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jati,  Rebirth,  &#20986;&#29983;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span> or celestial <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s), afflicted with serious illness (tormented by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obstacles, enduring physical and mental suffering), burning with the fires of anger (hatred) and thirst (greed), burdened by heavy loads (having committed grave <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>), lacking a cane for support (no one to help them escape suffering), and without a guide (no virtuous teacher to lead them out of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>). Stumbling and staggering toward a cliff (the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s), she unknowingly approaches great danger. On the verge of falling from the cliff, even strangers unrelated to her would feel <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and extend a helping hand. How much more so should her own children, who have a close bond, take action to rescue her?<\/p><p>Practitioners, having attained this precious <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span> life endowed with leisure and opportunity, and having encountered virtuous teachers who teach the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dharma<\/span>, enabling them to study <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yana,  &#20056;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings, are like individuals with clear vision who can see their surroundings. Thus, they are the most suitable candidates to undertake the task of rescuing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>&mdash;like their mothers&mdash;who are trapped in perilous situations.<\/p><h4>Practice and Goal of Repaying Kindness<\/h4><p>When practicing &laquo;&nbsp;Repaying kindness,&nbsp;&raquo; practitioners should not only assist mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> in alleviating temporary suffering (such as providing food, clothing, or medicine when they lack these necessities) but also contemplate how to help <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> completely free themselves from suffering and attain ultimate happiness. Unless one attains perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood, it will be impossible to fully resolve the suffering of mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> who <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Desi, Regent, Governor; &#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#35199;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (de si); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sde srid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Desi is a common Tibetan name meaning governor, regent.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#24503;&#35199;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Desi,  &#24503;&#35199;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/regent\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>desi<\/span>re happiness yet cannot obtain it and wish to avoid suffering yet cannot escape it. Through such reflection, practitioners generate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> aspiration: &laquo;&nbsp;For the benefit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, I <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><h3>Six: Developing Loving Kindness<\/h3><p>The key to generating affectionate loving-kindness lies in whether practitioners can repeatedly familiarize themselves with the practices of &laquo;&nbsp;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers,&nbsp;&raquo; &laquo;&nbsp;Recalling kindness,&nbsp;&raquo; and &laquo;&nbsp;Repaying kindness.&nbsp;&raquo; If they can generate realizations through repeated practice, they will naturally develop affectionate loving-kindness, viewing all mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> with love. The practice of affectionate loving-kindness can be divided into three stages:<\/p><p>1 Why not enable <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> to attain happiness?<br>2 May all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> possess happiness. (Aspiration)<br>3 I will take on the responsibility of enabling <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> to attain happiness. (Altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>)<\/p><h3>Seven: Developing Compassion<\/h3><p>After meditating on <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Equanimity,  Upeksha,  &#31561;&#25448;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, which is like leveling the ground, practitioners must plant the seed of all virtues&mdash;great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>&mdash;into the soil and continuously nourish it with the water and nutrients of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. This analogy illustrates that great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the seed of all virtues and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> can be broadly categorized into three types:<\/p><ol><li>Ordinary <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which arises toward one&rsquo;s own children.<\/li><li>Me<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Demi-god, Asura; &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947; (&#25289;&#25935;\/&#25289;&#40635;&#38899;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(lha min)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lha miyin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha min, lha ma yin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Asura;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Demi-god (asura) is one of the six classes of beings (Sadgati) in Buddhist cosmology. Asuras are supernatural beings who live in lower levels of mount Sumeru, obsessed with sensuous aspects of existence and jealousy, endlessly engaged in wars against the Devas (gods).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21972;&#24594;&#23241;&#22930;&#24515;&#37325;&#12289;&#22909;&#29229;&#39717;&#65292;&#24120;&#33287;&#22825;&#20154;&#25136;&#29229;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Asura,  &#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923;,  &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;,  Demi-god&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/asura\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>asura<\/span>ble <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which arises through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Meditation, Mental Concentration, Samten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#19977;&#28359;\/&#26705;&#20025;); Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;tibetan&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3928;&#3851;&#3906;&#3919;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sam tan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsam gtan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhyana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jhana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dhyana is Mental concentration \/ meditation to withdraw mind from sense responses leading to perfect awareness. Dhyana paramita is one of the Six Perfections.\nSamten is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;&#26159;&#25351;&#22235;&#31278;&#33394;&#30028;&#23450;&#65292;&#20196;&#24515;&#23560;&#27880;&#26044;&#26576;&#19968;&#23565;&#35937;&#65292;&#36948;&#26044;&#19981;&#25955;&#20098;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&#31146;&#23450;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#26705;&#20025;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jhana, &#31146;&#37027;,  Dhyana,  Meditation, Samten, &#26705;&#20025;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/meditation-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">meditation<\/span>.<\/li><li>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which serves as the immediate cause for generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> in the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction.<\/li><\/ol><p>Additionally, based on the object of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, it can be divided into three types:<\/p><ol><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> arising from observing the various sufferings of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, called <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> related to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> arising from contemplating the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Impermanence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#22612;&#24085;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3999;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(mitakpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi rtag pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anitya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Impermanence, change, is nature of all phenomena in Samsara. All things decay and pass away once they are created. It is one of Sixteen Aspects of the Four Noble Truths (Truth of Suffering).&#8203;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120;&#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#29694;&#35937;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#20107;&#29289;&#34928;&#25943;&#21644;&#28040;&#36893;&#30340;&#29305;&#36074;&#65292;&#26159;&#30171;&#33510;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#24120;,  Impermanence,  Anitya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/impermanence\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">impermanence<\/span> of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> (phenomena), called <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> related to phenomena.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> arising from understanding the truth of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dependent Origination, Dependent Arising, Interdependence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#28359;&#21746;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tendrel), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten &amp;#039;brel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten cing &amp;#039;brel bar &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;byung ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prat&#299;tyasamutp&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pratityasamutpada, Dependent arising is a key doctrine common to all schools of Buddhism: all things (inner and outer phenomena, dharmas and principles) arise in dependence upon other things.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215;&#26159;&#26997;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#27010;&#24565;: &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#28858;&#27861;&#37117;&#26159;&#22240;&#21508;&#31278;&#22240;&#32227;&#21644;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pratityasamutpada,  &#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;,  &#32227;&#36215;,  Dependent Origination,  Dependent Arising,  Interdependence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dependent-origination\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dependent origination<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;,  &#31354;&#24615;,  &#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;,  Shunyata,  Sunyata,  Emptiness,  Vacuity,  Voidness,  &#26481;&#24052;&#23612;, \n&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>, observing that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> lack <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sobawa, Nature, Inherent existence; &#33258;&#24615;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26412;&#36074; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#26032;, &#26797;&#24052;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (rang shyin), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4013;&#3851;&#3926;&#4023;&#3953;&#3851;&#3933; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(sobhawa)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang bzhin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;swa b+hA wa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;s&ouml;bhawa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Alternate spellings: Svabhava, Sobhawa, Svabava&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26797;&#24052;&#21703;,  Sobawa,  Inherent Existence,  &#33258;&#24615;,  &#3942;&#4013;&#3851;&#3926;&#4023;&#3953;&#3851;&#3933;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%84%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%9e%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">inherent existence<\/span>, called <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> related to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ultimate Truth, Absolute Truth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21213;&#32681;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#20025;&#30331;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(don-dam den-pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;don dam bden pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paramartha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramartha (ultimate or absolute truth) is the way things really are,&nbsp; as distinct from how things appear to be or Samvriti (conventional truth).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Different Buddhist schools have different meanings for Paramartha. According to Nagarjuna, phenomena are ultimately empty (sunyata) in nature, without inherent self essence, but exist depending on other phenomena.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21213;&#32681;&#35558;&#26159;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;: &#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30342;&#26159;&#28961;&#25105;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Ultimate Truth,  Absolute Truth,  &#21213;&#32681;&#35558;,  Paramartha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramartha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ultimate truth<\/span>.<\/li><\/ol><h4>Meditating on Compassion<\/h4><p>The method for meditating on <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> involves visualizing the suffering endured by beings around us and in the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s, thereby generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. For example:<\/p><ul><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> people being killed or facing execution due to c<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rime; &#21033;&#32654;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rime); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ris med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rime is non-sectarian movement begun by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) and Jamgon Kongtrul 1813-1899) and their disciples in Kham in the nineteenth century, involving the Bon, Sakya, Kagyu and Nyingma schools, allowing more freedom of choice within the various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, uniting the similarities and recognizing the differences to create common grounds.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#32654;&#36939;&#21205;&#26159;&#30001;&#34083;&#25562;&#27453;&#21746;&#26106;&#27874;&#65288;1820-1892&#65289;&#21644;&#34083;&#36002;&#24247;&#26970;&#65288;1813-1899&#65289;&#21450;&#20854;&#24351;&#23376;&#26044;&#21313;&#20061;&#19990;&#32000;&#22312;&#24247;&#21312;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#38750;&#23447;&#27966;&#36939;&#21205;&#65292;&#28041;&#21450;&#33519;&#25945;&#12289;&#34217;&#36838;&#27966;&#12289;&#22134;&#33289;&#27966;&#21644;&#23527;&#29802;&#27966;&#65292;&#20801;&#35377;&#22312;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36984;&#25799;&#33258;&#30001;&#65292;&#32113;&#19968;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#21508;&#20491;&#27969;&#27966;&#30456;&#20284;&#20043;&#34389;&#65292;&#35469;&#35672;&#19981;&#21516;&#20043;&#34389;&#65292;&#20197;&#21109;&#36896;&#20849;&#21516;&#40670;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Rime,  &#21033;&#32654;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rime\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rime<\/span>s, filled with terror and helplessness.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> beings in the hell <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span> enduring cruel punishments of extreme cold and heat, groaning and wailing in agony.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> beings in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hungry Ghosts&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39187;&#39740;&#36947;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#4013;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(yi dak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dwags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Preta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Hungry ghosts (preta) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology. These beings are reborn in the Preta realm because of miserliness, corrupted, greedy karma in their past lives. In the Preta realm, they are in constant extreme hunger and thirst.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39187;&#39740;&#36947;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#19979;&#19977;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#36010;&#23146;&#30340;&#26989;&#26524;&#32780;&#25237;&#29983;&#33267;&#27492;&#65292;&#24646;&#20037;&#34389;&#26044;&#29467;&#28872;&#39138;&#39187;&#33287;&#20094;&#28212;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Preta,  &#39187;&#39740;,  Hungry Ghost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/preta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">hungry ghost<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span> constantly tormented by hunger and thirst. Even when they manage to obtain a small amount of food, it is instantly destroyed by fierce flames erupting from their throats before reaching their mouths.<\/li><\/ul><p>Through such contemplation, practitioners generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><p>The situation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> in the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s is utterly tragic, and the suffering they endure is immense. However, even those who have not yet fallen into the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s are constantly creating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, accumulating countless causes for future <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Jati,  Rebirth,  &#20986;&#29983;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in these <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s. Inevitably, they will descend into the lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s and endure unimaginable suffering.<\/p><p>Practitioners should repeatedly contemplate and familiarize themselves with this reality, cultivating a state of mind akin to that of a loving mother who cannot bear to see her child suffer. Just as a mother would do everything in her power to save her child from pain, practitioners should generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, aspiring to help all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> escape all forms of suffering and its causes.<\/p><h3>Eight: Generating the Altruistic Intention<\/h3><p>The arising of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> means that practitioners have already generated the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span> to free all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. Altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>, on the other hand, arises through continuously reinforcing and familiarizing oneself with this <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>, leading to a spontaneous resolve to personally take on the responsibility of freeing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. The difference between the two lies in the fact that great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is an <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>, while altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span> is a firm determination.<\/p><h4>Arising and Verification of Altruistic Intention<\/h4><p>Altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span> arises through the continuous cultivation of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Whether practitioners can swiftly attain accomplishment through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span> depends crucially on whether they can generate intense <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. The extent of their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> determines the speed at which they achieve realization.<\/p><p>In the past, accomplished masters who earnestly cultivated <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> shared certain signs to help practitioners examine whether they have truly generated great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. For example:<\/p><ul><li>When contemplating the sufferings of the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Realm,  Buddha Field,  &#28136;&#22303;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s, their hair stands on end.<\/li><li>When thinking about <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> currently enduring such immense suffering, they are overcome with sorrow, tears streaming down their faces.<\/li><li>They feel like helpless children, sitting on the ground, repeatedly calling out for their mother.<\/li><\/ul><p>These are the criteria by which practitioners can judge whether they have genuinely developed great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Practice of Altruistic Intention<\/h4><p>If practitioners can generate great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, through continuous familiarization, they will develop the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> and determination to take on the responsibility of freeing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. When practicing altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>, practitioners must naturally and spontaneously generate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> and determination to free <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. Even if it means enduring suffering in the hells for countless eons on behalf of mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, they should do so willingly and joyfully. Only then can they genuinely experience the realization of altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Nine: Generating Bodhicitta<\/h3><p>After generating altruistic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Intention&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24605;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cetana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Intention, volition (Cetana) is one of five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24605;&#26159;&#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Intention,  Volition,  Cetana&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/intention\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intention<\/span>, practitioners further reflect that although they possess a strong aspiration to save <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, they currently lack even the ability to save themselves. Through this reflection, they realize that only by attaining perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> as a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span> can they fully possess the ability to save all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><p>Among the four <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Noble Being, Pagpa, Phagpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32854;&#32773;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3944;&#3953;&#3938;&#4017; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(arya)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3925;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(phak pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;phags pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Arya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Arya, Pagpa, Phagpa, Noble Being, is a person who has achieved direct realization of the true nature of reality, the third (path of insight) of the five paths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32854;&#32773;&#19968;&#20491;&#30452;&#35657;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#30340;&#20154;&#65292;&#20116;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#19977;&#36947;&#65288;&#35211;&#36947;&#20301;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3944;&#3953;&#3938;&#4017;, &#32854;&#32773;, Arya, Noble Being, Pagpa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/noble-being\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">noble being<\/span>s&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hearer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24180;&#29305;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3923;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nyan to); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyan thos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Savaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Shravaka, a &amp;quot;Hearer&amp;quot; disciple of Buddha Shakyamuni, is someone who follows the four Noble Truths taught in the first turning of the wheel of dharma and strives to attain the level of an arhat.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#21021;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#26178;, &#32893;&#20315;&#38464;&#38283;&#31034;&#20462;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#30340;&#20154;, &#22240;&#36890;&#36942;&#32893;&#32862;&#20315;&#31062;&#30340;&#38899;&#32882;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;, &#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#26524;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;, &#31281;&#28858;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32882;&#32862;,  Hearer,  Shravaka&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/shravaka\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sravaka<\/span>s, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Solitary Realizer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#35258;, &#29544;&#35258;, &#36767;&#25903;&#20315; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (rang gyal); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang rgyal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratyekabuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pratyekabuddhas, Solitary Realizer, studies and meditates on the teachings of the Buddha including the twelve links of interdependent origination and attains realization without relying on a teacher.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#36767;&#25903;&#20315;&#65292;&#32227;&#35258; &#30001;&#23487;&#19990;&#31119;&#24503;&#65292;&#20462;&#21313;&#20108;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Solitary Realizer,  &#32227;&#35258;,  &#29544;&#35258;,  &#36767;&#25903;&#20315;,  Pratyekabuddha&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/solitary-realizer\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Pratyekabuddha<\/span>s, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>s&mdash;the former two seek only their own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>, so their ability and merit in benefiting <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> are less than one-thousandth of those of a first-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Similarly, the ability and merit of a first-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> are less than one-thousandth of those of a tenth-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Although tenth-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s possess extremely superior abilities and merit, their capacity to benefit <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> still falls short of a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s by one-thousandth.<\/p><p>Reflecting on this, practitioners generate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> aspiration: &laquo;&nbsp;For the benefit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhism, Sentient Beings are beings with consciousness and life within the three realms of samsara. Plants are not sentient as they do not have mind.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Sentient Beings,  &#26862;&#38291;,  Semchen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, I <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35475;,  Vow&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><h4>Practice and Results of Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>Only by generating the motivation to benefit others and aspiring to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood can practitioners truly generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, entering the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings. This enables them to enter the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Path; &#36947;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#34253;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Marga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Magga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Magga, Path is the fourth of the four noble truths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#35558;&#26159;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#20043;&#22235;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36947;&#35558;,  Path,  Magga,  Marga&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/path\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>path<\/span> and become <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A bodhisattva is a person who is dedicated on the path towards buddhahood. In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is someone who has generated bodhicitta, a compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#37027;&#20123;&#30332;&#24515;&#28858;&#20102;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#32780;&#25215;&#35582;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#20154;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#32773;&#26371;&#36984;&#25799;&#26368;&#39640;&#29702;&#24819;&#32780;&#30041;&#22312;&#19990;&#38291;&#21435;&#24171;&#21161;&#21450;&#24341;&#23566;&#30526;&#29983;&#26397;&#21521;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#32780;&#19981;&#26159;&#36914;&#20837;&#28037;&#30436;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#34217;,  Bodhisattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s worthy of reverence by gods and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span>s.<\/p><p>Since practitioners have already generated <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, they can swiftly attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Buddha<\/span>hood through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tantra,  &#23494;&#32396;,  &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span>. The arising of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> is the key determinant of whether <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yana,  &#20056;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> practitioners can achieve accomplishment through tantric practices. Therefore, practitioners must earnestly cultivate it.<\/p><h4>Cherishing the Precious Human Life and Cultivating Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>Although practitioners live in the degenerate age, filled with various forms of suffering, they should deeply <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rejoice&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38568;&#21916; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#34311; &#20234;&#35731;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(jesu yi rang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rjes su yi rang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Rejoice,  &#38568;&#21916;  &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rejoice\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rejoice<\/span> in their good fortune to have attained this precious <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Human&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20154;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manusya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Human (manusya) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology, living in the four continents surrounding Mount Meru. In Buddhism, human beings are special in that they are the only class of beings able to directly attain enlightenment or become a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20154;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35542;&#20013;&#30340;&#20845;&#39006;&#30526;&#29983;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29983;&#27963;&#22312;&#38920;&#24396;&#23665;&#21608;&#22285;&#30340;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&#12290; &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20154;&#26159;&#29305;&#27530;&#30340;&#22240;&#28858;&#20182;&#20497;&#26159;&#21807;&#19968;&#33021;&#22816;&#30452;&#25509;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Not&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (mi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20154;&#36947;,  Human,  Manusya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/manusya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>human<\/span> life and encountered <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings, especially the profound and unified <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Yana,  &#20056;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings. They must cherish this rare opportunity and continuously accumulate the causes and conditions for generating genuine <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. They should not waste time or create <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32618;&#38556;,  &#26989;&#38556;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, so as to make the most of this life.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">The above is a translation from our Chinese webpage, based on original Tibetan teachings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-ep-wrapper-link='{\"url\":\"\\\/initation\\\/\",\"is_external\":\"\",\"nofollow\":\"\",\"custom_attributes\":\"\"}' style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"bdt-element-link elementor-element elementor-element-4a05e56 elementor-cta--layout-image-right elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-96595 elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"4a05e56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"ep_notation_list\":[{\"_id\":\"990269f\",\"ep_notation_bracket_on\":null,\"ep_notation_select_type\":\"widget\",\"ep_notation_custom_selector\":null,\"ep_notation_type\":\"underline\",\"ep_notation_color\":\"\",\"ep_notation_stroke_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1,\"sizes\":[]},\"ep_notation_infinity_loop\":\"\",\"ep_notation_anim_duration\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"ep_notation_loop_delay\":null,\"ep_notation_waypoint_offset\":\"\"}],\"ep_notation_active\":\"yes\"}' data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"\/Basicbuddhism\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Gosok-D8A9044p-s-150x150.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Gosok D8A9044p s\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBasic Tibetan Buddhism Teachings Pages <br> &#22522;&#30990;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#38283;&#31034;&#38913;&#38754;\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u89c0\u4fee\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":22669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[920,919,561,1009],"class_list":["post-4777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching","tag-chinese","tag-english","tag-561","tag-basics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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