{"id":30583,"date":"2020-07-25T23:32:23","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T03:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/?p=30583"},"modified":"2025-01-21T18:39:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T23:39:47","slug":"gosok-rinpoche-teaching-on-73-birthday","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/gosok-rinpoche-teaching-on-73-birthday\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6019\u4e3b\u679c\u78a9\u4ec1\u6ce2\u520773\u83ef\u8a95\u6cd5\u6703\u958b\u793a || Gosok Rinpoche Teaching on 73rd Birthday"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"30583\" class=\"elementor elementor-30583\" data-elementor-settings='{\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true}}' data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be9b4b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be9b4b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-005595d\" data-id=\"005595d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32ae211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32ae211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&#20170;&#22825;&#21704;&#27427;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#21450;&#24456;&#22810;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shenyen, Spiritual guide, Teacher&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21332;&#24180;\/&#21916;&#24565;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (she nyen), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;()&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge ba&amp;#039;i bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kaly&#257;&#7751;a-mittat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;,  &#21892;&#30693;&#35672;,   Spiritual guide,  Shenyen,  &#21332;&#24180;,  &#21916;&#24565;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a4%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%89%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;<\/span>&#20358;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monastery, Gompa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36002;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gompa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dgon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ara&#7751;ya;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gompa,  Monastery,  &#23546;&#38498;,  &#36002;&#24052;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/gompa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#23546;&#38498;<\/span>&#19968;&#36215;&#20849;&#20462;&#65292;&#20006;&#31069;&#36032;&#25105;&#30340;&#29983;&#26085;&#65292;&#38750;&#24120;&#24863;&#35613;&#20006;&#20808;&#21839;&#20505;&#22823;&#23478;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Auspicious goodness, Good luck&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31069;&#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3904;&#4018;&#3851;&#3940;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tashi delek); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bkra shis bde legs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;,  &#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;,  Auspicious&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/auspicious-3\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;<\/span>&#12290;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&#20197;&#35199;&#34255;&#30340;&#32722;&#20439;&#20358;&#35498;&#20006;&#19981;&#37325;&#35222;&#24950;&#29983;&#65292;&#20294;&#22806;&#22283;&#23565;&#24950;&#29983;&#20284;&#20046;&#24456;&#35611;&#31350;&#65307;&#20854;&#23526;&#24950;&#29983;&#26159;&#20491;&#22238;&#24819;&#36942;&#24448;&#30340;&#27231;&#26371;&#65292;&#24819;&#24819;&#23567;&#26178;&#20505;&#65292;&#20877;&#30475;&#30475;&#22914;&#20170;&#24050;&#32147;&#24190;&#27506;&#65292;&#22810;&#23569;&#27506;&#26376;&#24050;&#28982;&#36893;&#21435;&#12290;&#22312;&#36942;&#21435;&#30340;&#26085;&#23376;&#35041;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#20570;&#20102;&#22810;&#23569;&#26377;&#24847;&#32681;&#30340;&#20107;&#24773;&#65292;&#32780;&#28961;&#24847;&#32681;&#30340;&#20107;&#21448;&#20570;&#20102;&#22810;&#23569;&#65292;&#24819;&#24819;&#36889;&#20123;&#26159;&#24456;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#33258;&#24049;&#22312;&#24950;&#29983;&#30340;&#26178;&#20505;&#65292;&#22909;&#22909;&#24819;&#24819;&#26178;&#38291;&#24050;&#27969;&#36893;&#22810;&#23569;&#65292;&#32780;&#26410;&#20358;&#25033;&#30070;&#22914;&#20309;&#21435;&#20316;&#38750;&#24120;&#37325;&#35201;&#12290;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">(&#32178;&#36335;&#20449;&#34399;&#20284;&#20046;&#19981;&#26159;&#24456;&#38918;&#26274;)&#37027;&#25105;&#20497;&#23601;&#31777;&#21934;&#35611;&#35611;&#19981;&#22810;&#35498;&#65292;&#32317;&#20043;&#65292;&#20170;&#22825;&#26159;&#23566;&#24107;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bhagavan, Chom dan de, Awaken One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34180;&#36838;&#26805;, &#19990;&#23562;, &#20986;&#26377;&#22750; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#28847;&#28359;&#36845;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4023;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3933;&#3953;&#3923;, &#3926;&#3909;&#3964;&#3928;&#3851;&#3939;&#4001;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(chom den de); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bhagav&#257;n, B&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;fontstyle0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hagavaty&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;fontstyle1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#257;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bhagavan has been used in Pali and other texts to refer to Buddha. Bhagavan means the fortunate, blessed or awaken one.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34180;&#36838;&#26805; (&#28847;&#28359;&#36845;) &#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24503;&#32773;&#65292;&#20315;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Bhagavan,  &#3926;&#4023;&#3851;&#3906;&#3851;&#3933;&#3953;&#3923;,  &#34180;&#36838;&#26805;,  &#29677;&#22030;&#25991;,  &#19990;&#23562;,  &#33021;&#20161;,  Awaken One,  &#20986;&#26377;&#22750;,  Chom dan de,  &#28847;&#28359;&#36845;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bhagavan\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19990;&#23562;<\/span>&#28858;&#20102;&#24230;&#21270;&#25105;&#20497;&#22312;&#27492;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five kasaya; &#20116;&#28609;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;..&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; ();&nbsp; Wylie: ; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pa&ntilde;ca kas&#257;y&#257;h&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20116;&#28609;&#25351;&#20116;&#31278;&#19981;&#28136;&#20043;&#27861;: Five kasaya periods of Chaos and decay:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21163;&#28609;, kalpa kasaya, degeneration of age (wars and natural calamities frequently take place)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35211;&#28609;, drsti kasaya, degeneration of views (wrong and perverse thoughts and ideas become predominant)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#28609;, klesa kasaya, degeneration of moral conduct&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30526;&#29983;&#28609;, sattva kasaya, degeneration of condition of human being (people are mostly in a sorrowful condition)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21629;&#28609;, ayu kasaya, degeneration of life span&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20116;&#28609;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/five-kasaya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20116;&#28609;<\/span>&#24801;&#19990;&#38627;&#20197;&#35519;&#20239;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#30526;&#29983;&#32780;&#20358;&#27492;&#19990;&#38291;&#31034;&#29694;&#25104;&#20315;&#12289;&#21021;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Turn the wheel of Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#21513; &#25844;&#27931; &#26524;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(cho kyi kor low kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos kyi &amp;#039;khor lo bskor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;,  Turn the wheel of Dharma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/turn-the-wheel-of-dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;<\/span>&#30340;&#32000;&#24565;&#26085;&#65292;&#32780;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#26159;&#28858;&#35504;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Turn the wheel of Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#21513; &#25844;&#27931; &#26524;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(cho kyi kor low kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos kyi &amp;#039;khor lo bskor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;,  Turn the wheel of Dharma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/turn-the-wheel-of-dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;<\/span>&#21602;?&#38614;&#28982;&#25105;&#20497;&#27794;&#26377;&#35242;&#35211;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#65292;&#20294;&#20854;&#23526;&#25105;&#20497;&#23601;&#26159;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#25152;&#35201;&#35519;&#20239;&#24230;&#21270;&#30340;&#23565;&#35937;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#26159;&#33021;&#26044;&#20315;&#27861;&#26410;&#28357;&#20043;&#26178;&#65292;&#20381;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#27861;&#35486;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Personal Entity, The soul, Spiritual Teacher or Master&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &#35036;&#29305;&#20285;&#32645; (&#21083;&#34217;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3908;&#3851;&#3935;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gangzak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gang zag&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pudgala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Buddhist philosophy, pudgala refers to the concept of a &amp;quot;person&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;individual,&amp;quot; often discussed in the context of the anatman (no-self) doctrine, without implying an inherent, permanent self.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35036;&#29305;&#20285;&#32645;&#26159;&#25351;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#23526;&#39636;&#65292;&#20294;&#19981;&#24847;&#21619;&#33879;&#26377;&#19968;&#20491;&#22266;&#26377;&#12289;&#27704;&#24646;&#30340;&#33258;&#25105;&#65292;&#36890;&#24120;&#33287;&#28961;&#25105;&#30340;&#25945;&#32681;&#30456;&#38364;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35036;&#29305;&#20285;&#32645;&#20063;&#25351;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35036;&#29305;&#20285;&#32645;,  Pudgala&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/pudgala\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35036;&#29305;&#20285;&#32645;<\/span>&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#38500;&#33021;&#32862;&#24605;&#20315;&#27861;&#20043;&#22806;&#65292;&#20063;&#33021;&#29992;&#20197;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#21892;&#24605;&#30070;&#22914;&#20309;&#20316;&#26997;&#28858;&#37325;&#35201;&#12290;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#22312;&#21021;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Turn the wheel of Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#21513; &#25844;&#27931; &#26524;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(cho kyi kor low kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos kyi &amp;#039;khor lo bskor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;,  Turn the wheel of Dharma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/turn-the-wheel-of-dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;<\/span>&#26178;&#39318;&#20808;&#35611;&#25480;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Noble Truths&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bden-pa bzhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bden pa bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Catvari aryasatyani&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945; &#25152;&#26377;&#23447;&#27966;&#20849;&#21516;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#25945;&#32681;&#65292;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#25104;&#36947;&#24460;&#33267;&#40575;&#37326;&#33489;&#21021;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#23459;&#35611;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The four noble truths are the first teachings given by the Buddha, It is the foundation and one of the most important teachings common to all branches of Buddhism:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Suffering (Dukkha) is an innate characteristic of existence &#33510;&#35558;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Origin or cause (Samudaya) of suffering &#38598;&#35558;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Cessation (Nirodha) of suffering &#28357;&#35558;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Path (Magga) to stop suffering &#36947;&#35558;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;,  &#22235;&#35558;,  Four Noble Truths&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/four-noble-truths\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma wheel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36650;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(cho kyi khor lo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos kyi &amp;#039;khor lo&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmachakra;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmachakra (Dharma Wheel), one of eight auspicious signs, represents the turning of the wheel of dharma, Buddha&amp;#039;s teachings benefiting all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36650;&#26159;&#20843;&#21513;&#31077;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#35937;&#24501;&#20315;&#24120;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;&#65292;&#24291;&#24230;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Dharmachakra,  &#27861;&#36650;,  Dharma Wheel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/dharmachakra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#36650;<\/span>&mdash;&#33510;&#38598;&#28357;&#36947;&#30340;&#20839;&#28085;&#65292;&#20854;&#20013;&#21253;&#21547;&#33879;&#27969;&#36681;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#27425;&#31532;&#33287;&#36996;&#28357;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35299;&#33067;<\/span>&#27425;&#31532;&#20108;&#32773;&#65292;&#32780;&#25105;&#20497;&#28858;&#20309;&#26371;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#27969;&#36681;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wheel of Life&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;, &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;, &#26377;&#36650;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#4018;&#3954;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sipa khorlo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;srid pa&amp;#039;i &amp;#039;khor lo&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bhavacakra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bhavacakra, the wheel of Life, said to be designed by Buddha himself, is the Buddhist representation of the samsaric cycle of existence:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The center of the wheel represents the three poisons: ignorance, attachment and aversion (pig, rooster and snake)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The second layer represents karma&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The third layer represents the six realms of samsara&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The fourth layer represents the 12 links of interdependent origination: from ignorance, birth, old age to death&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yama, the fierce being holding the wheel represents impermanence&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The brightly shining moon at the top represents liberation from samsara&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The Buddha pointing to the moon indicates liberation is possible through dharma practice.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#20358;&#33258;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#38464;&#25945;&#35496;&#30526;&#29983;&#22312;&#36650;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#22830;&#40255;&#34503;&#35948;&#34920;&#36010;&#21972;&#30305;&#19977;&#27602;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20108;&#23652;&#22240;&#26524;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31532;&#19977;&#23652;&#20845;&#36947;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31532;&#22235;&#23652;&#21313;&#20108;&#22240;&#32227;: &#28961;&#26126;&#20035;&#33267;&#32769;&#27515;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#27515;&#20027;&#38331;&#32645;&#29579;&#65292;&#28961;&#24120;&#22823;&#39740;&#25265;&#20303;&#26377;&#36650;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22825;&#19978;&#30350;&#28500;&#20809;&#26126;&#30340;&#26376;&#20142;&#20195;&#34920;&#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20315;&#25351;&#26376;&#20142;&#21855;&#31034;&#34892;&#32773;&#21487;&#24977;&#20462;&#34892;&#20315;&#27861;&#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Bhavacakra,  Wheel Of Life,  &#29983;&#27515;&#36650;,  &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/wheel-of-life\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;<\/span>&#36852;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#22312;&#20854;&#20013;&#25215;&#21463;&#30171;&#33510;&#21602;&#65311;&#38614;&#25152;&#27442;&#26159;&#27138;&#32780;&#19981;&#27442;&#30340;&#26159;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#28982;&#24478;&#26377;&#38914;&#20035;&#33267;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avici Hell; &#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#29508;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26151;&#21908;&#37027;&#33509;&#26757;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3853;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (meywe naljorme pa);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;me ba&rsquo;i rnal &lsquo;byor med pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avici&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Avici, often translated as &amp;quot;uninterrupted&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;incessant,&amp;quot; is considered the lowest and most terrible of the hell realms in Buddhist cosmology. Beings born into this hell endure continuous and extreme suffering without any pause. It is typically reserved for those who have committed grave offenses such as matricide, patricide, killing an arhat, causing schism in the sangha, or shedding the blood of a Buddha. Liberation from this realm is extremely difficult, but not impossible through the power of merit and spiritual practice performed by oneself or others on their behalf.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#29508;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#26368;&#24213;&#23652;&#12289;&#26368;&#24656;&#24598;&#30340;&#22320;&#29508;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#12300;&#38463;&#40763;&#22320;&#29508;&#12301;&#12290;&#29983;&#26044;&#27492;&#22320;&#29508;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#23559;&#36973;&#21463;&#26997;&#20854;&#21127;&#28872;&#19988;&#27627;&#28961;&#38291;&#26039;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#25925;&#21517;&#12300;&#28961;&#38291;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22320;&#29508;&#36890;&#24120;&#28858;&#29359;&#19979;&#20116;&#36870;&#37325;&#32618;&#32773;&#25152;&#22702;&#20043;&#34389;&#65292;&#20363;&#22914;&#24338;&#27597;&#12289;&#24338;&#29238;&#12289;&#27578;&#23475;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#12289;&#30772;&#21644;&#21512;&#20711;&#25110;&#20986;&#20315;&#36523;&#34880;&#31561;&#12290;&#28982;&#32780;&#65292;&#36890;&#36942;&#33258;&#36523;&#20462;&#34892;&#21151;&#24503;&#25110;&#20182;&#20154;&#20195;&#28858;&#22238;&#21521;&#65292;&#20173;&#26377;&#21487;&#33021;&#24478;&#27492;&#22320;&#29508;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Avici,  &#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#29508;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/avici-hell\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#29508;<\/span>&#21487;&#35498;&#27794;&#26377;&#26410;&#25215;&#21463;&#36942;&#30340;&#33510;&#65292;&#32780;&#36889;&#20123;&#33510;&#32085;&#38750;&#28961;&#26377;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#65292;&#20854;&#22240;&#21363;&#26159;&#20358;&#33258;&#26989;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#33509;&#19981;&#24819;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#24517;&#23450;&#38656;&#21162;&#21147;&#23563;&#27714;&#23565;&#27835;&#26989;&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#30340;&#26041;&#27861;&#65292;&#32780;&#27492;&#21363;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#12290;&#20854;&#20013;&#35201;&#20102;&#30693;&#24801;&#26989;&#30340;&#26681;&#28304;&#26159;&#20358;&#33258;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#26159;&#23563;&#27714;&#22914;&#20309;&#27490;&#24687;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#30340;&#26041;&#27861;&#12290;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&#36889;&#20123;&#20027;&#35201;&#26159;&#37341;&#23565;&#24351;&#23376;&#20497;&#35498;&#30340;&#65292;&#20063;&#31639;&#26159;&#24171;&#30526;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shenyen, Spiritual guide, Teacher&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21332;&#24180;\/&#21916;&#24565;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (she nyen), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;()&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge ba&amp;#039;i bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kaly&#257;&#7751;a-mittat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;,  &#21892;&#30693;&#35672;,   Spiritual guide,  Shenyen,  &#21332;&#24180;,  &#21916;&#24565;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a4%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%89%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;<\/span>&#22823;&#24503;&#20497;&#22238;&#24819;&#22909;&#20102;(&#29694;&#22580;&#26377;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#33287;&#35576;&#22810;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Geshe; &#26684;&#35199;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(geshe); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge bshes;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Geshe translates to &amp;quot;virtuous friend&amp;quot;. It is a Tibetan Buddhist academic degree primarily for Gelup monks. The Gelug curriculum lasts between 12 to 40 years. There are four categories, Dorampa, Lingtse, Tsorampa and Lharampa, with Lharampa being the highest. The Ngagrampa Geshe degree is given by Gyume or Gyuto Tantric College.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26684;&#35199;&#24847;&#35695;&#28858;&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;&#12289;&#21892;&#21451;&#12290;&#26684;&#35199;&#28858;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20711;&#20406;&#32147;&#36942;&#38263;&#26399; (12-40&#24180;) &#30340;&#20462;&#23416;&#32780;&#29554;&#24471;&#30340;&#23447;&#25945;&#23416;&#20301;&#12290;&#22312;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#31995;&#32113;&#20013;&#26684;&#35199;&#21448;&#20998;&#22235;&#32026;&#65292;&#21363;&#25289;&#28982;&#24052;&#26684;&#35199;(&#26368;&#39640;)&#12289;&#30923;&#28982;&#24052;&#26684;&#35199;&#12289;&#26519;&#36093;&#26684;&#35199;&#21644;&#26421;&#28982;&#24052;&#26684;&#35199;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26684;&#35199;,  Geshe,  &#30923;&#28982;&#24052;,  &#26519;&#36093;,  &#26421;&#28982;&#24052;,  Tsorampa,  Lingtse,  Dorampa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/geshe\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26684;&#35199;<\/span>&#12289;&#27861;&#24107;&#31561;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shenyen, Spiritual guide, Teacher&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21332;&#24180;\/&#21916;&#24565;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (she nyen), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;()&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge ba&amp;#039;i bshes gnyen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kaly&#257;&#7751;a-mittat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3926;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3962;&#3923;,  &#21892;&#30693;&#35672;,   Spiritual guide,  Shenyen,  &#21332;&#24180;,  &#21916;&#24565;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a4%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%89%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21892;&#30693;&#35672;<\/span>&#22823;&#24503;)&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#19981;&#35542;&#35611;&#32147;&#25110;&#32862;&#27861;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#30340;&#28961;&#38750;&#26159;&#24076;&#26395;&#25104;&#36774;&#23433;&#27138;&#28357;&#38500;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#32780;&#35201;&#26039;&#38500;&#30171;&#33510;&#30340;&#22240;&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#65292;&#23601;&#25033;&#35442;&#35264;&#35211;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#30340;&#32570;&#22833;&#65292;&#24605;&#32173;&#20854;&#36942;&#24739;&#65292;&#33509;&#19981;&#35211;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Poisons&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19977;&#27602;: &#36010;&#21972;&#30196;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3921;&#3956;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(duk sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dug gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: T&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rivisa;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The three poisons (trivisa) are the three root destructive emotions (kleshas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;attachment or desire (raga) &#36010;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;anger or averson (dvesha) &#21972;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;delusion or ignorance (moha) &#30196;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThey are the causes of sufferings and samsaric rebirth. The antidotes of the three poisons are generosity (dana),&nbsp; loving kindness (metta), and wisdom (prajna).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19977;&#27602; (&#19977;&#19981;&#21892;&#26681;: &#36010;&#12289;&#21972;&#12289;&#30196;) &#26159;&#19977;&#31278;&#29033;&#24817;&#30340;&#32317;&#31281;&#65292;&#33510;&#30340;&#26681;&#28304;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Poisons,  &#19977;&#27602;,  &#36010;&#21972;&#30196;,  Trivisa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/three-poisons\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19977;&#27602;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#33287;&#25105;&#24930;&#12289;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#36942;&#24739;&#65292;&#21453;&#32780;&#35222;&#20854;&#28858;&#21151;&#24503;&#37027;&#32085;&#23565;&#19981;&#34892;&#65307;&#32893;&#32862;&#20315;&#27861;&#20043;&#24460;&#25033;&#35442;&#35201;&#33021;&#35264;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#20043;&#36942;&#24739;&#65292;&#20854;&#23526;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Poisons&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19977;&#27602;: &#36010;&#21972;&#30196;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3921;&#3956;&#3906;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(duk sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dug gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: T&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rivisa;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The three poisons (trivisa) are the three root destructive emotions (kleshas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;attachment or desire (raga) &#36010;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;anger or averson (dvesha) &#21972;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;delusion or ignorance (moha) &#30196;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThey are the causes of sufferings and samsaric rebirth. The antidotes of the three poisons are generosity (dana),&nbsp; loving kindness (metta), and wisdom (prajna).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19977;&#27602; (&#19977;&#19981;&#21892;&#26681;: &#36010;&#12289;&#21972;&#12289;&#30196;) &#26159;&#19977;&#31278;&#29033;&#24817;&#30340;&#32317;&#31281;&#65292;&#33510;&#30340;&#26681;&#28304;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Three Poisons,  &#19977;&#27602;,  &#36010;&#21972;&#30196;,  Trivisa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/three-poisons\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19977;&#27602;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#33287;&#25105;&#24930;&#12289;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#20006;&#38750;&#36523;&#22806;&#20043;&#29289;&#65292;&#23427;&#20497;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#19968;&#30452;&#22312;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#27969;&#36681;&#20013;&#27602;&#23475;&#25105;&#20497;&#65292;&#35201;&#19981;&#26039;&#21453;&#35206;&#24605;&#32173;&#20854;&#36942;&#24739;&#12290;&#30001;&#27492;&#21487;&#35211;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#23565;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#28858;&#23475;&#65292;&#32780;&#20854;&#19981;&#21482;&#28858;&#23475;&#33258;&#36523;&#20043;&#22806;&#65292;&#20063;&#26371;&#25613;&#23475;&#20182;&#20154;&#12290;&#22240;&#27492;&#30070;&#33258;&#24049;&#35201;&#29983;&#27683;&#26178;&#65292;&#19981;&#35201;&#25226;&#20854;&#23427;&#30526;&#29983;&#20316;&#28858;&#23565;&#35937;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#19981;&#26159;&#20854;&#23427;&#30526;&#29983;&#23475;&#25105;&#20497;&#22312;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#21463;&#33510;&#30340;&#65292;&#26159;&#25105;&#20497;&#24515;&#32396;&#20013;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#25152;&#36896;&#25104;&#30340;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#26159;&#32618;&#39745;&#31117;&#39318;&#65292;&#35201;&#33021;&#22816;&#25226;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#35469;&#30693;&#28858;&#22823;&#25973;&#65292;&#24646;&#24120;&#24605;&#32173;&#35201;&#22914;&#20309;&#21435;&#23565;&#27835;&#36889;&#25973;&#20154;&#30340;&#26041;&#27861;&#12290;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&#19990;&#38291;&#30340;&#25973;&#20154;&#24120;&#26159;&#30701;&#26283;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Impermanence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#31859;&#22612;&#24085;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3999;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(mitakpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi rtag pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anitya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Impermanence, change, is nature of all phenomena in Samsara. All things decay and pass away once they are created. It is one of Sixteen Aspects of the Four Noble Truths (Truth of Suffering).&#8203;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#24120;&#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#29694;&#35937;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#20107;&#29289;&#34928;&#25943;&#21644;&#28040;&#36893;&#30340;&#29305;&#36074;&#65292;&#26159;&#30171;&#33510;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#24120;,  Impermanence,  Anitya&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/impermanence\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28961;&#24120;<\/span>&#30340;&#65292;&#26377;&#30340;&#19978;&#21322;&#29983;&#35222;&#28858;&#20167;&#25973;&#65292;&#19979;&#21322;&#29983;&#35722;&#28858;&#35242;&#21451;&#65292;&#29978;&#33267;&#26152;&#26085;&#28858;&#25973;&#20170;&#26085;&#28858;&#21451;&#30340;&#24773;&#24418;&#20134;&#26377;&#65292;&#23601;&#31639;&#32066;&#29983;&#28858;&#25973;&#33267;&#22810;&#20063;&#21482;&#22312;&#30701;&#26283;&#30340;&#19968;&#29983;&#65292;&#20294;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#22823;&#25973;&#19981;&#26159;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#23427;&#24478;&#25105;&#20497;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#23601;&#28858;&#23475;&#25105;&#20497;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&#19990;&#38291;&#30340;&#20167;&#25973;&#20063;&#35377;&#25105;&#20497;&#26045;&#20197;&#34915;&#39135;&#31561;&#22909;&#34389;&#25110;&#32773;&#21892;&#21152;&#23565;&#24453;&#23601;&#26377;&#21487;&#33021;&#35722;&#25104;&#35242;&#21451;&#65292;&#20294;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#19981;&#35542;&#25105;&#20497;&#20877;&#22914;&#20309;&#23565;&#24453;&#23427;&#65292;&#23427;&#19981;&#26371;&#35722;&#22909;&#65292;&#30456;&#21453;&#30340;&#23565;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#20663;&#23475;&#21371;&#26159;&#36234;&#20358;&#36234;&#22823;&#65292;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#25105;&#20497;&#19968;&#30452;&#25033;&#20184;&#33879;&#23427;&#20063;&#21463;&#21046;&#26044;&#23427;&#65292;&#20035;&#33267;&#21040;&#29694;&#22312;&#35731;&#33258;&#24049;&#28961;&#27861;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Moksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Liberation, Moksa, means freedom from samsara, by attaining the state of an arhat or the state of perfect enlightenment of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24478;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#32645;&#28450;&#25110;&#20315;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#35299;&#33067;,  Moksa,  Enlightenment,  Liberation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/enlightenment\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35299;&#33067;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36650;&#36852;,  Samsara,  Cycle of Existence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36650;&#36852;<\/span>&#30340;&#25973;&#20154;&#23601;&#26159;&#23427;&#12290;&#22240;&#27492;&#30070;&#36935;&#21040;&#30526;&#29983;&#20663;&#23475;&#25105;&#20497;&#26178;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#25033;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Patience, Forbearance, Zopa; &#24525;&#36785;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; (&#32034;&#24052;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3935;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(zo pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bzod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ksanti Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ksanti paramita means patience, tolerance, one of the Six Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24525;&#36785;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24525;&#36785;,  Patience,  Ksanti&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/patience\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24525;&#36785;<\/span>&#30456;&#24453;&#65292;&#21162;&#21147;&#23563;&#25214;&#22914;&#20309;&#38477;&#20239;&#33258;&#24515;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#30340;&#26041;&#27861;&#25165;&#26159;&#12290;&#32780;&#36889;&#26041;&#27861;&#23601;&#22914;&#12300;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma, Phenomenon; &#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#29694;&#35937;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#23542;, Dharma, &#36948;&#29802;, &#21371;&#25289;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#23542;<\/span>&#20043;&#24515;&#35201;&#21363;&#26159;&#26681;&#26412;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24754;&#24515;<\/span>&#12301;&#25152;&#35498;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#25033;&#20760;&#20854;&#21487;&#33021;&#20197;&#24904;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24754;&#24515;<\/span>&#21892;&#24453;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#20184;&#20986;&#24190;&#35377;&#24904;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24754;&#24515;<\/span>&#65292;&#21516;&#26178;&#21363;&#31309;&#32858;&#24190;&#35377;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#65292;&#21892;&#26681;&#36914;&#32780;&#22686;&#38263;&#65292;&#32780;&#27492;&#21363;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Essential teachings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35201;&#32681;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20839;&#21335;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3923;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (ne nam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gnad rnams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Essential Teachings,  &#35201;&#32681;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%93%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a3%e0%bd%98%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#35201;&#32681;<\/span>&#12290;&#20315;&#27861;&#30340;&#24515;&#35201;&#20854;&#23526;&#23601;&#22312;&#26044;&#24904;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24754;&#24515;<\/span>&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#22914;&#21516;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kadam; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22134;&#30070;&#27966; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22134;&#30070;&#24052;); &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3904;&#3936;&#3851;&#3906;&#3921;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (ka dam pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bka&amp;#039; gdams pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Kadampa tradition emerged in Tibet during the 11th century, founded by the Indian master Atisha and further developed by his disciple Dromton (1005&ndash;1064). Reting Monastery was established in 1056. It emphasizes the integration of scholarly study with meditative practice, focusing on the practical application of Buddhist teachings to daily life. The primary teachings are on Bodhicitta, mind training (lojong) and stages of path to enlightenment (lamrim). The tradition laid the foundation for later schools such as the Gelug, which adopted its emphasis on discipline and systematic training.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22134;&#30070;&#27966;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#24460;&#24344;&#26399;&#25903;&#27966;&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&#20315;&#35486;&#25945;&#25480;,&#65292;&#30001;&#21360;&#24230;&#22823;&#24107;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#21109;&#31435;&#65292;&#20854;&#24351;&#23376;&#20210;&#25958;&#24052; (1005&ndash;1064) &#36914;&#19968;&#27493;&#30332;&#25562;&#65292;&#26044;1056&#24180;&#21109;&#24314;&#29105;&#25391;&#23546;&#32780;&#27491;&#24335;&#30906;&#31435;&#65292;&#27880;&#37325;&#23559;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#33287;&#20462;&#34892;&#23526;&#36368;&#30456;&#32080;&#21512;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#24375;&#35519;&#22312;&#26085;&#24120;&#29983;&#27963;&#20013;&#23526;&#36368;&#20315;&#27861;&#12290;&#22134;&#30070;&#27966;&#20659;&#32113;&#28858;&#24460;&#20358;&#30340;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#22880;&#23450;&#20102;&#22522;&#30990;&#65292;&#23588;&#20854;&#24433;&#38911;&#20102;&#20854;&#22196;&#35641;&#30340;&#20462;&#23416;&#39636;&#31995;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22134;&#30070;,  Kadam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/kadam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22134;&#30070;<\/span>&#27966;&#31062;&#24107;&#20497;&#30340;&#25945;&#35496;&#65292;&#33509;&#33021;&#22312;&#33258;&#24049;&#30340;&#24515;&#20013;&#29983;&#36215;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#21487;&#20197;&#31309;&#32858;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#21487;&#20197;&#28165;&#28136;&#22434;&#26579;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#20063;&#21487;&#20197;&#28357;&#38500;&#38556;&#31001;&#65307;&#33509;&#24536;&#22833;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#30340;&#35441;&#65292;&#23601;&#31639;&#20877;&#22914;&#20309;&#20462;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajrayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;, &#23494;&#23447;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#21513;&#24503;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dorje tekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajray&#257;na, Mantray&#257;na, Guhyamantray&#257;na, Tantray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vajrayana, (Diamond Vehicle, Thunderbolt Vehicle, Tantrayana, Mantrayana, Guhyamantrayana, Secret Mantra, Tantric Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism), is one of three main traditions of buddhism. All three share the ultimate goal of attaining enlightenment. Vajrayana views that the mind already has the fruition or resultant conditions of enlightenment but obscured by ignorance and other defilements. The path or method of Vajrayana is to identify with fruition mind and practice towards the cause of enlightenment. Its practices include empowerments, mantras, mudras, mandalas and visualizations of deities.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23494;&#23447;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19977;&#22823;&#20659;&#32113;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21029;&#21517;&#29978;&#22810; (&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#20315;&#25945;&#12289;&#31192;&#23494;&#25945;&#12289;&#31192;&#23494;&#20056;&#12289;&#23494;&#20056;&#12289;&#30495;&#35328;&#20056;&#12289;&#29788;&#20285;&#23494;&#25945;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#36650;&#12289;&#30495;&#35328;&#23447;)&#65292;&#32066;&#26997;&#30446;&#27161;&#37117;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#35469;&#28858;&#24515;&#24050;&#32147;&#26377;&#20102;&#35657;&#24735;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292;&#20294;&#34987;&#28961;&#26126;&#21644;&#20854;&#20182;&#29033;&#24817;&#25152;&#36974;&#34109;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20043;&#36947;&#25110;&#26041;&#27861;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#35657;&#24735;&#20043;&#22240;&#65292;&#20462;&#25345;&#21253;&#25324;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#21650;&#35486;&#12289;&#25163;&#21360;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#21644;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#23494;&#21650;&#20056;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;, &#23494;&#23447;, &#23494;&#20056;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#20315;&#25945;, &#31192;&#23494;&#25945;, &#30495;&#35328;&#20056;, &#29788;&#20285;&#23494;&#25945;, &#37329;&#21083;&#36650;, &#30495;&#35328;&#23447;, Vajrayana. Diamond Vehicle, Thunderbolt Vehicle, Mantrayana, Guhyamantrayana, Secret Mantra, Guhyamantrayana, Tantric Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism, diamond vehicle, thunderbolt vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/vajrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#23494;&#27861;<\/span>&#65292;&#20462;&#25345;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31354;&#27491;&#35211;,  &#31354;&#24615;,  &#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;,  Shunyata,  Sunyata,  Emptiness,  Vacuity,  Voidness,  &#26481;&#24052;&#23612;, \n&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31354;&#24615;<\/span>&#25110;&#32773;&#20462;&#25345;&#27683;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nadi, Numerical particle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33032;, &#25976;&#20540;&#21161;&#35422;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26413;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4009;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tsa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rtsa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;n&#257;&#7693;&#299;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nadi, Subtle channels are the internal paths through which wind energy circulates.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33032;&#26159;&#39636;&#20839;&#27683;&#25110;&#33021;&#37327;&#27969;&#21205;&#30340;&#36335;&#24465;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33032;,  Subtle Channel,  Nadi&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/nadi\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33032;<\/span>&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bindu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26126;&#40670;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tigle); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thig le&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;: Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bindu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Bindu is the drop of pure energy visualized in Vajrayana practices.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26126;&#40670;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#35264;&#24819;&#20462;&#25345;&#20013;&#30340;&#29699;&#24418;&#30340;&#32020;&#31929;&#33021;&#37327;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Bindu,  &#26126;&#40670;,  Tigle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bindu\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26126;&#40670;<\/span>&#31561;&#65292;&#26044;&#20462;&#25345;&#36914;&#31243;&#19978;&#26159;&#38627;&#20197;&#36914;&#23637;&#30340;&#65292;&#19981;&#35201;&#35498;&#36993;&#20986;&#19968;&#22823;&#27493;&#65292;&#24656;&#24597;&#21322;&#27493;&#37117;&#38627;&#20197;&#36328;&#36234;&#12290;&#25152;&#20197;&#35527;&#21040;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Spiritual practice,  &#20462;&#27861;,  Tukdam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20462;&#27861;<\/span>&#23601;&#26159;&#24904;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24754;&#24515;<\/span>&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#65292;&#32780;&#24904;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24754;&#24515;<\/span>&#33287;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#38364;&#37749;&#23601;&#26159;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21033;&#20182;<\/span>&#30340;&#24515;&#65292;&#24076;&#26395;&#22823;&#23478;&#33021;&#24646;&#24120;&#24118;&#33879;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21033;&#20182;<\/span>&#30340;&#24515;&#65292;&#25031;&#27714;&#21508;&#20301;&#33021;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21033;&#20182;<\/span>&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#19978;&#22810;&#21152;&#21162;&#21147;&#12290;&#33509;&#33021;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#30456;&#20449;&#33258;&#28982;&#21487;&#20197;&#24863;&#24471;&#38263;&#22781;&#28961;&#30149;&#65292;&#20063;&#33021;&#28040;&#38500;&#32618;&#26989;&#36960;&#38626;&#38556;&#31001;&#65292;&#20006;&#19988;&#31309;&#32858;&#24291;&#22823;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Merit, Sonam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31119;&#24503;, &#21151;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32034;&#21335;\/&#32034;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Sonam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsod nams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Punya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Punya means merit, virtuous, good karma, fortunate. It is an act that gains good karma. Sonam (S&ouml;nam), the Tibetan term, is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21151;&#24503;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#29554;&#33268;&#21892;&#26989;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290; &#32034;&#21335; \/ &#32034;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#31119;&#24503;,  Sonam,  &#32034;&#21335;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/sonam\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31119;&#24503;<\/span>&#65292;&#24076;&#26395;&#22823;&#23478;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Parahita,  &#21033;&#20182;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21033;&#20182;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\nKaruna means compassion, mercy, one of Four immeasurables.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Karuna, &#24754;&#24515;, Compassion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24754;&#24515;<\/span>&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#22810;&#21162;&#21147;&#21152;&#27833;&#65292;&#26368;&#24460;&#20877;&#27425;&#24863;&#35613;&#22823;&#23478;&#65292;&#31069;&#31119;&#22823;&#23478;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Auspicious goodness, Good luck&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31069;&#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3904;&#4018;&#3851;&#3940;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tashi delek); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bkra shis bde legs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#25166;&#35199;&#24503;&#21202;,  &#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;,  Auspicious&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/vi\/glossary\/auspicious-3\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21513;&#31077;&#22914;&#24847;<\/span>&#12290;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kunphen.com\/html\/2020\/gljy_0725\/470.html\">http:\/\/www.kunphen.com\/html\/2020\/gljy_0725\/470.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6019\u4e3b\u679c\u78a9\u4ec1\u6ce2\u520773\u83ef\u8a95\u6cd5\u6703\u958b\u793a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[920,562],"class_list":["post-30583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching","tag-chinese","tag-562"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u6019\u4e3b\u679c\u78a9\u4ec1\u6ce2\u520773\u83ef\u8a95\u6cd5\u6703\u958b\u793a || Gosok Rinpoche 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