{"id":102776,"date":"2025-08-29T02:47:50","date_gmt":"2025-08-29T06:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/?p=102776"},"modified":"2026-08-29T15:28:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T19:28:22","slug":"tibetan-buddhism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/tibetan-buddhism\/","title":{"rendered":"Teaching on Tibetan Buddhism || \u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5167\u6db5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"102776\" class=\"elementor elementor-102776\" data-elementor-settings='{\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true}}' data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc938e2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc938e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b531782 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b531782\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teaching on Tibetan Buddhism<br>\n&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#20839;&#28085;<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff9f18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bff9f18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2023-07-bday-00005.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-79408\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2023-07-bday-00005.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2023-07-bday-00005-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2023-07-bday-00005-135x100.jpg 135w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94a4bfc uae-toc-hide-heading uael-heading-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"94a4bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"content_between_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"scroll_to_top_offset\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"scroll_to_top_offset_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"scroll_to_top_offset_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_text_align\":\"left\",\"heading_bottom_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_bottom_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_bottom_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"content_between_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"content_between_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]}}' data-widget_type=\"uael-table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-main-wrapper\" data-headings=\"h2,h3,h4\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-toc-heading elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"heading_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\">Table of Contents <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-toggle-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-toc-headings=\"headings\" class=\"uael-toc-list uael-toc-list-disc\" data-scroll=\"0\"><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-empty-note\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Ajoutez un en-t&ecirc;te pour commencer &agrave; g&eacute;n&eacute;rer la table des mati&egrave;res<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a 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uael-offcanvas-scroll-disable uael-offcanvas-shadow-inset position-at-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-offcanvas-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-offcanvas-action-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-offcanvas-close-icon-wrapper elementor-icon-wrapper elementor-clickable uael-offcanvas-close-icon-position-right-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-offcanvas-close elementor-icon-link elementor-clickable \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-offcanvas-close-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-times\" viewbox=\"0 0 352 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-offcanvas-text uael-offcanvas-content-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"widget\" data-elementor-id=\"20388\" class=\"elementor elementor-20388\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20388 uae-toc-hide-heading uael-heading-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"20388\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"content_between_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_text_align\":\"left\",\"heading_bottom_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_bottom_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_bottom_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"content_between_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"content_between_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]}}' data-widget_type=\"uael-table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-main-wrapper\" data-headings=\"h2,h3,h4\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-toc-heading elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"heading_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\">Table of Contents || &#30446;&#37636;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-toggle-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-toc-headings=\"headings\" class=\"uael-toc-list uael-toc-list-disc\" data-scroll=\"\"><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-empty-note\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Add a header to begin generating the table of contents<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-offcanvas-overlay elementor-clickable\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-offcanvas-action-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div tabindex=\"0\" class=\"uael-offcanvas-action elementor-clickable uael-offcanvas-trigger uael-offcanvas-icon-wrap\" data-offcanvas=\"251b72f\"><span class=\"uael-offcanvas-icon-bg uael-offcanvas-icon  uael-offcanvas-action-alignment-left\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-list-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 32H48C21.49 32 0 53.49 0 80v352c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V80c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm-6 400H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V86a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h404a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v340a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm-42-92v24c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H204c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h200c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12zm0-96v24c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H204c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h200c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12zm0-96v24c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H204c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h200c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12zm-252 12c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a9d428 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a9d428\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db23ef4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-101058 elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db23ef4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Change Language | &#20999;&#25563;&#35486;&#35328; | <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sound, Language&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#38899;&#65292;&#35486;&#35328; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32102;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#3921;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ke); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skad&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sound-3\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#3942;&#3984;&#3921;&#3851;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abbr of &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(yi ge)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20234;&#32102; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &#30340;&#31777;&#23531;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20234;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (yik); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yig&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Seed Syllable, Letter, Bija; &#31278;&#23376;&#23383;, &#23383;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&#20234;&#32102;);&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84884&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;Tibetan Alphabet and numbers &#34255;&#25991;&#23383;&#27597;&#33287;&#25976;&#23383;:\n&amp;amp;lt;table width=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tbody&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3904; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td 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width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3909; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ca&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3910;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;cha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3911;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ja&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3913;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;nya&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3919; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ta&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3920;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;tha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3921;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;da&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3923;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;na&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3924; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;pa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3925;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;pha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3926;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ba&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3928;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ma&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3929; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;tsa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3930;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;tsha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3931;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;dza&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3933;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;wa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3934;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;zha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3935;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;za&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3936;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;#039;a&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3937;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ya&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3938;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ra&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3939;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;la&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3940;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;sha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3942;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;sa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3943;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;a&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3954;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;i&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3956;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;u&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;e&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3964;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;o&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3872;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;laykor, 0&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3873;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;chig, 1&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3874;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;nyi, 2&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3875;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;sum, 3&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3876;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;zhi, 4&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3877;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;nga, 5&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3878;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;drug, 6&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3879;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;dun, 7&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3880;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;gyed, 8&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3881;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;gu, 9&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tbody&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/table&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3942;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tibetan\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;:&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(yi g&eacute;);&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=92862&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Wylie transliteration&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Wylie transliteration, designed by American Turrell V. Wylie in 1959, is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. It precisely transcribes Tibetan script as written but does not represent the modern pronunciation of Tibetan words.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&#26159;&#30001;&#29305;&#29790;&#29246;&middot;&#23041;&#21033;&#26044;1959&#24180;&#35373;&#35336;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#25991;&#36681;&#23531;&#31995;&#32113;, &#21482;&#29992;26&#20491;&#25289;&#19969;&#23383;&#27597;, &#20294;&#20006;&#19981;&#34920;&#29694;&#20195;&#34255;&#35486;&#30332;&#38899;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;:&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi ge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=85035&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Sanskrit; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Sanskrit means &lsquo;polished&rsquo;. It is a language of ancient India, the primary language of Hindu and Mahayana Buddhism texts. It is more complex with larger vocabulary than Pali. It was spoken only in royal court by priests and intellectuals.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#26805;&#35486;&#21360;&#27472;&#35486;&#31995;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#30340;&#35486;&#35328;&#20043;&#19968;, &#28858;&#19968;&#31278;&#23416;&#34899;&#21644;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23560;&#38272;&#29992;&#35486;.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#26805;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sanskrit\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sanskrit&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;:&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;b&#299;ja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Seed syllables are used in&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84911&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;, &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Vajra&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=86324&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;theg pa&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Yana,  &#20056;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;visualization practices (often as part of&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84876&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;sngags&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;mantra&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;s) as a metaphor for the cause of things and cognate with&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=86304&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Bindu&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#26126;&#40670;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3920;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt; (tigle); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;thig le&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;: Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;bindu&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;Bindu is the drop of pure energy visualized in Vajrayana practices.&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&#26126;&#40670;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#35264;&#24819;&#20462;&#25345;&#20013;&#30340;&#29699;&#24418;&#30340;&#32020;&#31929;&#33021;&#37327;&#12290;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Bindu,  &#26126;&#40670;,  Tigle&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/bindu\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;bindu&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31278;&#23376;&#23383;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84868&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Vajrayana&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;, &#23494;&#23447;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt; (&#22810;&#21513;&#24503;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(dorje tekpa); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;rdo rje theg pa&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Vajray&#257;na, Mantray&#257;na, Guhyamantray&#257;na, Tantray&#257;na&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Vajrayana, (Diamond Vehicle, Thunderbolt Vehicle, Tantrayana, Mantrayana, Guhyamantrayana, Secret Mantra, Tantric Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism), is one of three main traditions of buddhism. All three share the ultimate goal of attaining enlightenment. Vajrayana views that the mind already has the fruition or resultant conditions of enlightenment but obscured by ignorance and other defilements. The path or method of Vajrayana is to identify with fruition mind and practice towards the cause of enlightenment. Its practices include empowerments, mantras, mudras, mandalas and visualizations of deities.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#23494;&#23447;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19977;&#22823;&#20659;&#32113;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21029;&#21517;&#29978;&#22810; (&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#20315;&#25945;&#12289;&#31192;&#23494;&#25945;&#12289;&#31192;&#23494;&#20056;&#12289;&#23494;&#20056;&#12289;&#30495;&#35328;&#20056;&#12289;&#29788;&#20285;&#23494;&#25945;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#36650;&#12289;&#30495;&#35328;&#23447;)&#65292;&#32066;&#26997;&#30446;&#27161;&#37117;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#35469;&#28858;&#24515;&#24050;&#32147;&#26377;&#20102;&#35657;&#24735;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292;&#20294;&#34987;&#28961;&#26126;&#21644;&#20854;&#20182;&#29033;&#24817;&#25152;&#36974;&#34109;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20043;&#36947;&#25110;&#26041;&#27861;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#35657;&#24735;&#20043;&#22240;&#65292;&#20462;&#25345;&#21253;&#25324;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#21650;&#35486;&#12289;&#25163;&#21360;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#21644;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#23494;&#21650;&#20056;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;, &#23494;&#23447;, &#23494;&#20056;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#20315;&#25945;, &#31192;&#23494;&#25945;, &#30495;&#35328;&#20056;, &#29788;&#20285;&#23494;&#25945;, &#37329;&#21083;&#36650;, &#30495;&#35328;&#23447;, Vajrayana. Diamond Vehicle, Thunderbolt Vehicle, Mantrayana, Guhyamantrayana, Secret Mantra, Guhyamantrayana, Tantric Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism, diamond vehicle, thunderbolt vehicle&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/vajrayana\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#65292;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=86173&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Visualize&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#34395;&#31354;&#65292;&#33258;&#19968;&#31278;&#23376;&#23383;&#29983;&#22810;&#23383;&#21450;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=85743&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Thaye, Infinite&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#28961;&#38480; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3928;&#3920;&#3936;&#3851;&#3937;&#3942;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;(ta ye); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;mtha&amp;amp;#039; yas&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Thaye is a common Tibetan name.\n&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Infinite,  &#28961;&#38480;,  &#20182;&#32822;,  Thaye &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/thaye\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#28961;&#38480;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#65292;&#29983;&#36650;, &#20809;,&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=85053&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;#039;cmtt-audio-player &amp;#039;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=&amp;#039;wp-embedded-audio&amp;#039; href=&amp;#039;http:\/\/en&amp;#039;&amp;gt;en&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;amp;quot;clear&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;yi dam&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Devata;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#65292;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#31354;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/seed-syllable\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#3937;&#3954;&#3906;<\/span>&#3851;&#3926;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Noble Master, Lord&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24681;&#24107;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; 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Please select your language from the language switching menu above.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-990fe3a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"990fe3a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35401f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35401f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12423d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12423d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche<br>Teaching on Tibetan Buddhism<\/span><\/strong><\/h2><p>Lecture at <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Tibetan Buddhism<\/span> Cultural Exhibition<\/p><p>Tibetan culture, medicine, and religion possess certain unique qualities. These qualities can provide valuable guidance on how to steer our increasingly chaotic world toward peace and happiness.<\/p><h3>Vajrayana<\/h3><p>The statues, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Thangka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21776;&#21345;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3908;&#3851;&#3904;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (thang ka); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thang ka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Thangka is a traditional Tibetan painting of a Buddha, deity, great Buddhist practitioner or mandala. It is usually sewn into a textile mounting and used as religious contemplation and visualization object.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21776;&#21345;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#30059;&#22312;&#24067;&#24148;&#25110;&#32025;&#19978;&#30340;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30059;&#20687;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/thangka\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>thangka<\/span>s, and ritual instruments displayed at the exhibition, sourced from museums around the world, mostly belong to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> (Tantric) tradition of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Tibetan Buddhism<\/span>. These artifacts carry profound meanings that go far beyond their surface appearances. If one can apply these deeper meanings in daily life, they will undoubtedly bring great benefit. Since many of you have a strong interest in the teachings of Tibetan Buddhist <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span>, this lecture will focus specifically on exploring this aspect.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings were transmitted from India to Tibet. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> is an integral part of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism. It does not form a separate system but is deeply interconnected with the broader <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> path. In practice, by skillfully integrating the methods of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Paramita<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sutrayana<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Causal Vehicle; &#22240;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33289;&#20197; &#22826;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(gyu yi tekpar); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyu yi theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Causal Vehicle refers teachings on emptiness found in both the Mahayana and Hinayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22240;&#20056;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#23567;&#20056;&#25152;&#25552;&#21040;&#30340;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#20839;&#23481;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/causal-vehicle\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Causal Vehicle<\/span>) and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Resultant or Fruition Vehicle; &#26524;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36889;&#24067;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(drebu ); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;bras bu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Resultant vehicle emphasizes union of the wisdom of emptiness (prajna) and the skillful means of great bliss.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26524;&#20056;&#26159;&#26234;&#24935;&#31354;&#24615;&#21450;&#22823;&#27138;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#38617;&#36939;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/fruition-vehicle\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Fruition<\/span> Vehicle), especially through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span>, one can achieve <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood more swiftly.<\/p><h3>Mahayana<\/h3><p>The purpose of practicing both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Paramita<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sutrayana<\/span> or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> teachings) is to attain the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. The goal of achieving <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood is to enable oneself and all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> to be free from the suffering of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span> and to attain the ultimate happiness of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span>. Therefore, without the foundation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Renunciation, Naiskramya; &#20986;&#38626;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20839;&#28847;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3908;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nge jung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nges &amp;#039;byung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Nai&#7779;kramya;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Renunciation is the genuine aspiration to be free from the entire cycle of rebirth, recognizing that all forms of worldly existence are ultimately pervaded by suffering. It is the foundational motivation for entering the Buddhist path, as it establishes the initial impetus to seek liberation. Unlike ordinary dissatisfaction, this renunciation is grounded in a clear understanding of the nature of suffering and the causes that perpetuate it. In the graduated path teachings, renunciation is cultivated through contemplating the rarity of a precious human life, the inevitability of death, the principle of karma, and the suffering inherent in the various realms of existence. When fully developed, renunciation naturally leads to the generation of bodhicitta, as one sees that all other beings are similarly trapped in the same cycle.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#25351;&#23565;&#25972;&#20491;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#29983;&#36215;&#30495;&#23526;&#30340;&#20986;&#38626;&#24847;&#39000;&#65292;&#20102;&#30693;&#19977;&#30028;&#19968;&#20999;&#23384;&#22312;&#20043;&#26412;&#36074;&#30342;&#28858;&#33510;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#28858;&#20837;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#22240;&#21807;&#26377;&#30495;&#23526;&#29983;&#36215;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#26041;&#33021;&#30495;&#27491;&#23563;&#27714;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#19968;&#33324;&#23565;&#33510;&#30340;&#21421;&#38626;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#24314;&#31435;&#22312;&#23565;&#33510;&#35558;&#33287;&#38598;&#35558;&#30340;&#22914;&#23526;&#35469;&#35672;&#20043;&#19978;&#12290;&#26044;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20013;&#65292;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#20043;&#20462;&#25345;&#20027;&#35201;&#36879;&#36942;&#24605;&#24799;&#26247;&#28415;&#38627;&#24471;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#28961;&#24120;&#12289;&#26989;&#26524;&#19981;&#34395;&#20197;&#21450;&#36650;&#36852;&#36942;&#24739;&#31561;&#21069;&#34892;&#27861;&#32780;&#20462;&#25104;&#12290;&#30070;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#22291;&#28415;&#29983;&#36215;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#33258;&#28982;&#32780;&#28982;&#24341;&#29983;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#34892;&#32773;&#23559;&#35211;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30342;&#21516;&#38519;&#26044;&#27492;&#29983;&#27515;&#33510;&#28023;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/naiskramya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">renunciation<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, and the wisdom realizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>&mdash;which are emphasized in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> teachings&mdash;it would be impossible to attain the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood, even through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span>.<\/p><p>According to the varying capacities and conditions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> taught different methods to guide them toward <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>. For those who seek only their own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> taught the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Hinayana<\/span> path. For those who prioritize the welfare of others and wish to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Liberate \/ Free \/ Release; &#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dr&ouml;l-wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mocana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To liberate is the act of freeing sentient beings from the bonds of cyclic existence, particularly from the causes of suffering such as ignorance, craving, and karmic formations. In the Buddhist context, liberation is both the process and the result of the path&mdash;it is the removal of obscurations that veil the true nature of mind, leading to the realization of emptiness and the cessation of suffering. Liberation is the ultimate goal of all Buddhist traditions. In the Mahayana, it encompasses both the personal freedom from suffering and the compassionate commitment to liberate all other beings from the cycle of birth and death.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26463;&#32283;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#33258;&#30001;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31561;&#33510;&#22240;&#20013;&#37323;&#25918;&#20986;&#20358;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#26082;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#36942;&#31243;&#65292;&#20063;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#32080;&#26524;&mdash;&mdash;&#36879;&#36942;&#21435;&#38500;&#35206;&#34109;&#24515;&#24615;&#26412;&#36074;&#30340;&#23458;&#22645;&#29033;&#24817;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#20006;&#27490;&#24687;&#19968;&#20999;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19968;&#20999;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#27861;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20491;&#20154;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20197;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#25215;&#35582;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#24291;&#22823;&#39000;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/liberate\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>liberate<\/span> all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> taught the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> path. Since we consider ourselves <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners, we should always cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and gentleness, valuing the welfare of others far above our own. This is the hallmark of a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioner, and it is only through such actions that we can achieve the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood.<\/p><h3>Self cherishing Mind<\/h3><p>Why are we unable to consistently treat others with <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>? This is due to the deeply ingrained &laquo;&nbsp;self-cherishing mind&nbsp;&raquo; that has accompanied us since beginningless time&mdash;a strong <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to our own self-interest. Under the influence of this self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, we are unable to prioritize the welfare of others over our own. We fail to consistently treat others with <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and gentleness, thereby depriving them of happiness. Therefore, to attain the ultimate state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood and bring peace and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> to all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, we must find ways to counteract and eliminate this self-cherishing mind. We should constantly cultivate a mindset of benefiting others and earnestly put it into practice. The root of rapid attainment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> practice lies in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>ate aspiration for all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> to swiftly achieve happiness and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>. This spirit of &laquo;&nbsp;attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood for the sake of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>&nbsp;&raquo; is the very essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings.<\/p><h3>Renunciation, Bodhicitta, and Wisdom of Emptiness<\/h3><p>To free oneself from the cycle of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span> and attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>, one must cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Renunciation, Naiskramya; &#20986;&#38626;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20839;&#28847;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3908;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nge jung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nges &amp;#039;byung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Nai&#7779;kramya;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Renunciation is the genuine aspiration to be free from the entire cycle of rebirth, recognizing that all forms of worldly existence are ultimately pervaded by suffering. It is the foundational motivation for entering the Buddhist path, as it establishes the initial impetus to seek liberation. Unlike ordinary dissatisfaction, this renunciation is grounded in a clear understanding of the nature of suffering and the causes that perpetuate it. In the graduated path teachings, renunciation is cultivated through contemplating the rarity of a precious human life, the inevitability of death, the principle of karma, and the suffering inherent in the various realms of existence. When fully developed, renunciation naturally leads to the generation of bodhicitta, as one sees that all other beings are similarly trapped in the same cycle.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#25351;&#23565;&#25972;&#20491;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#29983;&#36215;&#30495;&#23526;&#30340;&#20986;&#38626;&#24847;&#39000;&#65292;&#20102;&#30693;&#19977;&#30028;&#19968;&#20999;&#23384;&#22312;&#20043;&#26412;&#36074;&#30342;&#28858;&#33510;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#28858;&#20837;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#22240;&#21807;&#26377;&#30495;&#23526;&#29983;&#36215;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#26041;&#33021;&#30495;&#27491;&#23563;&#27714;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#19968;&#33324;&#23565;&#33510;&#30340;&#21421;&#38626;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#24314;&#31435;&#22312;&#23565;&#33510;&#35558;&#33287;&#38598;&#35558;&#30340;&#22914;&#23526;&#35469;&#35672;&#20043;&#19978;&#12290;&#26044;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20013;&#65292;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#20043;&#20462;&#25345;&#20027;&#35201;&#36879;&#36942;&#24605;&#24799;&#26247;&#28415;&#38627;&#24471;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#28961;&#24120;&#12289;&#26989;&#26524;&#19981;&#34395;&#20197;&#21450;&#36650;&#36852;&#36942;&#24739;&#31561;&#21069;&#34892;&#27861;&#32780;&#20462;&#25104;&#12290;&#30070;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#22291;&#28415;&#29983;&#36215;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#33258;&#28982;&#32780;&#28982;&#24341;&#29983;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#34892;&#32773;&#23559;&#35211;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30342;&#21516;&#38519;&#26044;&#27492;&#29983;&#27515;&#33510;&#28023;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/naiskramya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">renunciation<\/span>. To benefit oneself and all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, one must also cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> and practice the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Six Perfections, Paramitas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;, &#20845;&#24230;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3921;&#4018;&#3956;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(pha rol tu phyin pa drug); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa drug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satparamita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Generosity (DanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Virtue, ethical conduct (SilaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24525;&#36785;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Patience, tolerance (KsantiParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Perseverance\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;diligence&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ViryaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#38748;&#24942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Mental concentration (DhyanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#33324;&#33509;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Transcendental wisdom (PrajnaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The six perfections are the core set of transcendent practices cultivated by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. They are called &amp;quot;perfections&amp;quot; because they are practiced with the motivation of bodhicitta and are accompanied by the wisdom of emptiness, which transforms ordinary virtuous actions into causes for enlightenment. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;These practices are arranged in a progressive sequence, with each perfection supporting and deepening the ones that follow. Generosity establishes the foundation of giving, which is then refined through ethical discipline, patience, and diligent effort. Meditative concentration provides the mental stability needed for wisdom, which directly realizes the emptiness of all phenomena. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Together, the six perfections encompass both the accumulation of merit through compassionate action and the accumulation of wisdom through insight, forming the complete path of the bodhisattva. They are traditionally presented in the context of the bodhisattva grounds, with each ground emphasizing a particular perfection.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20845;&#24230;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#25104;&#23601;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#25152;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#20134;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12290;&#20043;&#25152;&#20197;&#31281;&#28858;&#12300;&#24230;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12301;&#65288;&#21040;&#24444;&#23736;&#65289;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#36889;&#20123;&#20462;&#25345;&#30342;&#20197;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#28858;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#20006;&#20197;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#28858;&#23566;&#24341;&#65292;&#33021;&#20196;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#36229;&#36234;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#27492;&#23736;&#65292;&#21040;&#36948;&#28037;&#27075;&#20043;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27492;&#20845;&#24230;&#20855;&#26377;&#22196;&#26684;&#30340;&#27425;&#31532;&#38364;&#20418;&#65292;&#21069;&#19968;&#24230;&#28858;&#24460;&#19968;&#24230;&#20043;&#22522;&#30990;&#65306;&#24067;&#26045;&#33021;&#20811;&#26381;&#24947;&#21533;&#65292;&#25345;&#25106;&#33021;&#28136;&#21270;&#34892;&#28858;&#65292;&#23433;&#24525;&#33021;&#23565;&#27835;&#30603;&#24680;&#65292;&#31934;&#36914;&#33021;&#20196;&#21892;&#27861;&#22686;&#38263;&#65292;&#38748;&#24942;&#33021;&#20196;&#24515;&#24471;&#23450;&#65292;&#26234;&#24935;&#21063;&#33021;&#30452;&#25509;&#26039;&#38500;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20102;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#30340;&#32047;&#31309;&#65292;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#23436;&#25972;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#31995;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/six-perfections\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">six perfections<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;DanaParamita, &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Perfection of Generosity, &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Generosity, Jinpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20170;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sbyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D&#257;nap&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dana Paramita, The perfection of giving \/ Generosity \/ Dana paramita is the first of the six perfections practiced by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. It involves the cultivated disposition to offer material goods, protection, and spiritual teachings to others without attachment, expectation, or any sense of possessiveness. This perfection is not merely the act of giving itself but the inner attitude of complete generosity that has been developed to its highest degree. When practiced with the motivation of bodhicitta and the wisdom of emptiness, the act of giving becomes a transcendent perfection that directly contributes to the attainment of buddhahood. The perfection of giving is traditionally divided into three types: the giving of material things, the giving of fearlessness (protection from harm), and the giving of the Dharma (spiritual teachings). Through this practice, the bodhisattva overcomes the root defilement of miserliness and establishes the foundation for all subsequent perfections. Jinpa is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Chinpa, Djinpa, Jimpa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#20845;&#24230;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#24230;&#65292;&#25351;&#20197;&#28961;&#31169;&#12289;&#28961;&#22519;&#33879;&#30340;&#24515;&#24907;&#65292;&#23559;&#36001;&#29289;&#12289;&#23433;&#20840;&#24863;&#33287;&#20315;&#27861;&#25945;&#23566;&#26045;&#20104;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#20462;&#25345;&#12290;&#27492;&#24230;&#20006;&#38750;&#20677;&#27490;&#26044;&#24067;&#26045;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#26356;&#22312;&#26044;&#23559;&#24951;&#24936;&#21033;&#20182;&#30340;&#24515;&#24907;&#22521;&#39178;&#33267;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#30340;&#22659;&#22320;&#12290;&#30070;&#24067;&#26045;&#20197;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#28858;&#21205;&#27231;&#12289;&#20197;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#28858;&#23566;&#24341;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#25104;&#28858;&#20102;&#36229;&#36234;&#19990;&#38291;&#21892;&#27861;&#30340;&#24230;&#24444;&#23736;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#30452;&#25509;&#23566;&#21521;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#20659;&#32113;&#19978;&#20998;&#28858;&#19977;&#31278;&#65306;&#36001;&#26045;&#65288;&#32102;&#20104;&#29289;&#36074;&#36039;&#20855;&#65289;&#12289;&#28961;&#30031;&#26045;&#65288;&#20445;&#35703;&#30526;&#29983;&#20813;&#26044;&#24656;&#25084;&#65289;&#33287;&#27861;&#26045;&#65288;&#20659;&#25480;&#20315;&#27861;&#27491;&#35211;&#65289;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#27492;&#20462;&#25345;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#33021;&#24505;&#24213;&#20811;&#26381;&#24947;&#21533;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#65292;&#20006;&#28858;&#20854;&#39192;&#20116;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#22880;&#23450;&#22533;&#23526;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#12290;&#20170;&#24052; \/ &#37329;&#24052; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/danaparamita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generosity<\/span>, discipline, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;KsantiParamita, Perfection of Patience, Tolerance, Forbearance, Zopa; &#24525;&#36785;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; (&#32034;&#24052;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3935;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(zo pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bzod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;K&#7779;&#257;ntip&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Perfection of Patience, KsantiParamita is the third of the six perfections practiced by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. It refers to the capacity to remain undisturbed and unperturbed when facing adversity, harm, or difficult circumstances. This perfection involves three distinct aspects: patience in the face of harm from others (remaining calm when subjected to injury or insult), patience in enduring hardships (accepting difficulties in practice and life without resentment), and patience in the profound teachings (maintaining confidence and acceptance of the deep truths of emptiness and dependent origination). Patience is considered a crucial antidote to anger, which is regarded as the most destructive of all mental defilements because it can destroy the merit accumulated over long periods of practice. Through the cultivation of patience, the bodhisattva develops resilience, deepens compassion, and creates the conditions for the successful completion of all other perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24525;&#36785;\/&#23433;&#24525;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#20845;&#24230;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#19977;&#24230;&#65292;&#25351;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#38754;&#23565;&#36870;&#22659;&#12289;&#20663;&#23475;&#25110;&#22256;&#38627;&#26178;&#65292;&#33021;&#20445;&#25345;&#20839;&#24515;&#24179;&#38748;&#12289;&#19981;&#28858;&#25152;&#21205;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#20462;&#25345;&#12290;&#27492;&#24230;&#28085;&#33995;&#19977;&#20491;&#38754;&#21521;&#65306;&#32784;&#24616;&#23475;&#24525;&#65288;&#36973;&#21463;&#20182;&#20154;&#20663;&#23475;&#25110;&#20398;&#36785;&#26178;&#19981;&#29983;&#30603;&#24680;&#65289;&#12289;&#23433;&#21463;&#33510;&#24525;&#65288;&#20462;&#34892;&#33287;&#29983;&#27963;&#20013;&#30340;&#33393;&#38627;&#22256;&#33510;&#22374;&#28982;&#25509;&#21463;&#32780;&#19981;&#36864;&#36681;&#65289;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#35558;&#23519;&#27861;&#24525;&#65288;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#33287;&#32227;&#36215;&#31561;&#29978;&#28145;&#27861;&#32681;&#22533;&#20449;&#19981;&#31227;&#65289;&#12290;&#23433;&#24525;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#23565;&#27835;&#30603;&#24680;&#30340;&#38364;&#37749;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#32780;&#30603;&#24680;&#34987;&#35469;&#28858;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#20013;&#26368;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#21147;&#32773;&#65292;&#22240;&#20854;&#33021;&#25703;&#27584;&#38263;&#21163;&#20462;&#34892;&#25152;&#31309;&#32047;&#30340;&#21892;&#26681;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#23433;&#24525;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#33021;&#22521;&#39178;&#22533;&#38860;&#30340;&#24515;&#24615;&#12289;&#28145;&#21270;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#20006;&#28858;&#22291;&#28415;&#20854;&#39192;&#35576;&#24230;&#21109;&#36896;&#24517;&#35201;&#30340;&#26781;&#20214;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ksantiparamita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">patience<\/span>, effort, concentration, and wisdom) as part of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> path. However, possessing only these two qualities is insufficient to attain the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. On the foundation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Renunciation, Naiskramya; &#20986;&#38626;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20839;&#28847;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3908;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nge jung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nges &amp;#039;byung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Nai&#7779;kramya;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Renunciation is the genuine aspiration to be free from the entire cycle of rebirth, recognizing that all forms of worldly existence are ultimately pervaded by suffering. It is the foundational motivation for entering the Buddhist path, as it establishes the initial impetus to seek liberation. Unlike ordinary dissatisfaction, this renunciation is grounded in a clear understanding of the nature of suffering and the causes that perpetuate it. In the graduated path teachings, renunciation is cultivated through contemplating the rarity of a precious human life, the inevitability of death, the principle of karma, and the suffering inherent in the various realms of existence. When fully developed, renunciation naturally leads to the generation of bodhicitta, as one sees that all other beings are similarly trapped in the same cycle.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#25351;&#23565;&#25972;&#20491;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#29983;&#36215;&#30495;&#23526;&#30340;&#20986;&#38626;&#24847;&#39000;&#65292;&#20102;&#30693;&#19977;&#30028;&#19968;&#20999;&#23384;&#22312;&#20043;&#26412;&#36074;&#30342;&#28858;&#33510;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#28858;&#20837;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#22240;&#21807;&#26377;&#30495;&#23526;&#29983;&#36215;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#26041;&#33021;&#30495;&#27491;&#23563;&#27714;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#19968;&#33324;&#23565;&#33510;&#30340;&#21421;&#38626;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#24314;&#31435;&#22312;&#23565;&#33510;&#35558;&#33287;&#38598;&#35558;&#30340;&#22914;&#23526;&#35469;&#35672;&#20043;&#19978;&#12290;&#26044;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20013;&#65292;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#20043;&#20462;&#25345;&#20027;&#35201;&#36879;&#36942;&#24605;&#24799;&#26247;&#28415;&#38627;&#24471;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#28961;&#24120;&#12289;&#26989;&#26524;&#19981;&#34395;&#20197;&#21450;&#36650;&#36852;&#36942;&#24739;&#31561;&#21069;&#34892;&#27861;&#32780;&#20462;&#25104;&#12290;&#30070;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#22291;&#28415;&#29983;&#36215;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#33258;&#28982;&#32780;&#28982;&#24341;&#29983;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#34892;&#32773;&#23559;&#35211;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30342;&#21516;&#38519;&#26044;&#27492;&#29983;&#27515;&#33510;&#28023;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/naiskramya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">renunciation<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, one must also realize the wisdom of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>. Only by realizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> can one eliminate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and self-<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>grasping<\/span> in one&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Renunciation, Naiskramya; &#20986;&#38626;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20839;&#28847;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3908;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nge jung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nges &amp;#039;byung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Nai&#7779;kramya;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Renunciation is the genuine aspiration to be free from the entire cycle of rebirth, recognizing that all forms of worldly existence are ultimately pervaded by suffering. It is the foundational motivation for entering the Buddhist path, as it establishes the initial impetus to seek liberation. Unlike ordinary dissatisfaction, this renunciation is grounded in a clear understanding of the nature of suffering and the causes that perpetuate it. In the graduated path teachings, renunciation is cultivated through contemplating the rarity of a precious human life, the inevitability of death, the principle of karma, and the suffering inherent in the various realms of existence. When fully developed, renunciation naturally leads to the generation of bodhicitta, as one sees that all other beings are similarly trapped in the same cycle.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#25351;&#23565;&#25972;&#20491;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#29983;&#36215;&#30495;&#23526;&#30340;&#20986;&#38626;&#24847;&#39000;&#65292;&#20102;&#30693;&#19977;&#30028;&#19968;&#20999;&#23384;&#22312;&#20043;&#26412;&#36074;&#30342;&#28858;&#33510;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#28858;&#20837;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#22240;&#21807;&#26377;&#30495;&#23526;&#29983;&#36215;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#26041;&#33021;&#30495;&#27491;&#23563;&#27714;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#19968;&#33324;&#23565;&#33510;&#30340;&#21421;&#38626;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#24314;&#31435;&#22312;&#23565;&#33510;&#35558;&#33287;&#38598;&#35558;&#30340;&#22914;&#23526;&#35469;&#35672;&#20043;&#19978;&#12290;&#26044;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20013;&#65292;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#20043;&#20462;&#25345;&#20027;&#35201;&#36879;&#36942;&#24605;&#24799;&#26247;&#28415;&#38627;&#24471;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#28961;&#24120;&#12289;&#26989;&#26524;&#19981;&#34395;&#20197;&#21450;&#36650;&#36852;&#36942;&#24739;&#31561;&#21069;&#34892;&#27861;&#32780;&#20462;&#25104;&#12290;&#30070;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#22291;&#28415;&#29983;&#36215;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#33258;&#28982;&#32780;&#28982;&#24341;&#29983;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#34892;&#32773;&#23559;&#35211;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30342;&#21516;&#38519;&#26044;&#27492;&#29983;&#27515;&#33510;&#28023;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/naiskramya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Renunciation<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, and the wisdom of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> are the core teachings of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> tradition and also serve as the foundation for entering the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> path.<\/p><h3>Similarities and Differences Between the Causal and Fruition Vehicles<\/h3><p>Let us briefly explore the similarities and differences between the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Paramita<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Causal Vehicle; &#22240;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33289;&#20197; &#22826;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(gyu yi tekpar); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyu yi theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Causal Vehicle refers teachings on emptiness found in both the Mahayana and Hinayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22240;&#20056;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#23567;&#20056;&#25152;&#25552;&#21040;&#30340;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#20839;&#23481;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/causal-vehicle\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">causal vehicle<\/span>) and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> (tantric or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Resultant or Fruition Vehicle; &#26524;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36889;&#24067;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(drebu ); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;bras bu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Resultant vehicle emphasizes union of the wisdom of emptiness (prajna) and the skillful means of great bliss.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26524;&#20056;&#26159;&#26234;&#24935;&#31354;&#24615;&#21450;&#22823;&#27138;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#38617;&#36939;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/fruition-vehicle\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>fruition<\/span> vehicle). The purpose of practicing both the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Paramita<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings is to attain the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> refers to the complete elimination of all faults and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perfection<\/span> of all virtues. To achieve this, one must possess <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Renunciation, Naiskramya; &#20986;&#38626;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20839;&#28847;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3908;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nge jung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nges &amp;#039;byung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Nai&#7779;kramya;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Renunciation is the genuine aspiration to be free from the entire cycle of rebirth, recognizing that all forms of worldly existence are ultimately pervaded by suffering. It is the foundational motivation for entering the Buddhist path, as it establishes the initial impetus to seek liberation. Unlike ordinary dissatisfaction, this renunciation is grounded in a clear understanding of the nature of suffering and the causes that perpetuate it. In the graduated path teachings, renunciation is cultivated through contemplating the rarity of a precious human life, the inevitability of death, the principle of karma, and the suffering inherent in the various realms of existence. When fully developed, renunciation naturally leads to the generation of bodhicitta, as one sees that all other beings are similarly trapped in the same cycle.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#25351;&#23565;&#25972;&#20491;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#29983;&#36215;&#30495;&#23526;&#30340;&#20986;&#38626;&#24847;&#39000;&#65292;&#20102;&#30693;&#19977;&#30028;&#19968;&#20999;&#23384;&#22312;&#20043;&#26412;&#36074;&#30342;&#28858;&#33510;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#28858;&#20837;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#22240;&#21807;&#26377;&#30495;&#23526;&#29983;&#36215;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#26041;&#33021;&#30495;&#27491;&#23563;&#27714;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#19968;&#33324;&#23565;&#33510;&#30340;&#21421;&#38626;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#24314;&#31435;&#22312;&#23565;&#33510;&#35558;&#33287;&#38598;&#35558;&#30340;&#22914;&#23526;&#35469;&#35672;&#20043;&#19978;&#12290;&#26044;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20013;&#65292;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#20043;&#20462;&#25345;&#20027;&#35201;&#36879;&#36942;&#24605;&#24799;&#26247;&#28415;&#38627;&#24471;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#28961;&#24120;&#12289;&#26989;&#26524;&#19981;&#34395;&#20197;&#21450;&#36650;&#36852;&#36942;&#24739;&#31561;&#21069;&#34892;&#27861;&#32780;&#20462;&#25104;&#12290;&#30070;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#22291;&#28415;&#29983;&#36215;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#33258;&#28982;&#32780;&#28982;&#24341;&#29983;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#34892;&#32773;&#23559;&#35211;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30342;&#21516;&#38519;&#26044;&#27492;&#29983;&#27515;&#33510;&#28023;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/naiskramya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">renunciation<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, and the wisdom of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>. Both the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Paramita<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> share the same understanding of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>, generate the same <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, and practice the same <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Six Perfections, Paramitas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;, &#20845;&#24230;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3921;&#4018;&#3956;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(pha rol tu phyin pa drug); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa drug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satparamita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Generosity (DanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Virtue, ethical conduct (SilaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24525;&#36785;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Patience, tolerance (KsantiParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Perseverance\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;diligence&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ViryaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#38748;&#24942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Mental concentration (DhyanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#33324;&#33509;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Transcendental wisdom (PrajnaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The six perfections are the core set of transcendent practices cultivated by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. They are called &amp;quot;perfections&amp;quot; because they are practiced with the motivation of bodhicitta and are accompanied by the wisdom of emptiness, which transforms ordinary virtuous actions into causes for enlightenment. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;These practices are arranged in a progressive sequence, with each perfection supporting and deepening the ones that follow. Generosity establishes the foundation of giving, which is then refined through ethical discipline, patience, and diligent effort. Meditative concentration provides the mental stability needed for wisdom, which directly realizes the emptiness of all phenomena. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Together, the six perfections encompass both the accumulation of merit through compassionate action and the accumulation of wisdom through insight, forming the complete path of the bodhisattva. They are traditionally presented in the context of the bodhisattva grounds, with each ground emphasizing a particular perfection.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20845;&#24230;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#25104;&#23601;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#25152;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#20134;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12290;&#20043;&#25152;&#20197;&#31281;&#28858;&#12300;&#24230;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12301;&#65288;&#21040;&#24444;&#23736;&#65289;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#36889;&#20123;&#20462;&#25345;&#30342;&#20197;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#28858;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#20006;&#20197;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#28858;&#23566;&#24341;&#65292;&#33021;&#20196;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#36229;&#36234;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#27492;&#23736;&#65292;&#21040;&#36948;&#28037;&#27075;&#20043;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27492;&#20845;&#24230;&#20855;&#26377;&#22196;&#26684;&#30340;&#27425;&#31532;&#38364;&#20418;&#65292;&#21069;&#19968;&#24230;&#28858;&#24460;&#19968;&#24230;&#20043;&#22522;&#30990;&#65306;&#24067;&#26045;&#33021;&#20811;&#26381;&#24947;&#21533;&#65292;&#25345;&#25106;&#33021;&#28136;&#21270;&#34892;&#28858;&#65292;&#23433;&#24525;&#33021;&#23565;&#27835;&#30603;&#24680;&#65292;&#31934;&#36914;&#33021;&#20196;&#21892;&#27861;&#22686;&#38263;&#65292;&#38748;&#24942;&#33021;&#20196;&#24515;&#24471;&#23450;&#65292;&#26234;&#24935;&#21063;&#33021;&#30452;&#25509;&#26039;&#38500;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20102;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#30340;&#32047;&#31309;&#65292;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#23436;&#25972;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#31995;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/six-perfections\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">six perfections<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> path. The goal of attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood is not merely for one&rsquo;s own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> but to benefit all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, enabling them to be freed from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span> and attain ultimate happiness, even reaching full <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span>. This shared goal is a crucial commonality between the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> and esoteric paths. Since the objective is the same, we must deeply investigate the methods for accomplishing the welfare of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Achieving Dharmakaya and Rupakaya<\/h3><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> possesses both the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">truth body<\/span>) and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">form body<\/span>), with the latter divided into the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya, Enjoyment body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#12289;&#21463;&#29992;&#36523;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (long ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;longs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;bhogak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Buddhas manifest in Sambhogakaya form so that Bodhisattvas can perceive and receive teachings. It is a subtle, enjoyment body beyond duality, space and time, achieved through accumulated merits and achievements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292; &#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#33769;&#34217;&#32147;&#38263;&#20037;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#22291;&#28415;&#19968;&#20999;&#36039;&#36001;&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#20854;&#31119;&#22577;&#38598;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#65292;&#21487;&#20139;&#21463;&#31278;&#31278;&#31146;&#24709;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sambhogakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sambhogakaya<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya, Enjoyment body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#12289;&#21463;&#29992;&#36523;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (long ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;longs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;bhogak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Buddhas manifest in Sambhogakaya form so that Bodhisattvas can perceive and receive teachings. It is a subtle, enjoyment body beyond duality, space and time, achieved through accumulated merits and achievements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292; &#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#33769;&#34217;&#32147;&#38263;&#20037;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#22291;&#28415;&#19968;&#20999;&#36039;&#36001;&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#20854;&#31119;&#22577;&#38598;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#65292;&#21487;&#20139;&#21463;&#31278;&#31278;&#31146;&#24709;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sambhogakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enjoyment body<\/span>) and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Tulku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#25033;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31062;&#21476;\/&#31062;&#35997;&#24601;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tul ku), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (trulpe ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sprul sku, sprul pa&amp;#039;i sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirm&#257;&#7751;ak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Emanation body, is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Nirmanakaya is the manifestation (appearance) of enlightenment in the physical world in various forms for the benefits of sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Tibetan word, Tulku, also refers to a reincarnated lama. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Tr&uuml;lku, Trulku.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#28858;&#24230;&#21270;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#39023;&#29694;&#19990;&#38291;&#30340;&#33394;&#36523;&#12289;&#32905;&#36523;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27963;&#20315;(&#31062;&#21476;)&#26159;&#20961;&#22827;&#33021;&#35211;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#21270;&#29694;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tulku\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirmanakaya<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Tulku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#25033;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31062;&#21476;\/&#31062;&#35997;&#24601;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tul ku), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (trulpe ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sprul sku, sprul pa&amp;#039;i sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirm&#257;&#7751;ak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Emanation body, is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Nirmanakaya is the manifestation (appearance) of enlightenment in the physical world in various forms for the benefits of sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Tibetan word, Tulku, also refers to a reincarnated lama. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Tr&uuml;lku, Trulku.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#28858;&#24230;&#21270;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#39023;&#29694;&#19990;&#38291;&#30340;&#33394;&#36523;&#12289;&#32905;&#36523;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27963;&#20315;(&#31062;&#21476;)&#26159;&#20961;&#22827;&#33021;&#35211;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#21270;&#29694;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tulku\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emanation body<\/span>). To attain the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>, one must practice the wisdom of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> and accumulate the merit of wisdom. To attain the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>, one must practice the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Six Perfections, Paramitas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;, &#20845;&#24230;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3921;&#4018;&#3956;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(pha rol tu phyin pa drug); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa drug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satparamita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Generosity (DanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Virtue, ethical conduct (SilaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24525;&#36785;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Patience, tolerance (KsantiParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Perseverance\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;diligence&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ViryaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#38748;&#24942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Mental concentration (DhyanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#33324;&#33509;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Transcendental wisdom (PrajnaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The six perfections are the core set of transcendent practices cultivated by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. They are called &amp;quot;perfections&amp;quot; because they are practiced with the motivation of bodhicitta and are accompanied by the wisdom of emptiness, which transforms ordinary virtuous actions into causes for enlightenment. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;These practices are arranged in a progressive sequence, with each perfection supporting and deepening the ones that follow. Generosity establishes the foundation of giving, which is then refined through ethical discipline, patience, and diligent effort. Meditative concentration provides the mental stability needed for wisdom, which directly realizes the emptiness of all phenomena. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Together, the six perfections encompass both the accumulation of merit through compassionate action and the accumulation of wisdom through insight, forming the complete path of the bodhisattva. They are traditionally presented in the context of the bodhisattva grounds, with each ground emphasizing a particular perfection.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20845;&#24230;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#25104;&#23601;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#25152;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#20134;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12290;&#20043;&#25152;&#20197;&#31281;&#28858;&#12300;&#24230;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12301;&#65288;&#21040;&#24444;&#23736;&#65289;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#36889;&#20123;&#20462;&#25345;&#30342;&#20197;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#28858;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#20006;&#20197;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#28858;&#23566;&#24341;&#65292;&#33021;&#20196;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#36229;&#36234;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#27492;&#23736;&#65292;&#21040;&#36948;&#28037;&#27075;&#20043;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27492;&#20845;&#24230;&#20855;&#26377;&#22196;&#26684;&#30340;&#27425;&#31532;&#38364;&#20418;&#65292;&#21069;&#19968;&#24230;&#28858;&#24460;&#19968;&#24230;&#20043;&#22522;&#30990;&#65306;&#24067;&#26045;&#33021;&#20811;&#26381;&#24947;&#21533;&#65292;&#25345;&#25106;&#33021;&#28136;&#21270;&#34892;&#28858;&#65292;&#23433;&#24525;&#33021;&#23565;&#27835;&#30603;&#24680;&#65292;&#31934;&#36914;&#33021;&#20196;&#21892;&#27861;&#22686;&#38263;&#65292;&#38748;&#24942;&#33021;&#20196;&#24515;&#24471;&#23450;&#65292;&#26234;&#24935;&#21063;&#33021;&#30452;&#25509;&#26039;&#38500;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20102;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#30340;&#32047;&#31309;&#65292;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#23436;&#25972;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#31995;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/six-perfections\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">six perfections<\/span> of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> path and accumulate the merit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Therefore, to achieve the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood, one must equally emphasize both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">skillful means<\/span>, accumulating the merits of wisdom and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Neither aspect can be neglected if one wishes to reach the goal.<\/p><h3>Difference Between Hinayana and Mahayana<\/h3><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Hinayana<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span>, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> all affirm the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> of self and share the same understanding of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> and the accumulation of wisdom. The difference lies in their methods of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">skillful means<\/span> and the accumulation of merit. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Hinayana<\/span> focuses solely on personal <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> and cultivates <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Renunciation, Naiskramya; &#20986;&#38626;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20839;&#28847;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3908;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nge jung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nges &amp;#039;byung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Nai&#7779;kramya;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Renunciation is the genuine aspiration to be free from the entire cycle of rebirth, recognizing that all forms of worldly existence are ultimately pervaded by suffering. It is the foundational motivation for entering the Buddhist path, as it establishes the initial impetus to seek liberation. Unlike ordinary dissatisfaction, this renunciation is grounded in a clear understanding of the nature of suffering and the causes that perpetuate it. In the graduated path teachings, renunciation is cultivated through contemplating the rarity of a precious human life, the inevitability of death, the principle of karma, and the suffering inherent in the various realms of existence. When fully developed, renunciation naturally leads to the generation of bodhicitta, as one sees that all other beings are similarly trapped in the same cycle.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#25351;&#23565;&#25972;&#20491;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#29983;&#36215;&#30495;&#23526;&#30340;&#20986;&#38626;&#24847;&#39000;&#65292;&#20102;&#30693;&#19977;&#30028;&#19968;&#20999;&#23384;&#22312;&#20043;&#26412;&#36074;&#30342;&#28858;&#33510;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#28858;&#20837;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#22240;&#21807;&#26377;&#30495;&#23526;&#29983;&#36215;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#26041;&#33021;&#30495;&#27491;&#23563;&#27714;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#19968;&#33324;&#23565;&#33510;&#30340;&#21421;&#38626;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#24314;&#31435;&#22312;&#23565;&#33510;&#35558;&#33287;&#38598;&#35558;&#30340;&#22914;&#23526;&#35469;&#35672;&#20043;&#19978;&#12290;&#26044;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20013;&#65292;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#20043;&#20462;&#25345;&#20027;&#35201;&#36879;&#36942;&#24605;&#24799;&#26247;&#28415;&#38627;&#24471;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#28961;&#24120;&#12289;&#26989;&#26524;&#19981;&#34395;&#20197;&#21450;&#36650;&#36852;&#36942;&#24739;&#31561;&#21069;&#34892;&#27861;&#32780;&#20462;&#25104;&#12290;&#30070;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#22291;&#28415;&#29983;&#36215;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#33021;&#33258;&#28982;&#32780;&#28982;&#24341;&#29983;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#34892;&#32773;&#23559;&#35211;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30342;&#21516;&#38519;&#26044;&#27492;&#29983;&#27515;&#33510;&#28023;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/naiskramya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">renunciation<\/span> for this purpose. In contrast, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> aims to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Liberate \/ Free \/ Release; &#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dr&ouml;l-wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mocana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To liberate is the act of freeing sentient beings from the bonds of cyclic existence, particularly from the causes of suffering such as ignorance, craving, and karmic formations. In the Buddhist context, liberation is both the process and the result of the path&mdash;it is the removal of obscurations that veil the true nature of mind, leading to the realization of emptiness and the cessation of suffering. Liberation is the ultimate goal of all Buddhist traditions. In the Mahayana, it encompasses both the personal freedom from suffering and the compassionate commitment to liberate all other beings from the cycle of birth and death.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26463;&#32283;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#33258;&#30001;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31561;&#33510;&#22240;&#20013;&#37323;&#25918;&#20986;&#20358;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#26082;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#36942;&#31243;&#65292;&#20063;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#32080;&#26524;&mdash;&mdash;&#36879;&#36942;&#21435;&#38500;&#35206;&#34109;&#24515;&#24615;&#26412;&#36074;&#30340;&#23458;&#22645;&#29033;&#24817;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#20006;&#27490;&#24687;&#19968;&#20999;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19968;&#20999;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#27861;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20491;&#20154;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20197;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#25215;&#35582;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#24291;&#22823;&#39000;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/liberate\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>liberate<\/span> all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> and lead them to ultimate happiness. Therefore, in addition to striving for the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners must also attain the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>. Only then can they manifest various forms to meet the diverse needs of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Liberate \/ Free \/ Release; &#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dr&ouml;l-wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mocana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To liberate is the act of freeing sentient beings from the bonds of cyclic existence, particularly from the causes of suffering such as ignorance, craving, and karmic formations. In the Buddhist context, liberation is both the process and the result of the path&mdash;it is the removal of obscurations that veil the true nature of mind, leading to the realization of emptiness and the cessation of suffering. Liberation is the ultimate goal of all Buddhist traditions. In the Mahayana, it encompasses both the personal freedom from suffering and the compassionate commitment to liberate all other beings from the cycle of birth and death.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26463;&#32283;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#33258;&#30001;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31561;&#33510;&#22240;&#20013;&#37323;&#25918;&#20986;&#20358;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#26082;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#36942;&#31243;&#65292;&#20063;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#32080;&#26524;&mdash;&mdash;&#36879;&#36942;&#21435;&#38500;&#35206;&#34109;&#24515;&#24615;&#26412;&#36074;&#30340;&#23458;&#22645;&#29033;&#24817;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#20006;&#27490;&#24687;&#19968;&#20999;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19968;&#20999;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#27861;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20491;&#20154;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20197;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#25215;&#35582;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#24291;&#22823;&#39000;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/liberate\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>liberate<\/span> those trapped in the suffering of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span>. This aspiration to &ldquo;attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood for the sake of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>&rdquo; is the key distinction between <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Hinayana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Unique Features of Vajrayana<\/h3><p>In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> tradition, the practice of realizing the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> of inherent existence serves as the cause for ultimately attaining the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>. However, it lacks a clear method for achieving the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> path emphasizes generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> and practicing the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Six Perfections, Paramitas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;, &#20845;&#24230;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3921;&#4018;&#3956;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(pha rol tu phyin pa drug); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa drug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satparamita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24067;&#26045;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Generosity (DanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Virtue, ethical conduct (SilaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#24525;&#36785;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Patience, tolerance (KsantiParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Perseverance\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;diligence&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ViryaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;\/&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#38748;&#24942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Mental concentration (DhyanaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#33324;&#33509;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; Transcendental wisdom (PrajnaParamita)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The six perfections are the core set of transcendent practices cultivated by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. They are called &amp;quot;perfections&amp;quot; because they are practiced with the motivation of bodhicitta and are accompanied by the wisdom of emptiness, which transforms ordinary virtuous actions into causes for enlightenment. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;These practices are arranged in a progressive sequence, with each perfection supporting and deepening the ones that follow. Generosity establishes the foundation of giving, which is then refined through ethical discipline, patience, and diligent effort. Meditative concentration provides the mental stability needed for wisdom, which directly realizes the emptiness of all phenomena. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Together, the six perfections encompass both the accumulation of merit through compassionate action and the accumulation of wisdom through insight, forming the complete path of the bodhisattva. They are traditionally presented in the context of the bodhisattva grounds, with each ground emphasizing a particular perfection.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20845;&#24230;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#28858;&#25104;&#23601;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#25152;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#20134;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12290;&#20043;&#25152;&#20197;&#31281;&#28858;&#12300;&#24230;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12301;&#65288;&#21040;&#24444;&#23736;&#65289;&#65292;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#36889;&#20123;&#20462;&#25345;&#30342;&#20197;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#28858;&#21205;&#27231;&#65292;&#20006;&#20197;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#28858;&#23566;&#24341;&#65292;&#33021;&#20196;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#36229;&#36234;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#27492;&#23736;&#65292;&#21040;&#36948;&#28037;&#27075;&#20043;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27492;&#20845;&#24230;&#20855;&#26377;&#22196;&#26684;&#30340;&#27425;&#31532;&#38364;&#20418;&#65292;&#21069;&#19968;&#24230;&#28858;&#24460;&#19968;&#24230;&#20043;&#22522;&#30990;&#65306;&#24067;&#26045;&#33021;&#20811;&#26381;&#24947;&#21533;&#65292;&#25345;&#25106;&#33021;&#28136;&#21270;&#34892;&#28858;&#65292;&#23433;&#24525;&#33021;&#23565;&#27835;&#30603;&#24680;&#65292;&#31934;&#36914;&#33021;&#20196;&#21892;&#27861;&#22686;&#38263;&#65292;&#38748;&#24942;&#33021;&#20196;&#24515;&#24471;&#23450;&#65292;&#26234;&#24935;&#21063;&#33021;&#30452;&#25509;&#26039;&#38500;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20102;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#20108;&#31278;&#36039;&#31975;&#30340;&#32047;&#31309;&#65292;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#23436;&#25972;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#31995;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/six-perfections\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">six perfections<\/span> to accumulate the merit needed for attaining the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span> in the future. In contrast, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> employs the unique method of &ldquo;self-visualization as a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span>,&rdquo; where practitioners <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> themselves as a fully enlightened <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span> adorned with the thirty-two major and eighty minor marks, thereby accomplishing the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>. This is a distinctive feature of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span>, setting it apart from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> path in terms of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">skillful means<\/span> and the accumulation of merit.<\/p><h3>Non-Duality of Dharmakaya and Rupakaya<\/h3><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span> are indivisible and inseparable. Through the union of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">skillful means<\/span>, one accumulates the perfect merits of wisdom and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. From the wisdom of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> arise various manifestations of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>, tailored to the capacities and conditions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. Although these manifestations may differ, they all originate from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> that eliminates all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s. Therefore, in the context of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi \/ Perfect Enlightenment \/ Complete Perfect Awakening \/ Unsurpassable Enlightened One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27491;&#36941;&#30693;\/&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yang-dak-p&eacute; chang-chub); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: yang dag pa&amp;#039;i byang chub; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SamyakSambuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi, Perfect enlightenment, is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha. It refers to the highest, unsurpassed state of awakening attained by a buddha. The term literally means &amp;quot;correct, complete awakening,&amp;quot; indicating that this state is fully accurate and all-encompassing. It is the direct and perfect realization of the nature of all phenomena as empty of inherent existence, combined with the complete eradication of all defilements and the perfection of all excellent qualities. This awakening is distinguished from the partial realization of a hearer or solitary realizer, as it includes both the wisdom of emptiness and the great compassion that spontaneously works for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term is often expanded to &amp;quot;unsurpassed perfect enlightenment,&amp;quot; which emphasizes that there is no higher or more complete state of awakening beyond this.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#25152;&#35657;&#24471;&#30340;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#12289;&#26368;&#22291;&#28415;&#20043;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35258;&#24735;&#20013;&#26368;&#28858;&#27491;&#30906;&#32780;&#21608;&#36941;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#27491;&#31561;&#12301;&#65307;&#20854;&#26368;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#12289;&#28961;&#26377;&#26356;&#19978;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#35258;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22659;&#30028;&#21253;&#21547;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#28961;&#33258;&#24615;&#20043;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#29694;&#35657;&#65292;&#24505;&#24213;&#26039;&#30433;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#38556;&#33287;&#25152;&#30693;&#38556;&#65292;&#20006;&#22291;&#28415;&#25104;&#23601;&#19968;&#20999;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#32882;&#32862;&#32227;&#35258;&#20043;&#20559;&#31354;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20035;&#21516;&#26178;&#20855;&#36275;&#24754;&#26234;&#38617;&#36939;&#20043;&#22291;&#28415;&#26524;&#20301;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#24460;&#33021;&#20219;&#36939;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samyak-sambuddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perfect enlightenment<\/span>, his <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">skillful means<\/span> and wisdom, as well as his <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>, are non-dual in nature.<\/p><p>Thus, practitioners begin from the &laquo;&nbsp;ground&nbsp;&raquo; stage of the path (the foundational level) and gradually generate realizations of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stages of the path, Lamrim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532; (&#26391;&#26519;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(lamrim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lamrim (stages of the path) is a Tibetan Buddhist teaching for the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha. Atisa wrote the first root text, &amp;quot;A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment&amp;quot;. Many Tibetan masters wrote many versions including Tsongkhapa&amp;#039;s masterpiece &amp;quot;Lamrim Chenmo&amp;quot; (The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path of Enlightenment).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26681;&#25818;&#19981;&#21516;&#20154;&#36039;&#36074;&#26681;&#22120;&#19981;&#21516;&#65292;&#23559;&#20462;&#23416;&#21123;&#20998;&#28858;&#25976;&#20491;&#19981;&#21516;&#38542;&#27573;&#30340;&#36947;&#36335;&#25152;&#23531;&#25104;&#30340;&#20462;&#27861;&#26360;&#31821;&#12290;&#26368;&#26089;&#20986;&#29694;&#30340;&#33879;&#20316;&#26159;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#30340;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#24291;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;zh-CN&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20197;&#19979;&#28858;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#32147;&#26360; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;The following is a list of the most important Lamrim texts : ....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lamrim\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stages of the path<\/span> within their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>s. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yogi \/ Yoga Practitioner&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljorpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yogin;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A yogi is a practitioner who engages in spiritual training and meditation, particularly within the Vajrayana Buddhist or Hindu traditions. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for &amp;quot;yoga&amp;quot; (union), referring to a practitioner who seeks to unite with the ultimate reality through disciplined practice. In the Buddhist context, a yogi is someone who has taken up the path of union and is dedicated to the practice of the higher tantric disciplines. This includes both lay and monastic practitioners, emphasizing their inner realizations over external forms. In Tibetan Buddhism, the term naljorpa can include both ordained and non-ordained practitioners, and the feminine form is naljorma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&#26159;&#24478;&#20107;&#38728;&#24615;&#35347;&#32244;&#33287;&#31146;&#20462;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25110;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28304;&#26044;&#26805;&#25991;&#12300;&#29788;&#20285;&#12301;&#65288;&#30456;&#25033;&#12289;&#21512;&#19968;&#65289;&#65292;&#25351;&#36879;&#36942;&#22196;&#35641;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#23563;&#27714;&#33287;&#31350;&#31455;&#23526;&#30456;&#21512;&#19968;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#35486;&#22659;&#20013;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#36259;&#20837;&#30456;&#25033;&#20043;&#36947;&#20006;&#23560;&#27880;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20986;&#23478;&#33287;&#22312;&#23478;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#65292;&#24375;&#35519;&#20854;&#20839;&#22312;&#35657;&#24735;&#32780;&#38750;&#22806;&#22312;&#24418;&#24335;&#12290;&#22312;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;naljorpa &#19968;&#35422;&#21487;&#21253;&#25324;&#21463;&#25106;&#33287;&#26410;&#21463;&#25106;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#65292;&#20854;&#22899;&#24615;&#24418;&#24335;&#28858; naljorma&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yogi\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yogi<\/span>s, seeking to realize the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>, must abide in the true nature of all phenomena&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>&mdash;and diligently practice to attain the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>. They also <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> themselves as deities or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>s, aspiring to achieve the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span> adorned with the thirty-two major and eighty minor marks. Practicing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> and self-visualization as a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span> are complementary causes for attaining the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>. During the &laquo;&nbsp;path&nbsp;&raquo; stage, both wisdom and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">skillful means<\/span> must be practiced equally without neglecting either, as only then can one achieve the perfect state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood.<\/p><h3>Non-Dual Practice of Emptiness and Skillful Means<\/h3><p>For <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yogi \/ Yoga Practitioner&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljorpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yogin;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A yogi is a practitioner who engages in spiritual training and meditation, particularly within the Vajrayana Buddhist or Hindu traditions. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for &amp;quot;yoga&amp;quot; (union), referring to a practitioner who seeks to unite with the ultimate reality through disciplined practice. In the Buddhist context, a yogi is someone who has taken up the path of union and is dedicated to the practice of the higher tantric disciplines. This includes both lay and monastic practitioners, emphasizing their inner realizations over external forms. In Tibetan Buddhism, the term naljorpa can include both ordained and non-ordained practitioners, and the feminine form is naljorma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&#26159;&#24478;&#20107;&#38728;&#24615;&#35347;&#32244;&#33287;&#31146;&#20462;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25110;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28304;&#26044;&#26805;&#25991;&#12300;&#29788;&#20285;&#12301;&#65288;&#30456;&#25033;&#12289;&#21512;&#19968;&#65289;&#65292;&#25351;&#36879;&#36942;&#22196;&#35641;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#23563;&#27714;&#33287;&#31350;&#31455;&#23526;&#30456;&#21512;&#19968;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#35486;&#22659;&#20013;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#36259;&#20837;&#30456;&#25033;&#20043;&#36947;&#20006;&#23560;&#27880;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20986;&#23478;&#33287;&#22312;&#23478;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#65292;&#24375;&#35519;&#20854;&#20839;&#22312;&#35657;&#24735;&#32780;&#38750;&#22806;&#22312;&#24418;&#24335;&#12290;&#22312;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;naljorpa &#19968;&#35422;&#21487;&#21253;&#25324;&#21463;&#25106;&#33287;&#26410;&#21463;&#25106;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#65292;&#20854;&#22899;&#24615;&#24418;&#24335;&#28858; naljorma&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yogi\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yogi<\/span>s, the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tab); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upaya Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Skillful means, Upaya paramita, is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26041;&#20415;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/upaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">skillful means<\/span> occurs simultaneously and cannot be separated. The perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span> arises instantaneously from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>, and the two are inseparable. One should not artificially distinguish between their existence or non-existence. When practitioners <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> themselves as a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span> and enter the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>mandala<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Protector&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/pala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>pala<\/span>ce), surrounded by countless other <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Protector&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/pala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>pala<\/span>ces, they experience four distinctions: place (the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s pure land), body (the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span>), enjoyment (the wealth enjoyed by the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>), and activity (the various accomplishments of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>). Practicing the corresponding causes to achieve the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rupakaya<\/span> is a significant difference between the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> and esoteric paths.<\/p><h3>Difference in Motivation<\/h3><p>Practicing the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> teachings requires three incalculable eons to accumulate the perfect merits of wisdom and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, ultimately attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. In contrast, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings emphasize that through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga, Highest Yoga Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nal jor la na me pay jue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor bla na med pa&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga (highest yoga tantra) is the highest of the four classes of Vajrayana containing Guhyasamaja, Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Hevajra, and Kalachakra tantras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#26368;&#19978;&#37096;&#65292;&#21253;&#21547;&#20102;&#23494;&#38598;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21213;&#27138;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#21644;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anuttarayoga-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">highest yoga tantra<\/span>, one can achieve <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood within a human lifespan. However, whether one can attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood in this very lifetime depends not on differences in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span> itself but on the practitioner&rsquo;s motivation. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Exoteric<\/span> practitioners who generate strong <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> and diligently practice the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> path can also swiftly accumulate the merits of wisdom and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, thereby attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. Conversely, even <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yogi \/ Yoga Practitioner&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljorpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yogin;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A yogi is a practitioner who engages in spiritual training and meditation, particularly within the Vajrayana Buddhist or Hindu traditions. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for &amp;quot;yoga&amp;quot; (union), referring to a practitioner who seeks to unite with the ultimate reality through disciplined practice. In the Buddhist context, a yogi is someone who has taken up the path of union and is dedicated to the practice of the higher tantric disciplines. This includes both lay and monastic practitioners, emphasizing their inner realizations over external forms. In Tibetan Buddhism, the term naljorpa can include both ordained and non-ordained practitioners, and the feminine form is naljorma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&#26159;&#24478;&#20107;&#38728;&#24615;&#35347;&#32244;&#33287;&#31146;&#20462;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25110;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28304;&#26044;&#26805;&#25991;&#12300;&#29788;&#20285;&#12301;&#65288;&#30456;&#25033;&#12289;&#21512;&#19968;&#65289;&#65292;&#25351;&#36879;&#36942;&#22196;&#35641;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#23563;&#27714;&#33287;&#31350;&#31455;&#23526;&#30456;&#21512;&#19968;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#35486;&#22659;&#20013;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#22763;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#36259;&#20837;&#30456;&#25033;&#20043;&#36947;&#20006;&#23560;&#27880;&#26044;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#32396;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20986;&#23478;&#33287;&#22312;&#23478;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#65292;&#24375;&#35519;&#20854;&#20839;&#22312;&#35657;&#24735;&#32780;&#38750;&#22806;&#22312;&#24418;&#24335;&#12290;&#22312;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;naljorpa &#19968;&#35422;&#21487;&#21253;&#25324;&#21463;&#25106;&#33287;&#26410;&#21463;&#25106;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#65292;&#20854;&#22899;&#24615;&#24418;&#24335;&#28858; naljorma&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yogi\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yogi<\/span>s practicing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga, Highest Yoga Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nal jor la na me pay jue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor bla na med pa&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga (highest yoga tantra) is the highest of the four classes of Vajrayana containing Guhyasamaja, Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Hevajra, and Kalachakra tantras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#26368;&#19978;&#37096;&#65292;&#21253;&#21547;&#20102;&#23494;&#38598;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21213;&#27138;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#21644;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anuttarayoga-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">highest yoga tantra<\/span> will still require countless eons to perfect their accumulation of merit if they lack such strong motivation. Thus, the speed of attainment depends on the difference in the practitioner&rsquo;s motivation, not on differences in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Generation Stage<\/h3><p>To practice the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings, practitioners must first receive <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Empowerment, Initiation, Power, Force; &#28748;&#38914;, &#21147;&#37327; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26106;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3926;&#3908; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(wang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dbang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abhisheka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;An empowerment, Initiation, is a Vajrayana ritual which a qualified guru initiates and gives permission to a student into a tantric practice. It plants a seed into the mind of the student, the potential for Buddhahood and to create connections to the guru and to the deity.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20462;&#25345;&#32773;&#24517;&#38920;&#24478;&#20855;&#26684;&#19978;&#24107;&#34389;&#25509;&#25910;&#23494;&#27861;&#28748;&#38914;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#21152;&#25345;&#21450;&#25945;&#25480; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/initiation\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">empowerment<\/span> (initiation) from a qualified authentic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>guru<\/span>. This <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Empowerment, Initiation, Power, Force; &#28748;&#38914;, &#21147;&#37327; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26106;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3926;&#3908; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(wang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dbang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abhisheka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;An empowerment, Initiation, is a Vajrayana ritual which a qualified guru initiates and gives permission to a student into a tantric practice. It plants a seed into the mind of the student, the potential for Buddhahood and to create connections to the guru and to the deity.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20462;&#25345;&#32773;&#24517;&#38920;&#24478;&#20855;&#26684;&#19978;&#24107;&#34389;&#25509;&#25910;&#23494;&#27861;&#28748;&#38914;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#21152;&#25345;&#21450;&#25945;&#25480; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/initiation\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">empowerment<\/span> authorizes the practitioner to engage in the specific tantric practices transmitted by the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>guru<\/span>. There are four classes of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span>: <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kriya Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20107;&#32396;, &#20107;&#37096;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ja way gyu); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bya ba&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kriy&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kriya Tantra (Action Tantra) is the first of the four tantras which emphasizes personal purity and external activities, such as prayers and mudras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20107;&#37096;&#26159;&#22235;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#37096;&#65292;&#24375;&#35519;&#20491;&#20154;&#28136;&#21270;&#65292;&#20107;&#30456;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kriya-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>kriya<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Charya Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34892;&#37096;, &#34892;&#32396;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4017;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;spyod rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;cary&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Charya Tantra (Performance Tantra) is the second of the four tantras emphasizing both internal meditation, recitation and external rituals.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#37096;&#26159;&#22235;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#20108;&#37096;&#65292;&#24375;&#35519;&#23526;&#34892;&#21816;&#35494;&#21650;&#35486;&#65292;&#35264;&#24819;&#65292;&#31146;&#23450;&#65292;&#20839;&#22806;&#20860;&#20462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/charya-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>charya<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga \/ Spiritual Discipline \/ Union \/ Meditation&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yoga is a term with multiple meanings across Indian and Buddhist traditions. In its most general sense, it refers to spiritual discipline, meditation, or the practice of mental and physical training. In the context of Buddhist psychology, yoga is defined as a mental factor that focuses the mind on an object and unifies it with that object. In the Vajrayana tradition, yoga takes on a more specific meaning, referring to the system of practice that unites method and wisdom, and it is the basis for the classification of the four classes of tantra: Action Tantra, Performance Tantra, Yoga Tantra, and Highest Yoga Tantra. The term is derived from the Sanskrit root &radic;yuj, meaning &amp;quot;to yoke&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;to unite,&amp;quot; reflecting the goal of uniting the mind with its object, or the practitioner with the awakened state. In Tibetan, the term is naljor, which literally means &amp;quot;union with the natural state.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#26159;&#19968;&#20491;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#33287;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#20855;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#12290;&#22312;&#20854;&#26368;&#26222;&#36941;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;&#19978;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#25351;&#31934;&#31070;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#31146;&#20462;&#25110;&#36523;&#24515;&#35347;&#32244;&#30340;&#23526;&#36368;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#24515;&#29702;&#23416;&#30340;&#33032;&#32097;&#20013;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#34987;&#23450;&#32681;&#28858;&#19968;&#31278;&#20196;&#24515;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#25152;&#32227;&#22659;&#20006;&#33287;&#20043;&#32080;&#21512;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#12290;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#20855;&#26377;&#26356;&#20855;&#39636;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;&#65292;&#25351;&#23559;&#26041;&#20415;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#38617;&#36939;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#31995;&#65292;&#20063;&#26159;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20998;&#39006;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#65306;&#20107;&#32396;&#12289;&#34892;&#32396;&#12289;&#29788;&#20285;&#32396;&#33287;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#32396;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28304;&#26044;&#26805;&#25991;&#35422;&#26681; &radic;yuj&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&#12300;&#32080;&#21512;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#36899;&#25509;&#12301;&#65292;&#21453;&#26144;&#20102;&#23559;&#24515;&#33287;&#25152;&#32227;&#22659;&#32080;&#21512;&#65292;&#25110;&#23559;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#33287;&#35258;&#24735;&#29376;&#24907;&#32080;&#21512;&#30340;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28858; naljor&#65292;&#23383;&#38754;&#24847;&#28858;&#12300;&#33287;&#26412;&#28982;&#29376;&#24907;&#32080;&#21512;&#12301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yoga\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yoga<\/span>, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga, Highest Yoga Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nal jor la na me pay jue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor bla na med pa&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga (highest yoga tantra) is the highest of the four classes of Vajrayana containing Guhyasamaja, Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Hevajra, and Kalachakra tantras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#26368;&#19978;&#37096;&#65292;&#21253;&#21547;&#20102;&#23494;&#38598;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21213;&#27138;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#21644;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anuttarayoga-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">anuttarayoga<\/span>. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga, Highest Yoga Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nal jor la na me pay jue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor bla na med pa&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga (highest yoga tantra) is the highest of the four classes of Vajrayana containing Guhyasamaja, Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Hevajra, and Kalachakra tantras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#26368;&#19978;&#37096;&#65292;&#21253;&#21547;&#20102;&#23494;&#38598;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21213;&#27138;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#21644;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anuttarayoga-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">anuttarayoga<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span> is divided into <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Two stages&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20108;&#27425;&#31532;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#23612;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&#3851;&#3906;&#3913;&#3954;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(rim nyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rim gnyis&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Two stages of tantra are Generation stage and completion stage.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23494;&#23447;&#20108;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#21450;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/two-stages\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">two stages<\/span>: the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span> (utpattikrama) and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span> (sampannakrama). To practice <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga, Highest Yoga Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nal jor la na me pay jue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor bla na med pa&amp;#039;i rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anuttarayoga (highest yoga tantra) is the highest of the four classes of Vajrayana containing Guhyasamaja, Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Hevajra, and Kalachakra tantras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#37096;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20013;&#26368;&#19978;&#37096;&#65292;&#21253;&#21547;&#20102;&#23494;&#38598;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21213;&#27138;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#21644;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anuttarayoga-tantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">anuttarayoga<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span>, in addition to receiving <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Empowerment, Initiation, Power, Force; &#28748;&#38914;, &#21147;&#37327; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26106;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3926;&#3908; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(wang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dbang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abhisheka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;An empowerment, Initiation, is a Vajrayana ritual which a qualified guru initiates and gives permission to a student into a tantric practice. It plants a seed into the mind of the student, the potential for Buddhahood and to create connections to the guru and to the deity.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20462;&#25345;&#32773;&#24517;&#38920;&#24478;&#20855;&#26684;&#19978;&#24107;&#34389;&#25509;&#25910;&#23494;&#27861;&#28748;&#38914;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#21152;&#25345;&#21450;&#25945;&#25480; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/initiation\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">empowerment<\/span>, practitioners must also listen to their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>guru<\/span>&rsquo;s explanations of the content and methods of the practice before beginning.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span> is based on the three states that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> experience in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span>: birth, death, and the intermediate state (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bardo, Intermediate State&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20013;&#38512;, &#20013;&#26377;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (bar do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bar do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Antar&#257;bhava;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The intermediate state is the transitional period between death and the next rebirth, according to Buddhist cosmology. The term literally means &amp;quot;between&amp;quot; (antara \/ bar) and &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; (bhava \/ do). This state is said to last up to forty-nine days, during which the consciousness of the deceased wanders in search of a new place of birth. The experiences of the bardo are shaped by one&amp;#039;s past karma, and the state is characterized by vivid hallucinations, intense emotions, and encounters with peaceful and wrathful deities. It is considered an important opportunity for liberation, as the mind in the bardo is more flexible and susceptible to spiritual influence, which is the basis for the practice of reading or reciting the Bardo Thodol (Tibetan Book of the Dead) to guide the deceased. The bardo is one of the six realms of existence in the sense that it is a temporary state of being, though it is typically not counted among the six realms of rebirth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20013;&#38512;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#27515;&#20129;&#33287;&#19979;&#19968;&#26399;&#25237;&#29983;&#20043;&#38291;&#30340;&#36942;&#28193;&#38542;&#27573;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#30340;&#23383;&#38754;&#32681;&#28858;&#12300;&#20013;&#38291;&#12301;&#65288;antara \/ bar&#65289;&#33287;&#12300;&#29376;&#24907;&#12301;&#65288;bhava \/ do&#65289;&#12290;&#27492;&#38542;&#27573;&#26368;&#38263;&#21487;&#25345;&#32396;&#22235;&#21313;&#20061;&#22825;&#65292;&#22312;&#27492;&#26399;&#38291;&#20129;&#32773;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;&#24472;&#24458;&#23563;&#27714;&#26032;&#30340;&#25237;&#29983;&#34389;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#30340;&#39636;&#39511;&#30001;&#36942;&#21435;&#30340;&#26989;&#21147;&#25152;&#22609;&#36896;&#65292;&#20854;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#29983;&#21205;&#30340;&#24187;&#35258;&#12289;&#24375;&#28872;&#30340;&#24773;&#32210;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#36935;&#35211;&#23490;&#38748;&#33287;&#24575;&#24594;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#32147;&#39511;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#27231;&#26371;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#20013;&#38512;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;&#36611;&#28858;&#38728;&#27963;&#19988;&#26131;&#21463;&#24515;&#38728;&#24433;&#38911;&#65292;&#27492;&#21363;&#28858;&#35712;&#35494;&#25110;&#32893;&#32862;&#12298;&#20013;&#38512;&#32862;&#25945;&#24471;&#24230;&#12299;&#65288;&#12298;&#35199;&#34255;&#24230;&#20129;&#32147;&#12299;&#65289;&#20197;&#24341;&#23566;&#20129;&#32773;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#26377;&#26178;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#26283;&#26178;&#30340;&#23384;&#22312;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#20294;&#36890;&#24120;&#19981;&#34987;&#21015;&#20837;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bardo\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>bardo<\/span>). In these three states, beings are driven by the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations in their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>s, causing them to endlessly cycle through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span> and endure immense suffering. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span> to achieve <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>. The purpose of practicing the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span> is to remove the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>, transforming the ordinary states of birth, death, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bardo, Intermediate State&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20013;&#38512;, &#20013;&#26377;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (bar do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bar do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Antar&#257;bhava;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The intermediate state is the transitional period between death and the next rebirth, according to Buddhist cosmology. The term literally means &amp;quot;between&amp;quot; (antara \/ bar) and &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; (bhava \/ do). This state is said to last up to forty-nine days, during which the consciousness of the deceased wanders in search of a new place of birth. The experiences of the bardo are shaped by one&amp;#039;s past karma, and the state is characterized by vivid hallucinations, intense emotions, and encounters with peaceful and wrathful deities. It is considered an important opportunity for liberation, as the mind in the bardo is more flexible and susceptible to spiritual influence, which is the basis for the practice of reading or reciting the Bardo Thodol (Tibetan Book of the Dead) to guide the deceased. The bardo is one of the six realms of existence in the sense that it is a temporary state of being, though it is typically not counted among the six realms of rebirth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20013;&#38512;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#27515;&#20129;&#33287;&#19979;&#19968;&#26399;&#25237;&#29983;&#20043;&#38291;&#30340;&#36942;&#28193;&#38542;&#27573;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#30340;&#23383;&#38754;&#32681;&#28858;&#12300;&#20013;&#38291;&#12301;&#65288;antara \/ bar&#65289;&#33287;&#12300;&#29376;&#24907;&#12301;&#65288;bhava \/ do&#65289;&#12290;&#27492;&#38542;&#27573;&#26368;&#38263;&#21487;&#25345;&#32396;&#22235;&#21313;&#20061;&#22825;&#65292;&#22312;&#27492;&#26399;&#38291;&#20129;&#32773;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;&#24472;&#24458;&#23563;&#27714;&#26032;&#30340;&#25237;&#29983;&#34389;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#30340;&#39636;&#39511;&#30001;&#36942;&#21435;&#30340;&#26989;&#21147;&#25152;&#22609;&#36896;&#65292;&#20854;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#29983;&#21205;&#30340;&#24187;&#35258;&#12289;&#24375;&#28872;&#30340;&#24773;&#32210;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#36935;&#35211;&#23490;&#38748;&#33287;&#24575;&#24594;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#32147;&#39511;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#27231;&#26371;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#20013;&#38512;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;&#36611;&#28858;&#38728;&#27963;&#19988;&#26131;&#21463;&#24515;&#38728;&#24433;&#38911;&#65292;&#27492;&#21363;&#28858;&#35712;&#35494;&#25110;&#32893;&#32862;&#12298;&#20013;&#38512;&#32862;&#25945;&#24471;&#24230;&#12299;&#65288;&#12298;&#35199;&#34255;&#24230;&#20129;&#32147;&#12299;&#65289;&#20197;&#24341;&#23566;&#20129;&#32773;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#26377;&#26178;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#26283;&#26178;&#30340;&#23384;&#22312;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#20294;&#36890;&#24120;&#19981;&#34987;&#21015;&#20837;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bardo\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>bardo<\/span> into the enlightened state of a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Three Kaya Practice<\/h3><p>At the time of death, as the elements of earth, water, fire, and wind dissolve sequentially, one eventually enters the state of the subtlest wind-mind. This state corresponds to the cause for attaining the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>. When entering the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bardo, Intermediate State&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20013;&#38512;, &#20013;&#26377;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (bar do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bar do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Antar&#257;bhava;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The intermediate state is the transitional period between death and the next rebirth, according to Buddhist cosmology. The term literally means &amp;quot;between&amp;quot; (antara \/ bar) and &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; (bhava \/ do). This state is said to last up to forty-nine days, during which the consciousness of the deceased wanders in search of a new place of birth. The experiences of the bardo are shaped by one&amp;#039;s past karma, and the state is characterized by vivid hallucinations, intense emotions, and encounters with peaceful and wrathful deities. It is considered an important opportunity for liberation, as the mind in the bardo is more flexible and susceptible to spiritual influence, which is the basis for the practice of reading or reciting the Bardo Thodol (Tibetan Book of the Dead) to guide the deceased. The bardo is one of the six realms of existence in the sense that it is a temporary state of being, though it is typically not counted among the six realms of rebirth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20013;&#38512;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#27515;&#20129;&#33287;&#19979;&#19968;&#26399;&#25237;&#29983;&#20043;&#38291;&#30340;&#36942;&#28193;&#38542;&#27573;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#30340;&#23383;&#38754;&#32681;&#28858;&#12300;&#20013;&#38291;&#12301;&#65288;antara \/ bar&#65289;&#33287;&#12300;&#29376;&#24907;&#12301;&#65288;bhava \/ do&#65289;&#12290;&#27492;&#38542;&#27573;&#26368;&#38263;&#21487;&#25345;&#32396;&#22235;&#21313;&#20061;&#22825;&#65292;&#22312;&#27492;&#26399;&#38291;&#20129;&#32773;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;&#24472;&#24458;&#23563;&#27714;&#26032;&#30340;&#25237;&#29983;&#34389;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#30340;&#39636;&#39511;&#30001;&#36942;&#21435;&#30340;&#26989;&#21147;&#25152;&#22609;&#36896;&#65292;&#20854;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#29983;&#21205;&#30340;&#24187;&#35258;&#12289;&#24375;&#28872;&#30340;&#24773;&#32210;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#36935;&#35211;&#23490;&#38748;&#33287;&#24575;&#24594;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#32147;&#39511;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#27231;&#26371;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#20013;&#38512;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;&#36611;&#28858;&#38728;&#27963;&#19988;&#26131;&#21463;&#24515;&#38728;&#24433;&#38911;&#65292;&#27492;&#21363;&#28858;&#35712;&#35494;&#25110;&#32893;&#32862;&#12298;&#20013;&#38512;&#32862;&#25945;&#24471;&#24230;&#12299;&#65288;&#12298;&#35199;&#34255;&#24230;&#20129;&#32147;&#12299;&#65289;&#20197;&#24341;&#23566;&#20129;&#32773;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#20013;&#38512;&#26377;&#26178;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#26283;&#26178;&#30340;&#23384;&#22312;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#20294;&#36890;&#24120;&#19981;&#34987;&#21015;&#20837;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#20013;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bardo\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>bardo<\/span> state, one is drawn by the subtlest wind-mind into a phantom-like body, which corresponds to the cause for attaining the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya, Enjoyment body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#12289;&#21463;&#29992;&#36523;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (long ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;longs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;bhogak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Buddhas manifest in Sambhogakaya form so that Bodhisattvas can perceive and receive teachings. It is a subtle, enjoyment body beyond duality, space and time, achieved through accumulated merits and achievements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292; &#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#33769;&#34217;&#32147;&#38263;&#20037;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#22291;&#28415;&#19968;&#20999;&#36039;&#36001;&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#20854;&#31119;&#22577;&#38598;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#65292;&#21487;&#20139;&#21463;&#31278;&#31278;&#31146;&#24709;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sambhogakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sambhogakaya<\/span>. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Tulku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#25033;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31062;&#21476;\/&#31062;&#35997;&#24601;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tul ku), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (trulpe ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sprul sku, sprul pa&amp;#039;i sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirm&#257;&#7751;ak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Emanation body, is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Nirmanakaya is the manifestation (appearance) of enlightenment in the physical world in various forms for the benefits of sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Tibetan word, Tulku, also refers to a reincarnated lama. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Tr&uuml;lku, Trulku.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#28858;&#24230;&#21270;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#39023;&#29694;&#19990;&#38291;&#30340;&#33394;&#36523;&#12289;&#32905;&#36523;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27963;&#20315;(&#31062;&#21476;)&#26159;&#20961;&#22827;&#33021;&#35211;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#21270;&#29694;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tulku\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirmanakaya<\/span> corresponds to the state of being alive as a human. By practicing these three causes, one can achieve the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya, Enjoyment body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#12289;&#21463;&#29992;&#36523;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (long ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;longs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;bhogak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Buddhas manifest in Sambhogakaya form so that Bodhisattvas can perceive and receive teachings. It is a subtle, enjoyment body beyond duality, space and time, achieved through accumulated merits and achievements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292; &#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#33769;&#34217;&#32147;&#38263;&#20037;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#22291;&#28415;&#19968;&#20999;&#36039;&#36001;&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#20854;&#31119;&#22577;&#38598;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#65292;&#21487;&#20139;&#21463;&#31278;&#31278;&#31146;&#24709;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sambhogakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sambhogakaya<\/span>, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Tulku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#25033;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31062;&#21476;\/&#31062;&#35997;&#24601;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tul ku), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4004;&#4018;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (trulpe ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sprul sku, sprul pa&amp;#039;i sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirm&#257;&#7751;ak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirmanakaya, Emanation body, is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Nirmanakaya is the manifestation (appearance) of enlightenment in the physical world in various forms for the benefits of sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Tibetan word, Tulku, also refers to a reincarnated lama. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Tr&uuml;lku, Trulku.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21270;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#28858;&#24230;&#21270;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#39023;&#29694;&#19990;&#38291;&#30340;&#33394;&#36523;&#12289;&#32905;&#36523;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27963;&#20315;(&#31062;&#21476;)&#26159;&#20961;&#22827;&#33021;&#35211;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#21270;&#29694;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tulku\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirmanakaya<\/span>. This is the main essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Practice Differences Between Sutrayana and Tantrayana<\/h3><p>To illustrate the difference in practice methods between the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> and esoteric paths: When encountering situations that provoke anger, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> teachings often counteract this through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;KsantiParamita, Perfection of Patience, Tolerance, Forbearance, Zopa; &#24525;&#36785;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494; (&#32034;&#24052;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3935;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(zo pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bzod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;K&#7779;&#257;ntip&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Perfection of Patience, KsantiParamita is the third of the six perfections practiced by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. It refers to the capacity to remain undisturbed and unperturbed when facing adversity, harm, or difficult circumstances. This perfection involves three distinct aspects: patience in the face of harm from others (remaining calm when subjected to injury or insult), patience in enduring hardships (accepting difficulties in practice and life without resentment), and patience in the profound teachings (maintaining confidence and acceptance of the deep truths of emptiness and dependent origination). Patience is considered a crucial antidote to anger, which is regarded as the most destructive of all mental defilements because it can destroy the merit accumulated over long periods of practice. Through the cultivation of patience, the bodhisattva develops resilience, deepens compassion, and creates the conditions for the successful completion of all other perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24525;&#36785;\/&#23433;&#24525;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#20845;&#24230;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#19977;&#24230;&#65292;&#25351;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#38754;&#23565;&#36870;&#22659;&#12289;&#20663;&#23475;&#25110;&#22256;&#38627;&#26178;&#65292;&#33021;&#20445;&#25345;&#20839;&#24515;&#24179;&#38748;&#12289;&#19981;&#28858;&#25152;&#21205;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#20462;&#25345;&#12290;&#27492;&#24230;&#28085;&#33995;&#19977;&#20491;&#38754;&#21521;&#65306;&#32784;&#24616;&#23475;&#24525;&#65288;&#36973;&#21463;&#20182;&#20154;&#20663;&#23475;&#25110;&#20398;&#36785;&#26178;&#19981;&#29983;&#30603;&#24680;&#65289;&#12289;&#23433;&#21463;&#33510;&#24525;&#65288;&#20462;&#34892;&#33287;&#29983;&#27963;&#20013;&#30340;&#33393;&#38627;&#22256;&#33510;&#22374;&#28982;&#25509;&#21463;&#32780;&#19981;&#36864;&#36681;&#65289;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#35558;&#23519;&#27861;&#24525;&#65288;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#33287;&#32227;&#36215;&#31561;&#29978;&#28145;&#27861;&#32681;&#22533;&#20449;&#19981;&#31227;&#65289;&#12290;&#23433;&#24525;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#23565;&#27835;&#30603;&#24680;&#30340;&#38364;&#37749;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#32780;&#30603;&#24680;&#34987;&#35469;&#28858;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#20013;&#26368;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#21147;&#32773;&#65292;&#22240;&#20854;&#33021;&#25703;&#27584;&#38263;&#21163;&#20462;&#34892;&#25152;&#31309;&#32047;&#30340;&#21892;&#26681;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#23433;&#24525;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#33021;&#22521;&#39178;&#22533;&#38860;&#30340;&#24515;&#24615;&#12289;&#28145;&#21270;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#20006;&#28858;&#22291;&#28415;&#20854;&#39192;&#35576;&#24230;&#21109;&#36896;&#24517;&#35201;&#30340;&#26781;&#20214;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ksantiparamita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">patience<\/span>. However, in the tantric path, there are highly skillful methods for dealing with anger. The tantric teachings recognize that the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, and ignorance stem from conceptual thought, which is closely related to the winds (energies) of the body. Since the mind rides upon the winds, the practices of the generation and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>s guide these winds into the luminous state, thereby countering the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, and ignorance. This is one key difference in practice methods between the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutrayana, Exoteric Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;, &#39023;&#23447;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22810;&#29305;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(do teg pa);&nbsp; Wylie: mdo theg pa; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;S&#363;tray&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutrayana is the vehicle of the Sutras, a Mahayana Buddhism tradition that encompasses the exoteric teachings found in the sutras, in contrast with Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39023;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19968;&#20491;&#37325;&#35201;&#20659;&#25215;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20381;&#25818;&#32147;&#20856;&#38263;&#26399;&#20462;&#34892; (&#23565;&#27604;&#23494;&#20056;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sutrayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>exoteric<\/span> and esoteric paths.<\/p><h3>Generation Stage Practice<\/h3><p>When practicing the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span>, the visualization is divided into two aspects: &laquo;&nbsp;dependent&nbsp;&raquo; and &laquo;&nbsp;support.&nbsp;&raquo; The &laquo;&nbsp;dependent&nbsp;&raquo; aspect refers to visualizing oneself as the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span> and the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Retinue, Companion, Assembly, Sphere, Circle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30519;&#23660;, &#38568;&#24478;, &#21516;&#20276;, &#29699;&#39636;, &#22291;&#22280;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25844;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Par&#7779;ad&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/retinue-3\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>retinue<\/span> within the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>mandala<\/span>. The &laquo;&nbsp;support&nbsp;&raquo; aspect refers to the infinite <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Protector&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35703;&#27861;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/pala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>pala<\/span>ce of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>mandala<\/span>. Initially, one begins with a coarse visualization, imagining the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Retinue, Companion, Assembly, Sphere, Circle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30519;&#23660;, &#38568;&#24478;, &#21516;&#20276;, &#29699;&#39636;, &#22291;&#22280;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25844;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Par&#7779;ad&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/retinue-3\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>retinue<\/span>, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mandala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#22727;&#22478;, &#26364;&#36948; (&#34067;&#33660;&#32645;, &#26364;&#38464;&#32645;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kyilkhor), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3918;&#3996;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (mandala); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dkyil &amp;#039;khor, maN+Dal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma&#7751;&#7693;ala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mandala is a Sanskrit word meaning circle.&nbsp; Mandala has many spiritual and ritual meaning in religions including Hinduism and Buddhism.&nbsp; It has symbolic meanings representing the universe, a world system or enlightened mind.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22727;&#22478;\/&#26364;&#33660;&#32645;&#21407;&#32681;&#28858;&#22291;&#24418;&#65292;&#26159;&#22810;&#23447;&#25945;&#25551;&#36848;&#25110;&#20195;&#34920;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#20854;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23431;&#23449;&#27169;&#22411;&#12289;&#21547;&#24847;&#25110;&#30495;&#23526;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mandala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>mandala<\/span>. Then, one progresses to a more detailed visualization, clearly envisioning the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span>&rsquo;s eyes, limbs, and other features.<\/p><p>Finally, one transitions to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>. During the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>, various experiences arise, all aimed at helping the practitioner transcend ordinary clinging. When the practitioner <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span>s themselves as the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span>, they cultivate divine pride (the sense of being the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span> and their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Retinue, Companion, Assembly, Sphere, Circle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30519;&#23660;, &#38568;&#24478;, &#21516;&#20276;, &#29699;&#39636;, &#22291;&#22280;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25844;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Par&#7779;ad&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/retinue-3\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>retinue<\/span>), combined with clarity and luminosity (&laquo;&nbsp;clear appearance&nbsp;&raquo;). These two are practiced in union, inseparably, to transcend mundane self-clinging. This is the ultimate result of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Completion Stage<\/h3><p>When transitioning from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span> to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>, one must transcend ordinary self-clinging. In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>, there are three types of separation: separation of the body, separation of speech, and separation of mind.<\/p><h3>Body Separation<\/h3><p>&laquo;&nbsp;Body separation&nbsp;&raquo; occurs at the end of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span> and the beginning of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>. Through the practice of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span>, the winds (energies) enter and stabilize within the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Central channel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20013;&#33032; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25830;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#28879;&#29802;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4009;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tsa u ma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rtsa dbu ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avadhuti&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Central channel, Avadhuti, is the subtle vertical body energy channel running slightly in front of the spine. Together with the left and right channels, they are the principle paths for wind energy flow for tantric practices.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#20013;&#33032;&#26159;&#36523;&#39636;&#33034;&#26894;&#21069;&#30340;&#32048;&#24494;&#27683;&#33032;&#65292;&#24038;&#12289;&#20013;&#12289;&#21491;&#33032;&#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#19977;&#26781;&#20027;&#35201;&#27683;&#33032;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/central-channel\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">central channel<\/span>, undergoing various processes of dissolution. Eventually, innate wisdom arises. This innate wisdom enables us to transcend <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to the ordinary five <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five Aggregates&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#20116;&#34314;: &#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672; (&#26379;&#27874;&#32013;);&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (pung po nga); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po lnga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pancaskandha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Five aggregates are the basic transformations that perceptions undergo when an object is perceived. They are the mental factors that are the basis of self grasping:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#12300;&#22534;&#12301;&#65292;&#30070;&#19968;&#20491;&#23565;&#22659;&#34987;&#24863;&#30693;&#26178;&#65292;&#35469;&#30693;&#32147;&#27511;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#36681;&#35722;&#12290;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;forms of physical phenomena (rupa) &#33394;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sensation (vedana) &#21463;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;perception (samjna) &#24819;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;formations (samskara) &#34892;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;primary consciousness (vijnana) &#35672;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/aggregate-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aggregate<\/span>s (form, feeling, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perception; &#24819;&#34314;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(du she); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;du shes&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Samjna;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samjna means perception. It is one of the five aggregates and five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24819;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/perception\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perception<\/span>, mental formations, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>), six sense faculties (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, mind), and six sense objects (sights, sounds, smells, tastes, tactile <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sensation;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21463;&#34314;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3930;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tsorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vedana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vedana (sensation, feeling) is one of the Five aggregates, one of Five ever-present mental states and one of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a person with arrow in the eye.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21463;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19971;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;, &#26681;&#12289;&#22659;&#12289;&#35672;&#19977;&#32773;&#38283;&#22987;&#29986;&#29983;&#20316;&#29992;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#31661;&#23556;&#20837;&#30524;&#30555;&#21947;&#35498;&#35320;&#29986;&#29983;&#24375;&#28872;&#30340;&#35258;&#21463;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sensation\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sensation<\/span>s, mental objects). We then enter a state of divine pride and clear appearance. This marks the end of body separation in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Generation Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kye rim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bskyed rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;utpattikrama;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Generation stage is the first stage (follow by completion stage) of a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner uses visualization to generate oneself in the form of yidam.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&nbsp;(&#31532;&#20108;&#26159;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#30519;&#23660;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#31561;&#65292;&#35657;&#24735;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#28165;&#28136;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/generation-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">generation stage<\/span> and the beginning of body separation in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Speech Separation<\/h3><p>After transcending <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to the five <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five Aggregates&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#20116;&#34314;: &#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672; (&#26379;&#27874;&#32013;);&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (pung po nga); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po lnga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pancaskandha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Five aggregates are the basic transformations that perceptions undergo when an object is perceived. They are the mental factors that are the basis of self grasping:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#12300;&#22534;&#12301;&#65292;&#30070;&#19968;&#20491;&#23565;&#22659;&#34987;&#24863;&#30693;&#26178;&#65292;&#35469;&#30693;&#32147;&#27511;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#36681;&#35722;&#12290;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;forms of physical phenomena (rupa) &#33394;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sensation (vedana) &#21463;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;perception (samjna) &#24819;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;formations (samskara) &#34892;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;primary consciousness (vijnana) &#35672;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/aggregate-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aggregate<\/span>s, six sense faculties, and six sense objects, we proceed to use <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra Recitation; &#37329;&#21083;&#35494;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#21513; &#36845;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3935;&#4019;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (dorje depa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje&amp;#039;i bzlas pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vajra Recitation is the recitation of mantras synchronized with the inhaling, retention and exhaling of the breath.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra-recitation\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vajra recitation<\/span>&mdash;OM, AH, HUNG&mdash;to relax the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Chakra, Wheel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;, &#33032;&#36650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#31185;&#27931;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kor lo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor lo&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Chakra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakra means wheel. Chakras are the points along the central channels (forehead, throat, heart ... etc.) where energy concentrate.&nbsp; There are also minor chakras (more than 80,000 by some counts) throughout the subtle body.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33032;&#36650;&#26159;&#20301;&#26044;&#20013;&#33032;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#31348;&#20301; (&#30473;&#24515;&#12289;&#21897;&#38291;&#12289;&#24515;&#38291;&#31561;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/chakra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>chakra<\/span>s along the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Central channel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20013;&#33032; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25830;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#28879;&#29802;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4009;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tsa u ma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rtsa dbu ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avadhuti&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Central channel, Avadhuti, is the subtle vertical body energy channel running slightly in front of the spine. Together with the left and right channels, they are the principle paths for wind energy flow for tantric practices.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#20013;&#33032;&#26159;&#36523;&#39636;&#33034;&#26894;&#21069;&#30340;&#32048;&#24494;&#27683;&#33032;&#65292;&#24038;&#12289;&#20013;&#12289;&#21491;&#33032;&#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#19977;&#26781;&#20027;&#35201;&#27683;&#33032;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/central-channel\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">central channel<\/span>, allowing the winds to flow through it. At this point, the recited <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong style=&amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>mantra<\/span> merges with the subtlest breath, enabling us to transcend ordinary clinging to language and reach the state of &laquo;&nbsp;speech separation.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><h3>Mind Separation<\/h3><p>After reaching the state of speech separation in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>, practitioners continue using inner <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra Recitation; &#37329;&#21083;&#35494;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#21513; &#36845;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3935;&#4019;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (dorje depa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje&amp;#039;i bzlas pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vajra Recitation is the recitation of mantras synchronized with the inhaling, retention and exhaling of the breath.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra-recitation\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vajra recitation<\/span> and outer <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Seal, Mudra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21360;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25163;&#21360;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#27965;&#21152;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#4017;&#3906;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chakgya); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phyag rgya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mudr&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mudra means seal. It is a symbolic hand and finger spiritual gesture or pose used in Buddhist ritual or dance. Buddhas and deities are often depicted with his hands in the meditation, teaching or other mudras. In Vajrayana, mudras extend to the various parts of the entire body to interact with Tantric deities. In etymological terms, &amp;quot;mu&amp;quot; means wisdom of emptiness and &amp;quot;dra&amp;quot; means freedom from samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25163;&#21360;&#26159;&#29992;&#25163;&#25850;&#25104;&#29305;&#23450;&#30340;&#23039;&#21218;&#65292;&#35937;&#24501;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#32681;&#25110;&#29702;&#24565;&#65292;&#20315;&#38464;&#24120;&#39023;&#31034;&#32080;&#23450;&#21360;&#25110;&#35498;&#27861;&#21360;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#25163;&#21360;&#25844;&#22823;&#21040;&#28085;&#33995;&#20840;&#36523;&#33287;&#26412;&#23562;&#20114;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mudra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>mudra<\/span>s to relax the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Chakra, Wheel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;, &#33032;&#36650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#31185;&#27931;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (kor lo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor lo&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Chakra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakra means wheel. Chakras are the points along the central channels (forehead, throat, heart ... etc.) where energy concentrate.&nbsp; There are also minor chakras (more than 80,000 by some counts) throughout the subtle body.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33032;&#36650;&#26159;&#20301;&#26044;&#20013;&#33032;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#31348;&#20301; (&#30473;&#24515;&#12289;&#21897;&#38291;&#12289;&#24515;&#38291;&#31561;)&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/chakra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>chakra<\/span> at the heart center, allowing the winds to flow into the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Central channel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20013;&#33032; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25830;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#28879;&#29802;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4009;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tsa u ma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rtsa dbu ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avadhuti&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Central channel, Avadhuti, is the subtle vertical body energy channel running slightly in front of the spine. Together with the left and right channels, they are the principle paths for wind energy flow for tantric practices.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#20013;&#33032;&#26159;&#36523;&#39636;&#33034;&#26894;&#21069;&#30340;&#32048;&#24494;&#27683;&#33032;&#65292;&#24038;&#12289;&#20013;&#12289;&#21491;&#33032;&#26159;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#19977;&#26781;&#20027;&#35201;&#27683;&#33032;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/central-channel\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">central channel<\/span> and enter the heart. At this point, an innate wisdom of conceptual clarity arises. This state is free from all scattered or confused thoughts and is characterized by luminosity, referred to as &laquo;&nbsp;illustrative luminosity.&nbsp;&raquo; However, illustrative luminosity is not the ultimate or true luminosity but rather a metaphorical explanation of its nature. When illustrative luminosity arises, one has reached the state of &laquo;&nbsp;mind separation.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p><h3>Non-Learning Path<\/h3><p>The subtlest life-force consists of wind (energy) and mind, with wind as the cause and mind as the accompanying condition. The body that manifests from this is called the &laquo;&nbsp;illusory body,&nbsp;&raquo; which is impure before we attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. Prior to achieving <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi \/ Perfect Enlightenment \/ Complete Perfect Awakening \/ Unsurpassable Enlightened One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27491;&#36941;&#30693;\/&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yang-dak-p&eacute; chang-chub); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: yang dag pa&amp;#039;i byang chub; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SamyakSambuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi, Perfect enlightenment, is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha. It refers to the highest, unsurpassed state of awakening attained by a buddha. The term literally means &amp;quot;correct, complete awakening,&amp;quot; indicating that this state is fully accurate and all-encompassing. It is the direct and perfect realization of the nature of all phenomena as empty of inherent existence, combined with the complete eradication of all defilements and the perfection of all excellent qualities. This awakening is distinguished from the partial realization of a hearer or solitary realizer, as it includes both the wisdom of emptiness and the great compassion that spontaneously works for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term is often expanded to &amp;quot;unsurpassed perfect enlightenment,&amp;quot; which emphasizes that there is no higher or more complete state of awakening beyond this.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#25152;&#35657;&#24471;&#30340;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#12289;&#26368;&#22291;&#28415;&#20043;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35258;&#24735;&#20013;&#26368;&#28858;&#27491;&#30906;&#32780;&#21608;&#36941;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#27491;&#31561;&#12301;&#65307;&#20854;&#26368;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#12289;&#28961;&#26377;&#26356;&#19978;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#35258;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22659;&#30028;&#21253;&#21547;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#28961;&#33258;&#24615;&#20043;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#29694;&#35657;&#65292;&#24505;&#24213;&#26039;&#30433;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#38556;&#33287;&#25152;&#30693;&#38556;&#65292;&#20006;&#22291;&#28415;&#25104;&#23601;&#19968;&#20999;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#32882;&#32862;&#32227;&#35258;&#20043;&#20559;&#31354;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20035;&#21516;&#26178;&#20855;&#36275;&#24754;&#26234;&#38617;&#36939;&#20043;&#22291;&#28415;&#26524;&#20301;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#24460;&#33021;&#20219;&#36939;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samyak-sambuddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perfect enlightenment<\/span>, defilements still exist, and the illusory body that manifests is a mundane illusory body, not the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya, Enjoyment body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#12289;&#21463;&#29992;&#36523;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (long ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;longs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;bhogak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sambhogakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. Buddhas manifest in Sambhogakaya form so that Bodhisattvas can perceive and receive teachings. It is a subtle, enjoyment body beyond duality, space and time, achieved through accumulated merits and achievements.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#22577;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292; &#26159;&#35576;&#20315;&#33769;&#34217;&#32147;&#38263;&#20037;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#22291;&#28415;&#19968;&#20999;&#36039;&#36001;&#20043;&#24460;&#65292;&#20854;&#31119;&#22577;&#38598;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#33394;&#36523;&#65292;&#21487;&#20139;&#21463;&#31278;&#31278;&#31146;&#24709;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/sambhogakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sambhogakaya<\/span>. By attaining the mundane illusory body and continuing to practice the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>, one undergoes various processes of absorption, eventually attaining &laquo;&nbsp;true luminosity.&nbsp;&raquo; After this true luminosity arises, one continuously eliminates <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s, karmic obscurations, and cognitive obscurations. Finally, through this true luminosity, a perfectly pure illusory body arises. The union of true luminosity and the pure illusory body constitutes the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Resultant or Fruition Vehicle; &#26524;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36889;&#24067;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(drebu ); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;bras bu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Resultant vehicle emphasizes union of the wisdom of emptiness (prajna) and the skillful means of great bliss.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26524;&#20056;&#26159;&#26234;&#24935;&#31354;&#24615;&#21450;&#22823;&#27138;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#38617;&#36939;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/fruition-vehicle\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>fruition<\/span> of the &laquo;&nbsp;non-learning path.&nbsp;&raquo; This is the ultimate attainment resulting from practicing both the generation and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>s of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Proper Practice of Tantra<\/h3><p>Based on the above, practitioners aspiring to study and practice <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span> must have a correct understanding of its content, the structure of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stages of the path, Lamrim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532; (&#26391;&#26519;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(lamrim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lamrim (stages of the path) is a Tibetan Buddhist teaching for the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha. Atisa wrote the first root text, &amp;quot;A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment&amp;quot;. Many Tibetan masters wrote many versions including Tsongkhapa&amp;#039;s masterpiece &amp;quot;Lamrim Chenmo&amp;quot; (The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path of Enlightenment).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26681;&#25818;&#19981;&#21516;&#20154;&#36039;&#36074;&#26681;&#22120;&#19981;&#21516;&#65292;&#23559;&#20462;&#23416;&#21123;&#20998;&#28858;&#25976;&#20491;&#19981;&#21516;&#38542;&#27573;&#30340;&#36947;&#36335;&#25152;&#23531;&#25104;&#30340;&#20462;&#27861;&#26360;&#31821;&#12290;&#26368;&#26089;&#20986;&#29694;&#30340;&#33879;&#20316;&#26159;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#30340;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#24291;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;zh-CN&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20197;&#19979;&#28858;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#32147;&#26360; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;The following is a list of the most important Lamrim texts : ....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lamrim\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stages of the path<\/span>, and the various possible experiences that may arise. If one practices without thorough comprehension, it is easy to fall into erroneous views, which is deeply <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Regret \/ Remorse \/ Worry \/ Anxiety; &#24460;&#24724; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35258;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3906;&#4017;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(gyod pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;gyod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Kaukritya;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Regret is a destructive mental factor defined as a state of worry or anxiety over past actions, whether virtuous, non-virtuous, or neutral. In the Abhidharma tradition, it is classified as one of the twenty subsidiary destructive emotions, though it can also be classified as an indeterminate mental factor when it is based on regret over having committed a non-virtuous act. Its characteristic is remorse, and its function is to disturb the mind, preventing it from resting in peace. Regret is closely related to doubt and often arises together with it. It is one of the five hindrances to meditation when it arises as a hindrance to mental stability, causing the mind to look back with dissatisfaction. While regret over non-virtuous actions can be a basis for purification, excessive or unwholesome regret over virtuous actions is considered a fault. The antidote to unwholesome regret is the recognition of the value of one&amp;#039;s virtuous actions and the cultivation of equanimity.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24801;&#20316;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#36942;&#21435;&#24050;&#20316;&#20043;&#20107;&#65288;&#19981;&#35542;&#21892;&#12289;&#19981;&#21892;&#25110;&#28961;&#35352;&#65289;&#29983;&#36215;&#24962;&#24817;&#25110;&#36861;&#24724;&#12290;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#24801;&#20316;&#34987;&#27512;&#39006;&#28858;&#20108;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20294;&#30070;&#20854;&#28858;&#23565;&#25152;&#20316;&#19981;&#21892;&#20043;&#36861;&#24724;&#26178;&#65292;&#20134;&#21487;&#27512;&#28858;&#22235;&#19981;&#23450;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#36861;&#24724;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#25854;&#20098;&#33258;&#24515;&#65292;&#20351;&#20854;&#28961;&#27861;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#24179;&#38748;&#12290;&#24801;&#20316;&#33287;&#30097;&#23494;&#20999;&#30456;&#38364;&#65292;&#24120;&#33287;&#30097;&#21516;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#12290;&#30070;&#24801;&#20316;&#20316;&#28858;&#31146;&#23450;&#20043;&#38556;&#31001;&#26178;&#65292;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20116;&#33995;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22240;&#20854;&#20196;&#24515;&#22238;&#39015;&#36942;&#21435;&#32780;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#12290;&#38614;&#28982;&#23565;&#19981;&#21892;&#34892;&#30340;&#36861;&#24724;&#21487;&#20316;&#28858;&#28136;&#21270;&#20043;&#22522;&#30990;&#65292;&#20294;&#23565;&#21892;&#34892;&#36942;&#24230;&#30340;&#36861;&#24724;&#21063;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#36942;&#22833;&#12290;&#23565;&#27835;&#19981;&#21892;&#24801;&#20316;&#30340;&#26041;&#27861;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#21892;&#34892;&#20043;&#20729;&#20540;&#20006;&#22521;&#39178;&#24179;&#31561;&#25448;&#24515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/kaukritya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>regret<\/span>table.<\/p><h3>Meanings of Buddha Statues, Thangkas, and Artifacts<\/h3><p>The preceding explanation provided a concise overview of the content and structure of the tantric path. Below, we will briefly introduce the appearances and deeper meanings of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> statues, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Thangka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21776;&#21345;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3908;&#3851;&#3904;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (thang ka); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thang ka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Thangka is a traditional Tibetan painting of a Buddha, deity, great Buddhist practitioner or mandala. It is usually sewn into a textile mounting and used as religious contemplation and visualization object.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21776;&#21345;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#30059;&#22312;&#24067;&#24148;&#25110;&#32025;&#19978;&#30340;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30059;&#20687;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/thangka\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>thangka<\/span>s, and artifacts displayed in this Tibetan Buddhist art exhibition.<\/p><h3>The Buddha&rsquo;s Skillful Means<\/h3><p>To guide <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> into the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span> and ultimately attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> employed various methods to benefit different types of beings.<\/p><ul><li>For those with little desire, he taught the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Hinayana<\/span> path.<\/li><li>For those who could understand and practice the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Paramita<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> path&mdash;cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> practices for the benefit of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>&mdash;he taught the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> path.<\/li><li>For those who needed to approach the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span> through specific forms or who had strong desires, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> taught the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> path, enabling them to enter the profound essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span> and achieve ultimate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul><p>This is how the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> manifested in various forms to guide beings of different capacities into the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>.<\/p><h3>How Three Vehicles Address Afflictions<\/h3><ul><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Hinayana<\/span> practitioners immediately counteract and eliminate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, and ignorance when they arise.<\/li><li>Practitioners of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perfection, Paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#33509;&#26460; &#27453;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3851;&#3938;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(pha rol tu chin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pha rol tu phyin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;p&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramita means perfection, reaching the other side, transcending concepts of subject, object and action;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;\/&#23494; &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#21040;&#28037;&#27075;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#24444;&#23736;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/paramita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Paramita<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> path do not immediately counteract <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s but instead transform them into the path of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span>.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> practitioners go even further by utilizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s within the state of non-dual bliss and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>, using the extraordinary power of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span> to genuinely counteract the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations that perpetuate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span>, thereby attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood.<\/li><\/ul><h3>The Conditions for Encountering the Buddha<\/h3><p>The key to encountering the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> does not depend on whether the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> physically appears before us but rather on whether the conditions, merit, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Blessing, Initiation,&nbsp; Adhishthana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &#21152;&#25345;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chinlap), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3906;&#4017;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#4019;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jin gyi lab pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byin brlabs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit:&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Adhi&#7779;&#7789;h&#257;na \/ Adhishthana &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\/ &#38463;&#22320;&#29791;&#21522;&#37027; = &amp;quot;standing over&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;taking possession&amp;quot; = &#23621;&#20854;&#19978;&#32780;&#20303; \/ &#21152;&#25345; \/ &#25885;&#21463;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;adhi- \/ &#38463;&#22320; = &amp;quot;over&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;above&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;upon&amp;quot; = &#19978; \/ &#26044;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#7779;&#7789;h&#257;na (from &radic;sth&#257; = to stand) \/ &#29791;&#21522;&#37027; = &amp;quot;standing&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;abiding&amp;quot; = &#31435; \/ &#20303;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nAdhishthana, blessing is a transformative power, especially associated with Buddhas, which is used miraculously to transmute or manifest phenomena. In the Buddhist context, it is the name for blessings, initiations, or inspiration that a practitioner may receive from a Buddha, bodhisattva, or guru. The term conveys the idea of &amp;quot;standing over&amp;quot; and implies taking possession, dwelling within, presence, protection, and sovereignty. In Vajrayana Buddhism, these blessings are an important part of the esoteric transmission received from the guru and lineage.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21152;&#25345;&#26159;&#33287;&#35576;&#20315;&#30456;&#38364;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#36681;&#21270;&#21147;&#37327;&#65292;&#33021;&#19981;&#21487;&#24605;&#35696;&#22320;&#36681;&#35722;&#25110;&#39023;&#29694;&#21508;&#31278;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#25351;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24478;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#34389;&#29554;&#24471;&#30340;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#28748;&#38914;&#25110;&#38728;&#24863;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#21547;&#26377;&#12300;&#23621;&#26044;&#20854;&#19978;&#12301;&#20043;&#24847;&#65292;&#20006;&#34920;&#36948;&#20102;&#25885;&#21463;&#12289;&#23433;&#20303;&#12289;&#22312;&#22580;&#12289;&#20445;&#35703;&#33287;&#20027;&#27402;&#31561;&#27010;&#24565;&#12290;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#26159;&#24478;&#19978;&#24107;&#33287;&#20659;&#25215;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#37325;&#35201;&#31192;&#23494;&#20659;&#25480;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/adhishthana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>blessing<\/span>s accumulated in our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>s have ripened. When the conditions are ripe, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> will manifest in various forms corresponding to the diverse capacities and affinities of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, appearing before those with karmic connections in order to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Liberate \/ Free \/ Release; &#35299;&#33067;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dr&ouml;l-wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mocana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To liberate is the act of freeing sentient beings from the bonds of cyclic existence, particularly from the causes of suffering such as ignorance, craving, and karmic formations. In the Buddhist context, liberation is both the process and the result of the path&mdash;it is the removal of obscurations that veil the true nature of mind, leading to the realization of emptiness and the cessation of suffering. Liberation is the ultimate goal of all Buddhist traditions. In the Mahayana, it encompasses both the personal freedom from suffering and the compassionate commitment to liberate all other beings from the cycle of birth and death.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26463;&#32283;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#33258;&#30001;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31561;&#33510;&#22240;&#20013;&#37323;&#25918;&#20986;&#20358;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#26082;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#36942;&#31243;&#65292;&#20063;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#32080;&#26524;&mdash;&mdash;&#36879;&#36942;&#21435;&#38500;&#35206;&#34109;&#24515;&#24615;&#26412;&#36074;&#30340;&#23458;&#22645;&#29033;&#24817;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#20006;&#27490;&#24687;&#19968;&#20999;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19968;&#20999;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#27861;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#21516;&#26178;&#28085;&#33995;&#20491;&#20154;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20197;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#25215;&#35582;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#24291;&#22823;&#39000;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/liberate\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>liberate<\/span> them&mdash;not limited to the form of a monk wearing robes.<\/p><h3>The Symbolism of Deity Forms<\/h3><p>To guide <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> of varying capacities, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> manifests in numerous forms. For example, some deities hold a skull cup filled with blood in their left hand and a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Curved Knife; &#37476;&#20992;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24190;&#21653;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (dri kouk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gri gug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">curved knife<\/span> in their right hand. The skull symbolizes the source of innate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Great bliss, Dechen, Mahasukha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#27138;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#33288;\/&#24503;&#24950;\/&#24503;&#27453;\/&#24503;&#21315;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Dechen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bde chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mah&#257;sukha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dechen is a common Tibetan name meaning great bliss.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24503;&#33288; \/ &#24503;&#24950; \/ &#24503;&#27453; \/ &#24503;&#21315;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#22823;&#27138;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">great bliss<\/span>, as it contains the essence of life (such as sperm). The blood represents the nature of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>. Thus, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span> continuously drinking from the skull cup signifies that the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span> abides in the non-dual state of bliss and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>, reminding <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> practitioners to maintain this state. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Curved Knife; &#37476;&#20992;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24190;&#21653;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (dri kouk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gri gug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">curved knife<\/span> in the right hand symbolizes the cutting of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations that cause <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> to cycle endlessly through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>samsara<\/span>. It does not imply killing enemies or drinking their blood, as some mistakenly assume.<\/p><p>Deities often wear a crown made of skulls, which is pure and unstained by blood or impurities. This symbolizes that if ordinary beings&rsquo; defiled <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five Aggregates&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#20116;&#34314;: &#33394;&#21463;&#24819;&#34892;&#35672; (&#26379;&#27874;&#32013;);&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3925;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (pung po nga); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phung po lnga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pancaskandha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Five aggregates are the basic transformations that perceptions undergo when an object is perceived. They are the mental factors that are the basis of self grasping:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34314;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#12300;&#22534;&#12301;&#65292;&#30070;&#19968;&#20491;&#23565;&#22659;&#34987;&#24863;&#30693;&#26178;&#65292;&#35469;&#30693;&#32147;&#27511;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#36681;&#35722;&#12290;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;forms of physical phenomena (rupa) &#33394;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sensation (vedana) &#21463;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;perception (samjna) &#24819;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;formations (samskara) &#34892;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;primary consciousness (vijnana) &#35672;&#34314;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/aggregate-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aggregate<\/span>s (form, feeling, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Perception; &#24819;&#34314;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(du she); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;du shes&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Samjna;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samjna means perception. It is one of the five aggregates and five ever-present mental states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24819;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/perception\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perception<\/span>, mental formations, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>) are purified, they can be transformed into the five perfect wisdoms of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Five Tathagatas; &#20116;&#26041;&#20315;, &#20116;&#26234;&#22914;&#20358;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(gyalwa riknga); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyal ba rigs lnga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Five Tathagatas, Five Dhyani Buddhas, are the set of five Buddhas representing the five aspects of an enlightened being: Center Akshobhya, East Vairochana, South Ratnasambhava, West Amitabha and North Amoghasiddhi.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20116;&#26041;&#20315;: &#20013;&#22830;&#30340;&#38463;&#38310;&#20315; &#12289;&#26481;&#26041;&#27607;&#30439;&#36974;&#37027;&#20315;&#12289;&#35199;&#26041;&#38463;&#24396;&#38464;&#20315;&#12289;&#21335;&#26041;&#23542;&#29983;&#20315;&#12289;&#21271;&#26041;&#19981;&#31354;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/five-tathagatas\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Five Dhyani Buddhas<\/span>:<\/p><ul><li>West, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Padma, Lotus flower; &#34030;&#33457;, &#34030;&#33775; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#29677;&#29802;\/&#35997;&#29802;\/&#35997;&#32654;\/&#35997;&#25705;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3924;&#3921;&#4008;,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3924;&#3921;&#3851;&#3928;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &#3924;&#3921;&#4008;&#3942;, &#3924;&#3921;&#4008;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (padma\/pema\/peme\/pamai\/padmo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pad+ma, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pad ma, pad+mas, pad+mo&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Padma;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lotus flower, one of eight auspicious signs, represents purity floating above mud and water. Padma, Pema is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34030;&#33457;&#26159;&#20843;&#21513;&#31077;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#34030;&#33457;&#29983;&#26044;&#28132;&#27877;&#32780;&#28500;&#28136;&#19981;&#26579;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#30526;&#29983;&#26412;&#20855;&#20043;&#28165;&#28136;&#24515;&#12290;&#20063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#24904;&#24754;&#33674;&#22196;&#12290;&#29677;&#29802; \/ &#35997;&#29802; \/ &#35997;&#32654; \/ &#35997;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/padma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Padma<\/span> family, Red <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amitabha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24396;&#38464;&#20315;, &#28961;&#37327;&#20809;&#20315;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#25105;&#24052;&#32654;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3906;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (opakme);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;od dpag med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amitabha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Amitabha, unmeasured splendour or infinite light, is one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, with colour red in west direction, belonging to the lotus family, representing:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;speech&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;purification of aggregate of distinguishing recognition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;fire element&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;nose consciousness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;deep awareness of individualities&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;His consort is Pandaravasini.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#38463;&#24396;&#38464;&#20315;&#24847;&#28858;&#12300;&#28961;&#37327;&#20809;&#20315;&#12301;&#65292;&#28858;&#35199;&#26041;&#26997;&#27138;&#19990;&#30028;&#25945;&#20027;, &#26159;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#20043;&#24565;&#20315;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#28858;&#23494;&#23447;&#20116;&#26041;&#20315;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#36523;&#32005;&#33394;&#65292;&#28858;&#34030;&#33457;&#37096;&#20027;&#65292;&#20027;&#24179;&#31561;&#24615;&#26234;:&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/amitabha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Amitabha<\/span>, Discriminating Wisdom<\/li><li>East, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span> family, Blue <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vairochana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#26085;&#22914;&#20358;, &#27608;&#30439;&#36974;&#37027;&#20315;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3942;&#4003;&#3908;&#3851;&#3928;&#3931;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar nangdze)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par snang mdzad; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vairochana;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vairochana is the chief buddha of the five Dhyani Buddhas, with colour white in center (east direction in the Guhyasamaja mandala), belonging to the Tathagata family, representing:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;body&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;purification of the aggregate of forms of physical phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;earth element&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;eye consciousness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;deep awareness of the sphere of reality (dharmadhatu)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nHis consort is white tara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27608;&#30439;&#36974;&#37027;&#20315; \/ &#27607;&#30439;&#36974;&#37027;&#20315; &#26159;&#20013;&#26041;&#22914;&#26469;&#37096;&#30340;&#22577;&#36523;&#20315;&#65292;&#28858;&#23494;&#23447;&#20116;&#26041;&#20315;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#36523;&#30333;&#33394;&#65292;&#20027;&#27861;&#30028;&#39636;&#24615;&#26234;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/vairochana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vairochana<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mirror like wisdom, Adarsajnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#22291;&#37857;&#26234;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3962;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3939;&#3999;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3937;&#3962;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (melong tab&uuml; yeshe); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;me long lta bu&amp;#039;i ye shes&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Adarsajnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mirror like wisdom, one of the five wisdoms, represented by Ak&#7779;obhya in the east, reflects all phenomena of samsara and nirvana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#22291;&#37857;&#26234;&#26159;&#20116;&#26234;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22914;&#37857;&#39023;&#31034;&#30526;&#29983;&#35576;&#21892;&#24801;&#26989;&#22240;&#32227;&#65292;&#30001;&#26481;&#26041;&#38463;&#38310;&#20315;&#35937;&#24501;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/adarsajnana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mirror like Wisdom<\/span><\/li><li>North, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Karma<\/span> family, Green <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amoghasiddhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25104;&#23601;&#22914;&#20358;, &#19981;&#31354;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3921;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3937;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Donyo Drubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;don yod grub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amoghasiddhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Sanskrit, Amoghasiddhi means accomplishing what Is Meaningful. Amoghasiddhi is one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, with colour green in north direction, holding sword, belonging to the karma family, representing:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;actions&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;purification of aggregate of other affecting karmic variables&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;wind element&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;tongue consciousness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;accomplishing deep awareness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nHis consort is tara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981;&#31354;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#21271;&#26041;&#32687;&#30952;&#37096;&#30340;&#22577;&#36523;&#20315;&#65292;&#28858;&#23494;&#23447;&#20116;&#26041;&#20315;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#36523;&#32160;&#33394;&#65292;&#20027;&#25104;&#25152;&#20316;&#26234;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/amoghasiddhi\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Amogasiddhi<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;All Accomplishing Wisdom&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25104;&#25152;&#20316;&#26234;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3937;&#3962;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (jawa drubp&eacute; yeshe); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bya ba grub pa&amp;#039;i ye shes&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Krtyanusthanajnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;All Accomplishing Wisdom, one of the five wisdoms, represented by Amoghasiddhi in the north, is the ability to benefit all beings spontaneously and effortlessly, without exertion.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25104;&#25152;&#20316;&#26234;&#26159;&#20116;&#26234;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33021;&#27627;&#19981;&#36027;&#21147;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#25104;&#29087;&#21892;&#26989;&#65292;&#30001;&#21271;&#26041;&#19981;&#31354;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#35937;&#24501;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/krtyanusthanajnana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">All Accomplishing Wisdom<\/span><\/li><li>South, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ratna, Jewel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29645;&#23542;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24825;&#37027;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3919;&#4003; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(ratna); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rat+na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Ratna&amp;lt;\/b&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ratna\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Ratna<\/span> family Yellow <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ratnasambhava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23539;&#29983;&#22914;&#20358;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3906;&#3923;&#3942;, &#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3939;&#4001;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rin chen &amp;#039;byung gnas, rin chen byung ldan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin chen &amp;#039;byung gnas, rin chen &amp;#039;byung ldan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ratnasambhava&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ratnasambhava is one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, with colour yellow in south direction, holding a jewel, belonging to the jewel family, representing:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;good qualities&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;purification of aggregate of feelings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;water element&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;ear consciousness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;deep awareness of equalities&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nHis consort is Mamaki.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23539;&#29983;&#22914;&#20358;&#26159;&#21335;&#26041;&#23539;&#37096;&#30340;&#22577;&#36523;&#20315;&#65292;&#28858;&#23494;&#23447;&#20116;&#26041;&#20315;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#36523;&#40643;&#33394;&#65292;&#20027;&#22937;&#35264;&#23519;&#26234;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ratnasambhava\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Ratnasambhava<\/span>, Equality Wisdom,<\/li><li>Centre, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> family, White <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aksobhya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38463;&#38310;&#22914;&#20358;, &#19981;&#21205;&#20315; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#23601;&#35997;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(mi ky&ouml; bey); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mi bskyod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aksobhya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Sanskrit, Ak&#7779;obhya means immovable.&nbsp; Ak&#7779;obhya is one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, with colour blue in the east direction (centre in the Guhyasamaja mandala), holding a vajra, belonging to the vajra family, representing:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;purification of aggregate of types of consciousness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;space element&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;body consciousness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mirror like deep awareness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nHis consort is Lochana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19981;&#21205;&#20315;&#65292;&#38463;&#38310;&#22914;&#20358;&#26159;&#26481;&#26041;&#37329;&#21083;&#37096;&#30340;&#22577;&#36523;&#20315;&#65292;&#28858;&#23494;&#23447;&#20116;&#26041;&#20315;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#36523;&#34253;&#33394;&#65292;&#20027;&#22823;&#22291;&#37857;&#26234;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/aksobhya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Akshobhya<\/span>. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>datu Perfect Wisdom<\/li><\/ul><h3>Conclusion and Gratitude<\/h3><p>Most of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Devata;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>deity<\/span> forms and ritual implements displayed in the statues and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Thangka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21776;&#21345;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3908;&#3851;&#3904;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (thang ka); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thang ka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Thangka is a traditional Tibetan painting of a Buddha, deity, great Buddhist practitioner or mandala. It is usually sewn into a textile mounting and used as religious contemplation and visualization object.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21776;&#21345;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#30059;&#22312;&#24067;&#24148;&#25110;&#32025;&#19978;&#30340;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30059;&#20687;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/thangka\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>thangka<\/span>s at this exhibition are intended to guide <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> toward transcendent practices, helping them generate realizations of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stages of the path, Lamrim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532; (&#26391;&#26519;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(lamrim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lamrim (stages of the path) is a Tibetan Buddhist teaching for the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha. Atisa wrote the first root text, &amp;quot;A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment&amp;quot;. Many Tibetan masters wrote many versions including Tsongkhapa&amp;#039;s masterpiece &amp;quot;Lamrim Chenmo&amp;quot; (The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path of Enlightenment).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26681;&#25818;&#19981;&#21516;&#20154;&#36039;&#36074;&#26681;&#22120;&#19981;&#21516;&#65292;&#23559;&#20462;&#23416;&#21123;&#20998;&#28858;&#25976;&#20491;&#19981;&#21516;&#38542;&#27573;&#30340;&#36947;&#36335;&#25152;&#23531;&#25104;&#30340;&#20462;&#27861;&#26360;&#31821;&#12290;&#26368;&#26089;&#20986;&#29694;&#30340;&#33879;&#20316;&#26159;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#30340;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#24291;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;zh-CN&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20197;&#19979;&#28858;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#32147;&#26360; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;The following is a list of the most important Lamrim texts : ....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/lamrim\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stages of the path<\/span> in their mind streams. A smaller portion of these forms fulfill worldly needs. Through this brief introduction, we hope you have gained a basic understanding of the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Tibetan Buddhism<\/span>. Thank you for taking time out of your precious holiday to participate in this event. We deeply appreciate your presence!<\/p><h3>Question and Answer: Symbolism of Deities Trampling Beings<\/h3><p>Question: In this exhibition, some deities are depicted with their feet stepping on beings. What does this signify?<\/p><p>Answer: The depiction of deities stepping on beings symbolizes the essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>, which is to subdue and transcend the two extremes of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nihilism, Extreme of non-existence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34395;&#28961;&#20027;&#32681;, &#28961;&#37002; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32654;&#20182;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3928;&#3920;&#3936;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(me ta);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;med mtha&amp;#039;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;natthikav&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nihilism is one of two extreme views that repudiates conventional existence of anything, rejecting general or fundamental aspects of human existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#37002;, &#25613;&#28187;&#37002;, &#34395;&#28961;&#20027;&#32681;&#21542;&#23450;&#20219;&#20309;&#20107;&#29289;&#30340;&#20659;&#32113;&#24120;&#35215;&#23384;&#22312;&#65292;&#35469;&#28858;&#23431;&#23449;&#12289;&#29983;&#21629;&#30340;&#23384;&#22312;&#26159;&#27794;&#26377;&#23458;&#35264;&#24847;&#32681;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nihilism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>nihilism<\/span> (believing nothing exists) and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Absolutism, Eternalism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24120;&#27861;, &#24120;&#37002;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3938;&#3999;&#3906;&#3851;&#3928;&#3920;&#3936; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rtag mtha), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (takpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rtag mtha&amp;#039;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rtag pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nityanta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Eternalism is one of the two extremes that asserts truly permanent absolute existence of things, a&nbsp;belief that self has concrete existence and is eternal.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24120;&#37002;, &#24120;&#27861;, &#22686;&#30410;&#37002; &#25351;&#33836;&#29289;&#21253;&#25324;&#33258;&#25105;&#27704;&#24646;&#23526;&#26377;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/absolutism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">eternalism<\/span> (believing everything is permanent), reaching the true nature of reality. It also symbolizes the subjugation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>. The beings under the deities&rsquo; feet represent powerful gods of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Desire Realm&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27442;&#30028;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3905;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(do kham); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod khams&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kamadhatu, Kamaloka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Desire Realm is the first of Three Realms of Samsara. It is further divided into the Six Heavens, Hells and Earth Realms. Beings are born into the Desire Realm based on their karma and they are continually tempted by desire.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27442;&#30028;&#26159;&#19977;&#30028;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#36650;&#36852;&#22312;&#27492;&#30340;&#20845;&#36947;&#30526;&#29983;&#25345;&#32396;&#21463;&#36010;&#27442;&#35480;&#24341;&#12290;&#27442;&#30028;&#20998;&#28858; &#22320;&#29508;, &#20154;&#38291;, &#20845;&#27442;&#22825;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/desire-realm\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">desire realm<\/span>, such as <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lord Brahma; &#26805;&#22825;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36106;&#27754;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tsang wang);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshangs dbang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/brahma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Brahma<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wangchug, Ishvara, Hindu God&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33258;&#22312;&#20027;, &#33258;&#22312;&#22825;, &#31070;, &#24375;&#32773;, &#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#27754;&#31179;\/&#27754;&#26354;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3926;&#3908;&#3851;&#3925;&#4017;&#3956;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (wang chuk); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dbang phyug&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ishvara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Wangchug is a common Tibetan name meaning Ishvara (Hindu god), mighty man, ruler. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Wangchuk, Wangchuck.\n&#33258;&#22312;&#20027;&#26159;&#21360;&#24230;&#25945;&#30340;&#19978;&#20027;&#65292;&#21448;&#25351;&#22823;&#33258;&#22312;&#22825;&#12290;&#27754;&#31179; \/ &#27754;&#26354; \/ &#26106;&#31179;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#24375;&#32773;&#65292;&#32113;&#27835;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/ishvara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Ishvara<\/span>. Stepping on them signifies transcending their influence and achieving the eight worldly accomplishments.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">The above is a translation from our Chinese webpage, based on original Tibetan teachings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"position: relative;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0779199 elementor-cta--layout-image-right elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-96595 elementor-widget-call-to-action bdt-element-link\" data-id=\"0779199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"ep_notation_list\":[{\"_id\":\"990269f\",\"ep_notation_bracket_on\":null,\"ep_notation_select_type\":\"widget\",\"ep_notation_custom_selector\":null,\"ep_notation_type\":\"underline\",\"ep_notation_color\":\"\",\"ep_notation_stroke_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1,\"sizes\":[]},\"ep_notation_infinity_loop\":\"\",\"ep_notation_anim_duration\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"ep_notation_loop_delay\":null,\"ep_notation_waypoint_offset\":\"\"}],\"ep_notation_active\":\"yes\"}' data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\"><a href=\"\/initation\/\" class=\"bdt-element-link-anchor bdt-position-cover\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;\" aria-label=\"Visit link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"\/Basicbuddhism\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Gosok-D8A9044p-s-150x150.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Gosok D8A9044p s\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBasic Tibetan Buddhism Teachings Pages <br> &#22522;&#30990;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#38283;&#31034;&#38913;&#38754;\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gosok Rinpoche Teaching<br \/>\n\u81f3\u5c0a\u679c\u78a9\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u958b\u793a<br \/>\nTeaching on Tibetan Buddhism<br \/>\n\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5167\u6db5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":79408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[920,919,561,1009],"class_list":["post-102776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching","tag-chinese","tag-english","tag-561","tag-basics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - 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