{"id":84869,"date":"2024-08-26T20:44:15","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T00:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%99%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%84%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%98\/"},"modified":"2025-02-02T20:10:44","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T01:10:44","slug":"nyingma","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nyingma\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0f62\u0f99\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Nyingma; &#23527;&#29802;&#27966;; <\/strong>Tibetan: <strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">&#3938;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3928;<\/span>; <\/strong><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration, designed by American Turrell V. Wylie in 1959, is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. It precisely transcribes Tibetan script as written but does not represent the modern pronunciation of Tibetan words.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&#26159;&#30001;&#29305;&#29790;&#29246;&middot;&#23041;&#21033;&#26044;1959&#24180;&#35373;&#35336;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#25991;&#36681;&#23531;&#31995;&#32113;, &#21482;&#29992;26&#20491;&#25289;&#19969;&#23383;&#27597;, &#20294;&#20006;&#19981;&#34920;&#29694;&#20195;&#34255;&#35486;&#30332;&#38899;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Wylie<\/a>: <strong>rnying ma;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nyingma is the oldest of the four major schools of <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Tibetan Buddhism<\/a>. It was founded in the eighth century. King <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Trisong Detsen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36196;&#26494;&#24503;&#36106;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3905;&#4018;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3939;&#4001;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&#3929;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(Trisong Detsen)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khri srong lde btsan;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Trisong Detsen, (742-797; reign 755 - 797), was the 38th Tibetan king of the Yarlung Dynasty. He was one of three Dharma kings greatly contributed in bringing and establishing Mahayana Buddhism to Tibet. He&nbsp; invited Padmasambhava, Santaraksita, Vimalamitra, and other Indian teachers to come to Tibet.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36196;&#26494;&#24503;&#36106; (742-797) &#26159;&#21520;&#34115;&#38597;&#39791;&#29579;&#26397;&#31532;38&#36106;&#26222;, &#22312;&#20301; 755 - 797&#12290;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#20837;&#35199;&#34255;&#20316;&#20986;&#20102;&#24040;&#22823;&#36002;&#29563;&#30340;&#19977;&#20301;&#38597;&#39791;&#29579;&#26397;&#22283;&#29579;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20182;&#36992;&#35531;&#20102;&#34030;&#33457;&#29983;&#12289;&#23490;&#35703;&#12289;&#28961;&#22434;&#35542;&#24107;&#31561;&#21360;&#24230;&#19978;&#24107;&#21069;&#24448;&#35199;&#34255;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/trisong-detsen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/trisong-detsen\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Trisong Detsen<\/a> invited <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Padmasambhava, Guru Rinpoche&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34030;&#33457;&#29983;, &#34030;&#24107;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3924;&#3921;&#4008;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3906;&#3923;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (pema jungne); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pad+ma &amp;#039;byung gnas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: Padmasambhava;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Padmasambhava (lotus born), also known as Guru Rinpoche (Precious Master), was born in Oddiyana in the eighth century. Padmasambhava was invited to come to Tibet by the Tibet king, Trisong Detsen and the Indian pandita Shantarakshita. He spent 55 years in Tibet and was revered as the founder of Tibetan Buddhism. Nyingma followers regard him as the second Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34030;&#33457;&#29983;, &#34030;&#24107;&#26159;&#20843;&#19990;&#32000;&#21360;&#24230;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#23546;&#20711;&#20154;&#65292;&#28858;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#38283;&#23665;&#31062;&#24107;&#65292;&#34030;&#24107;&#25033;&#34255;&#29579;&#36196;&#26494;&#24503;&#36106;&#33287;&#23490;&#35703;&#36992;&#35531;&#65292;&#32004;&#26044;750&#24180;&#30001;&#21360;&#24230;&#21855;&#31243;&#21069;&#24448;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33457;&#20102;&#36229;&#36942;&#20116;&#21313;&#20116;&#24180;&#22312;&#35199;&#34255;&#24344;&#27861;&#65292;&#28858;&#23527;&#29802;&#27966;&#30344;&#20381;&#22659;&#30340;&#20027;&#23562;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/padmasambhava\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/padmasambhava\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Padmasambhava<\/a> to introduce Buddhism to Tibet.<\/p>\n<p>&#23527;&#29802;&#27966;&#26159;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bod brgyud nang bstan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bod brgyud nang bstan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in Tibet and is practiced in Mongolia, Siberia, Nepal, Bhutan and other regions surrounding the Himalayas. It is a form of Mahayana with Indian tantric Vajrayana tradition with native Tibetan practices.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26159;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33945;&#21476;&#12289;&#23612;&#27850;&#29246;&#12289;&#19981;&#20025;&#12289;&#35199;&#20271;&#21033;&#20126;&#21644;&#21916;&#39340;&#25289;&#38597;&#23665;&#21608;&#37002;&#22320;&#21312;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#23447;&#25945;&#65292;&#20855;&#26377;&#21360;&#24230;&#23494;&#23447;&#20659;&#32113;&#21644;&#35199;&#34255;&#26412;&#22303;&#32722;&#20439;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tibetan-buddhism\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;<\/a>&#27511;&#21490;&#26368;&#20037;&#20043;&#27966;&#65292;&#25104;&#26044;&#20844;&#20803;11&#19990;&#32000;&#12290;&#23562;&#22857;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Padmasambhava, Guru Rinpoche&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34030;&#33457;&#29983;, &#34030;&#24107;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3924;&#3921;&#4008;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3906;&#3923;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (pema jungne); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;pad+ma &amp;#039;byung gnas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: Padmasambhava;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Padmasambhava (lotus born), also known as Guru Rinpoche (Precious Master), was born in Oddiyana in the eighth century. Padmasambhava was invited to come to Tibet by the Tibet king, Trisong Detsen and the Indian pandita Shantarakshita. He spent 55 years in Tibet and was revered as the founder of Tibetan Buddhism. Nyingma followers regard him as the second Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34030;&#33457;&#29983;, &#34030;&#24107;&#26159;&#20843;&#19990;&#32000;&#21360;&#24230;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#23546;&#20711;&#20154;&#65292;&#28858;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#38283;&#23665;&#31062;&#24107;&#65292;&#34030;&#24107;&#25033;&#34255;&#29579;&#36196;&#26494;&#24503;&#36106;&#33287;&#23490;&#35703;&#36992;&#35531;&#65292;&#32004;&#26044;750&#24180;&#30001;&#21360;&#24230;&#21855;&#31243;&#21069;&#24448;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#33457;&#20102;&#36229;&#36942;&#20116;&#21313;&#20116;&#24180;&#22312;&#35199;&#34255;&#24344;&#27861;&#65292;&#28858;&#23527;&#29802;&#27966;&#30344;&#20381;&#22659;&#30340;&#20027;&#23562;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/padmasambhava\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/padmasambhava\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#34030;&#33457;&#29983;<\/a>&#22823;&#22763;&#28858;&#22987;&#31062;&#65292;&#20659;&#25215;&#26368;&#39640;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20462;&#27861;<\/a>&#28858;&#12300;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dzogchen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#22291;&#28415;, &#22823;&#31350;&#31455;, &#22823;&#25104;&#23601; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24038;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dzogs pa chen po); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs pa chen po&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahasandhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dzogchen (mahasandhi, great completeness, great perfection) is the central and highest teaching of Nyingma and Bon schools of Tibetan Buddhism to discover and realize the innermost nature of mind and state of being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#22291;&#28415;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23527;&#29802;&#27966;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#27861;&#38272;&#65292;&#26159;&#36948;&#21040;&#35299;&#33067;&#22659;&#30028;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#36884;&#24465;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/dzogchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/dzogchen\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22823;&#22291;&#28415;<\/a>&#27861;&#12301;&#12290;&#30001;&#26044;&#20711;&#20154;&#25110;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/lama\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19978;&#24107;<\/a>&#22343;&#25140;&#32005;&#33394;&#27861;&#24125;&#65292;&#25925;&#20439;&#31281;&#28858;&#12300;&#32005;&#24125;&#27966;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#32005;&#25945;&#12301;&#12290;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nyingma; \u5be7\u746a\u6d3e; Tibetan: \u0f62\u0f99\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58; Wylie: rnying ma; Nyingma is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It was founded in the eighth century. King Trisong Detsen invited Padmasambhava to introduce Buddhism to Tibet. \u5be7\u746a\u6d3e\u662f\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u6700\u4e45\u4e4b\u6d3e\uff0c\u6210\u65bc\u516c\u514311\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u5c0a\u5949\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u70ba\u59cb\u7956\uff0c\u50b3\u627f\u6700\u9ad8\u4fee\u6cd5\u70ba\u300c\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u50e7\u4eba\u6216\u4e0a\u5e2b\u5747\u6234\u7d05\u8272\u6cd5\u5e3d\uff0c\u6545\u4fd7\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7d05\u5e3d\u6d3e\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7d05\u6559\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[819,820],"glossary-tags":[821],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-84869","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","glossary-categories-buddhism-","glossary-categories-tibetan-","glossary-tags-buddhist-term-"],"post_title":"\u0f62\u0f99\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58","post_content":"<strong>Nyingma; \u5be7\u746a\u6d3e; <\/strong>Tibetan: <strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u0f62\u0f99\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58<\/span>; <\/strong>Wylie: <strong>rnying ma;<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNyingma is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It was founded in the eighth century. King Trisong Detsen invited Padmasambhava to introduce Buddhism to Tibet.\r\n\r\n\u5be7\u746a\u6d3e\u662f\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u6700\u4e45\u4e4b\u6d3e\uff0c\u6210\u65bc\u516c\u514311\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u5c0a\u5949\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u70ba\u59cb\u7956\uff0c\u50b3\u627f\u6700\u9ad8\u4fee\u6cd5\u70ba\u300c\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u50e7\u4eba\u6216\u4e0a\u5e2b\u5747\u6234\u7d05\u8272\u6cd5\u5e3d\uff0c\u6545\u4fd7\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7d05\u5e3d\u6d3e\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7d05\u6559\u300d\u3002","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0f62\u0f99\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/fr\/glossary\/nyingma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0f62\u0f99\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nyingma; \u5be7\u746a\u6d3e; Tibetan: \u0f62\u0f99\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58; Wylie: rnying ma; Nyingma is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It was founded in the eighth century. 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