{"id":4854,"date":"2019-03-29T15:35:18","date_gmt":"2019-03-29T19:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/?p=4854"},"modified":"2025-01-22T00:53:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T05:53:10","slug":"birthday-teaching-2011-toronto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/birthday-teaching-2011-toronto\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u516d\u79e9\u6649\u4e94\u83ef\u8a95\u795d\u58fd\u6cd5\u6703\u5c0d\u591a\u502b\u591a\u5f1f\u5b50\u958b\u793a || Gosok Rinpoche Birthday Teaching 2011 Toronto"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4854\" class=\"elementor elementor-4854\" data-elementor-settings='{\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true}}' data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2744f0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2744f0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85eb5d1\" data-id=\"85eb5d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2729170 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2729170\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&#20027;&#35201;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#36889;&#19968;&#29983;&#20063;&#26377;&#35377;&#22810;&#20196;&#25105;&#20497;&#28415;&#36275;&#30340;&#24184;&#31119;&#20043;&#34389;&#65292;&#24456;&#22810;&#20154;&#20063;&#35258;&#24471;&#20154;&#29983;&#26159;&#32654;&#28415;&#30340;&#12290;&#20294;&#22312;&#28415;&#36275;&#20043;&#39192;&#65292;&#19981;&#20813;&#24819;&#21040;&#33258;&#24049;&#30340;&#26410;&#20358;&#33287;&#20358;&#29983;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#21033;&#29992;&#26178;&#38291;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#25105;&#23601;&#36889;&#40670;&#24456;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rejoice&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38568;&#21916; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#34311; &#20234;&#35731;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(jesu yi rang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rjes su yi rang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Rejoice,  &#38568;&#21916;  &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/rejoice\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#38568;&#21916;<\/span>&#21508;&#20301;&#26377;&#36889;&#27171;&#30340;&#29992;&#24515;&#12290;&#20462;&#23416;&#20315;&#27861;&#65307;&#32047;&#31309;&#21892;&#26989;&#20043;&#37325;&#40670;&#22312;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Three Doors, Three Gates&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19977;&#38272;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26524;&#26494;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3906;&#3942;&#3956;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(go sum); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo gsum&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tridv&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The (gross) three doors are body, speech and mind, the ways that beings can function and interact with the world. The subtle three doors in tantra are nadis, pranas and bindus.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19977;&#38272;&#26159;&#36523;&#35486;&#24847;&#12290;&#23494;&#23447;&#30340;&#32048;&#19977;&#38272;&#26159;&#27683;, &#33032;, &#26126;&#40670;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#19977;&#38272;,  Three Doors,  Three Gates&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/three-doors\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19977;&#38272;<\/span>&#9472;&#9472;&#36523;&#12289;&#35486;&#12289;&#24847;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#12290;&#36523;&#39636;&#12289;&#35328;&#35486;&#12289;&#24515;&#24907;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#22914;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#20415;&#26159;&#21892;&#26989;&#12290;&#21892;&#26989;&#38263;&#26178;&#31309;&#32858;&#65292;&#20415;&#33258;&#28982;&#29983;&#20986;&#23433;&#27138;&#65292;&#19981;&#35542;&#20170;&#29983;&#65292;&#25233;&#25110;&#20358;&#19990;&#23433;&#27138;&#20043;&#20358;&#34389;&#30342;&#26159;&#22914;&#27492;&#36939;&#20316;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#33509;&#24076;&#27714;&#20170;&#29983;&#12289;&#20358;&#19990;&#12289;&#28961;&#37327;&#20358;&#29983;&#20043;&#23433;&#27138;&#65292;&#25033;&#23601;&#36523;&#12289;&#35486;&#12289;&#24847;&#33879;&#25163;&#12290;&#38614;&#20113;&#36523;&#12289;&#35486;&#12289;&#24847;&#20998;&#19977;&#65292;&#28982;&#36523;&#12289;&#35486;&#20108;&#32773;&#20035;&#21463;&#24847;&#20043;&#29309;&#24341;&#65292;&#30332;&#24515;&#33391;&#22909;&#33287;&#21542;&#65292;&#23559;&#24433;&#38911;&#36523;&#12289;&#35486;&#20108;&#26989;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#24515;&#26159;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#65292;&#23601;&#20462;&#34892;&#20358;&#35611;&#65292;&#24515;&#30340;&#25552;&#21319;&#26159;&#38364;&#35201;&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26989;&#21147;<\/span>&#30340;&#36939;&#20316;&#65292;&#20197;&#36215;&#24515;&#21205;&#24565;&#28858;&#20027;&#65292;&#20197;&#36010;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#20358;&#35611;&#65292;&#36010;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#20154;&#29983;&#12289;&#21517;&#21033;&#12289;&#22320;&#20301;&#12289;&#36001;&#23500;&#31561;&#31561;&#21508;&#31278;&#23652;&#38754;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#30340;&#27442;&#26395;&#12290;&#30001;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#26044;&#27492;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#24478;&#20107;&#21508;&#31278;&#34892;&#28858;&#20358;&#28415;&#36275;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#36523;&#39636;&#12289;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#35328;&#35486;&#20035;&#21463;&#24515;&#20013;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#20043;&#29309;&#24341;&#65292;&#20170;&#29983;&#20358;&#19990;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#3904;&#3938;&#4008;, Karma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26989;&#21147;<\/span>&#30342;&#26159;&#22914;&#27492;&#36939;&#36681;&#12290;&#22240;&#28858;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#12289;&#27442;&#26395;&#20043;&#24817;&#29105;&#65292;&#20196;&#21566;&#31561;&#30333;&#26085;&#19981;&#24471;&#33258;&#22312;&#65307;&#22812;&#26202;&#19981;&#24471;&#23433;&#23527;&#20837;&#30496;&#12290;&#27442;&#26395;&#27714;&#20043;&#19981;&#24471;&#65292;&#20196;&#25105;&#20497;&#30171;&#33510;&#65307;&#21363;&#20351;&#25105;&#20497;&#26283;&#19988;&#36948;&#25104;&#19968;&#20123;&#27442;&#26395;&#29554;&#24471;&#31245;&#32305;&#21363;&#36893;&#30340;&#30701;&#26283;&#26377;&#28431;&#27138;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#20854;&#20182;&#27442;&#26395;&#21448;&#28304;&#28304;&#19981;&#32085;&#28014;&#29694;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#27442;&#26395;&#26159;&#27704;&#36960;&#28961;&#27861;&#28415;&#36275;&#30340;&#12290;&#28961;&#35542;&#22914;&#20309;&#28415;&#36275;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#36010;&#24515;&#65292;&#21482;&#26371;&#24341;&#30332;&#26356;&#22810;&#36010;&#24515;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#25105;&#20497;&#26371;&#24863;&#21040;&#30130;&#24970;&#19981;&#22570;&#65292;&#26085;&#26085;&#22812;&#22812;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#29983;&#29983;&#19990;&#19990;&#22914;&#27492;&#12290;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#20134;&#24489;&#22914;&#26159;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3905;&#4018;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(kong tro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khong khro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratigha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anger (Pratigha) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21972;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/pratigha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21972;<\/span>&#24515;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#25105;&#24930;&#24515;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3905;&#4018;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(kong tro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khong khro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratigha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anger (Pratigha) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21972;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/pratigha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21972;<\/span>&#24515;&#12289;&#25105;&#24930;&#24515;&#30340;&#32227;&#25925;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#20663;&#23475;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#65292;&#20854;&#23526;&#20663;&#23475;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#26178;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#20415;&#24536;&#20102;&#20445;&#35703;&#33258;&#24049;&#65307;&#20663;&#23475;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#65292;&#23601;&#26371;&#20663;&#23475;&#21040;&#33258;&#24049;&#65307;&#25105;&#20497;&#37117;&#26377;&#24819;&#20445;&#35703;&#33258;&#25105;&#30340;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#22240;&#28858;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3905;&#4018;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(kong tro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khong khro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratigha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anger (Pratigha) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21972;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/pratigha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21972;<\/span>&#24515;&#12289;&#25105;&#24930;&#24515;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#21453;&#32780;&#20663;&#23475;&#20102;&#33258;&#24049;&#65307;&#22240;&#28858;&#33258;&#24049;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#65292;&#35731;&#33258;&#24049;&#25215;&#21463;&#21508;&#31278;&#33510;&#38627;&#12290;&#33509;&#25105;&#20497;&#20170;&#29983;&#30340;&#29376;&#27841;&#26159;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#20358;&#29983;&#30340;&#29376;&#27841;&#20063;&#26371;&#26159;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#29983;&#36896;&#26989;&#19981;&#23569;&#65292;&#20358;&#19990;&#20415;&#20063;&#26159;&#22914;&#27492;&#24490;&#29872;&#12290;&#28961;&#22987;&#21163;&#20358;&#25105;&#20497;&#28858;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#24441;&#20351;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#22240;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#33510;&#38627;&#22826;&#22810;&#22826;&#22810;&#20102;&#12290;&#21566;&#31561;&#20170;&#29983;&#20462;&#23416;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#34249;&#30001;&#20315;&#27861;&#25913;&#35722;&#21566;&#31561;&#25152;&#26377;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#30340;&#36939;&#20316;&#26041;&#24335;&#65292;&#32066;&#32080;&#36889;&#31278;&#24490;&#29872;&#65292;&#20570;&#20491;&#20102;&#26039;&#30340;&#65292;&#20462;&#23416;&#20315;&#27861;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#30446;&#30340;&#22312;&#27492;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#20043;&#25152;&#20197;&#26371;&#26377;&#21508;&#31278;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#65292;&#27491;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#25105;&#20497;&#23565;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#35469;&#35672;&#19981;&#36275;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#26371;&#35258;&#24471;&#27794;&#26377;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#21453;&#32780;&#20196;&#20154;&#19981;&#33258;&#22312;&#12290;&#36010;&#24515;&#30340;&#26412;&#36074;&#26159;&#37679;&#35258;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#21453;&#32780;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21462;, &#22519;&#33879; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36899;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lenpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;len pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upadana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Upadana (grasping) is one of the 12 nidanas. Craving develops into grasping what is pleasurable and avoiding what is painful. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a money continuously picking fruits from a tree.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20061;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#21462;&#12301;, &#28304;&#26044;&#24859;, &#30526;&#29983;&#23565;&#27138;&#21463;&#33287;&#33510;&#21463;&#25152;&#29986;&#29983;&#30340;&#22659;&#29983;&#36215;&#26997;&#24375;&#30340;&#36010;&#21462;&#24515;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#36010;&#24471;&#28961;&#39260;&#22320;&#38568;&#24847;&#25688;&#21462;&#27193;&#19978;&#27700;&#26524;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#27604;&#21947;&#21462;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Upadana,  Grasping,  &#22519;&#33879;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/upadana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22519;&#33879;<\/span>&#36889;&#31278;&#37679;&#35258;&#28858;&#30495;&#23526;&#65307;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jealousy; &#23241;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3925;&#4018;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(trakdok); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;phrag dog&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Irsya;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Envy, jealousy (irsya) is one of Twenty Subsidiary Destructive Emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23241;&#22930;&#26159;&#20108;&#21313;&#38568;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Irsya, &#23241;&#22930;, Envy&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/irsya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#23241;&#22930;<\/span>&#24515;&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3905;&#4018;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(kong tro); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khong khro&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratigha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Anger (Pratigha) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21972;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#20845;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21972;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/pratigha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#21972;<\/span>&#24515;&#12289;&#25105;&#24930;&#24515;&#31278;&#31278;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#26159;&#37679;&#35258;&#65292;&#26159;&#27794;&#26377;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ignorance&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30305;, &#28961;&#26126; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#40635;&#37324;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(ma rigpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma rig pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avidya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ignorance (avidya) is one of Six Root Destructive Emotions. It is the first of 12 links of dependent origination. In the wheel of life, tt is shown as an blind old woman groping for her way with a cane.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#26126;&#26159;&#21313;&#20108;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#20043;&#39318;, &#26159;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#22833;&#26126;&#19988;&#25284;&#33879;&#26618;&#26454;&#30340;&#32769;&#23142;&#20154;&#27604;&#21947;&#28961;&#26126;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#28961;&#26126;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/avidya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28961;&#26126;<\/span>&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#25105;&#20497;&#21371;&#23559;&#24444;&#31561;&#35222;&#28858;&#30495;&#23526;&#23384;&#22312;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#25105;&#20497;&#21453;&#32780;&#35258;&#24471;&#32570;&#23569;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#21453;&#23559;&#28961;&#27861;&#29983;&#27963;&#65307;&#24515;&#24819;&#65292;&#32570;&#20047;&#36889;&#20123;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#65292;&#25105;&#23559;&#22833;&#21435;&#25105;&#30340;&#24184;&#31119;&#65307;&#35492;&#35469;&#23433;&#27138;&#26159;&#24314;&#31435;&#22312;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#19978;&#30340;&#65307;&#22909;&#20687;&#27794;&#26377;&#20381;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#34892;&#20107;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#30340;&#23433;&#27138;&#26371;&#38568;&#20043;&#28040;&#25955;&#12290;&#36889;&#31278;&#35264;&#24565;&#19981;&#21934;&#23384;&#22312;&#26044;&#27492;&#29983;&#65292;&#22312;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#25105;&#20497;&#20063;&#22519;&#25345;&#36889;&#31278;&#35264;&#24565;&#65292;&#30001;&#26044;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#34224;&#26579;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#22519;&#24187;&#28858;&#23526;&#65292;&#36889;&#31278;&#24515;&#24907;&#23566;&#33268;&#25105;&#20497;&#28961;&#27861;&#36960;&#38626;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#12290;&#22240;&#27492;&#21566;&#31561;&#25033;&#35264;&#23519;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#20043;&#26412;&#36074;&#65292;&#20854;&#26412;&#36074;&#20035;&#39003;&#20498;&#37679;&#20098;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#25105;&#20497;&#21371;&#23559;&#36889;&#31278;&#37679;&#35258;&#30070;&#20316;&#26159;&#30495;&#23526;&#30340;&#65292;&#35492;&#20197;&#28858;&#20854;&#26377;&#21161;&#30410;&#26044;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#20154;&#29983;&#65292;&#23526;&#21063;&#24688;&#24688;&#30456;&#21453;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#21482;&#26371;&#25613;&#24817;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#20154;&#29983;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#25105;&#20497;&#30053;&#35264;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#28858;&#20309;&#65292;&#36889;&#40636;&#22810;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#26159;&#24478;&#20309;&#32780;&#20358;?&#22240;&#28858;&#31278;&#31278;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#20043;&#29309;&#24341;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#26159;&#38750;&#21462;&#25448;&#20134;&#38568;&#20043;&#39003;&#20498;&#65292;&#36861;&#31350;&#20854;&#26681;&#26412;&#21063;&#26159;&#22240;&#28858;&#26377;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#26159;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#20415;&#23384;&#22312;&#30340;&#65292;&#26082;&#28982;&#26159;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#20415;&#23384;&#22312;&#30340;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#23601;&#23565;&#24444;&#24863;&#21040;&#32722;&#20197;&#28858;&#24120;&#65292;&#20063;&#23601;&#25104;&#28858;&#25105;&#20497;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#65292;&#22240;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#30906;&#23526;&#26377;&#20491;&#26681;&#29983;&#33922;&#22266;&#30340;&ldquo;&#25105;&rdquo;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#33258;&#28982;&#29983;&#36215;&ldquo;&#25105;&#26159;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#65307;&#25105;&#21487;&#20197;&#20316;&#33258;&#31169;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#12290;&rdquo;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#12290;<\/p><p>&ldquo;&#33258;&#25105;&#28858;&#20013;&#24515;&rdquo;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#29983;&#36215;&#24460;&#65292;&#22240;&#32780;&ldquo;&#23559;&#20182;&#20154;&#35222;&#28858;&#27425;&#35201;&#30340;&#65307;&#20182;&#20154;&#30340;&#20107;&#21209;&#23565;&#25105;&#20497;&#28961;&#38364;&#32202;&#35201;&rdquo;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#20415;&#33258;&#28982;&#29986;&#29983;&#12290;&#22240;&#27492;&#25105;&#20497;&#35264;&#23519;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Klesha,  &#29033;&#24817;,  Affliction, &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#29033;&#24817;<\/span>&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#28858;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#65292;&#26377;&#20102;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#20415;&#26371;&#26377;&#33258;&#31169;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#65292;&#24489;&#35264;&#33258;&#31169;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#26044;&#33258;&#36523;&#20043;&#36942;&#24739;&#65292;&#26377;&#20102;&#33258;&#31169;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#20415;&#26371;&#20663;&#23475;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#65292;&#20877;&#35264;&#20663;&#23475;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#20043;&#36942;&#24739;&#65307;&#21453;&#20043;&#65292;&#25033;&#24605;&#32173;&#35703;&#21161;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#20043;&#31278;&#31278;&#21033;&#30410;&#33287;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#19978;&#36848;&#23652;&#23652;&#35264;&#20462;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Self Grasping&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(dag dzin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag &rsquo;dzin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#257;tmagr&#257;ha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Self Grasping is the mind that thinks of self as inherently existent.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#25105;&#22519;\/&#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22916;&#22519;&#26377;&#23526;&#22312;&#30340;&#25105;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt; Self Grasping, &#25105;&#22519;,  &#25105;&#24859;&#22519;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%9b%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#25105;&#22519;<\/span>&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#34987;&#26039;&#38500;&#30340;&#12290;&#33509;&#25105;&#20497;&#20855;&#26377;&#22914;&#26159;&#24605;&#32173;&#65292;&#19981;&#35542;&#25105;&#20497;&#25152;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Spiritual practice,  &#20462;&#27861;,  Tukdam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20462;&#27861;<\/span>&#38272;&#28858;&#20309;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#25152;&#20316;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Spiritual practice,  &#20462;&#27861;,  Tukdam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20462;&#27861;<\/span>&#20415;&#26159;&#30495;&#27491;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Spiritual practice,  &#20462;&#27861;,  Tukdam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20462;&#27861;<\/span>&#65307;&#26377;&#20102;&ldquo;&#33258;&#36629;&#20182;&#37325;&rdquo;&#9472;&#9472;&#33258;&#24049;&#26159;&#27425;&#35201;&#30340;&#65292;&#20182;&#20154;&#25165;&#26159;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#25165;&#26159;&#30495;&#27491;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mahayana means great vehicle of mind, the aspiration to attain buddhahood, find liberation from suffering for the benefits for all beings.&nbsp;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#25552;&#20513;&#24351;&#23376;&#20197;&#20315;&#38464;&#28858;&#27036;&#27171;&#65292;&#20197;&#33258;&#21033;&#21033;&#20182;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#30340;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#24171;&#21161;&#30526;&#29983;&#35299;&#33067;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;, Mahayana, &#22823;&#20056;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;, Great Vehicle&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22823;&#20056;<\/span>&#20315;&#25945;&#24466;&#65292;&#27492;&#28858;&#33258;&#36523;&#33287;&#20182;&#20154;&#20170;&#29983;&#20358;&#19990;&#20043;&#21151;&#24503;&#21033;&#30410;&#23433;&#27138;&#20043;&#28304;&#12290;&#25105;&#24076;&#26395;&#21508;&#20301;&#23559;&#36889;&#30058;&#35441;&#25918;&#22312;&#24515;&#19978;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#20462;&#20219;&#20309;&#27861;&#38272;&#37117;&#25033;&#20855;&#36275;&#36889;&#31278;&#24819;&#27861;&#12290;&#32317;&#32780;&#35328;&#20043;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#36889;&#31278;&#24819;&#27861;&#65292;&#27492;&#29983;&#23559;&#24456;&#26377;&#24847;&#32681;&#65292;&#33258;&#36523;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#20182;&#20154;&#22914;&#27492;&#65292;&#20219;&#20309;&#20154;&#20855;&#27492;&#24605;&#32173;&#65292;&#24444;&#20043;&#20154;&#29983;&#20855;&#22823;&#32681;&#65307;&#20855;&#36275;&#36889;&#31278;&#24819;&#27861;&#27770;&#23450;&#21033;&#30410;&#20170;&#29983;&#65292;&#27770;&#23450;&#21033;&#30410;&#20358;&#19990;&#65292;&#36889;&#26159;&#38750;&#24120;&#32943;&#23450;&#30340;&#12290;&#36889;&#23601;&#26159;&#25972;&#20491;&#20315;&#27861;&#30340;&#31934;&#31070;&#65292;&#24076;&#26395;&#21508;&#20301;&#20063;&#26377;&#21516;&#27171;&#30340;&#24819;&#27861;&#65292;&#35731;&#33258;&#24049;&#30340;&#19968;&#29983;&#24456;&#26377;&#24847;&#32681;&#12290;&#25105;&#20170;&#24180;&#20845;&#21313;&#20116;&#27506;&#20102;&#12290;&#25105;&#29983;&#21629;&#20013;&#30340;&#25152;&#26377;&#20107;&#24773;&#20063;&#26159;&#20197;&#20315;&#27861;&#20316;&#28858;&#28310;&#21063;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#25105;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#24456;&#27489;&#21916;&#24841;&#24709;&#12290;&#24448;&#24460;&#29983;&#29983;&#19990;&#19990;&#20134;&#24489;&#22914;&#27492;&#20197;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#28310;&#21063;&#20358;&#29983;&#27963;&#65292;&#26159;&#25105;&#23565;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monlam, Aspiration Prayer, Determination; &#39000;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31048;&#39000; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#40664;&#26391;, &#32654;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (m&ouml;nlam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;smon lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pranidhana paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Determination, Aspiration, Vow (Pranidhana paramita) is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Monlam is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: M&ouml;nlam.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39000;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#32654;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pranidhana, Aspiration Prayer, &#31048;&#39000;, &#40664;&#26391;, &#32654;&#26391;, Monlam, M&ouml;nlam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/aspiration-prayer\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31048;&#39000;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>&#12296;&#24351;&#23376;&#29563;&#19978;&#29983;&#26085;&#24555;&#27138;&#27468;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Monlam, Aspiration Prayer, Determination; &#39000;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31048;&#39000; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#40664;&#26391;, &#32654;&#26391;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4008;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3939;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (m&ouml;nlam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;smon lam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pranidhana paramita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Determination, Aspiration, Vow (Pranidhana paramita) is one of the Ten Perfections.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Monlam is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: M&ouml;nlam.\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39000;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#32654;&#26391;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Pranidhana, Aspiration Prayer, &#31048;&#39000;, &#40664;&#26391;, &#32654;&#26391;, Monlam, M&ouml;nlam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/aspiration-prayer\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31048;&#39000;<\/span>&#12288;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19978;&#24107;<\/span>&#32854;&#22781;&#27704;&#31337;&#22266;&#65292;&#34030;&#36275;&#27704;&#22266;&#36066;&#21163;&#28023;&#12297;<\/p><p>&#35613;&#35613;&#22823;&#23478;&#65292;&#36763;&#33510;&#20102;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#25105;&#20497;&#20316;&#21151;&#35506;&#31309;&#21151;&#32047;&#24503;&#65292;&#35201;&#20316;&#22238;&#21521;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#19981;&#25033;&#24536;&#35352;&#22238;&#21521;&#20104;&#20854;&#20182;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#23433;&#27138;&#65292;&#25105;&#20497;&#20063;&#21487;&#20197;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dedicate&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36852;&#21521; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#25105;, &#25105;&#21703;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3988;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ngo), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3988;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (ngo war); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsngos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsngo ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3988;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;,  &#36852;&#21521;,  Dedicat&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/dedicate\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36852;&#21521;<\/span>&#33258;&#24049;&#20170;&#29983;&#20358;&#19990;&#30340;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#20581;&#24247;&#12289;&#38263;&#22781;&#65292;&#20006;&#22238;&#21521;&#29983;&#21629;&#26377;&#24847;&#32681;&#12290;&#25105;&#20497;&#20358;&#20316;&#22238;&#21521;&#12290;&nbsp;<\/p><p>&#27492;&#31119;&#24050;&#24471;&#19968;&#20999;&#26234;&#65292;&#25703;&#20239;&#19968;&#20999;&#36942;&#24739;&#25973;&#65292;&#29983;&#32769;&#30149;&#27515;&#29494;&#27874;&#28644;&#65292;&#39000;&#24230;&#26377;&#28023;&#35576;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &#26377;&#24773; (&#34217;&#22517;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#4013;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (Sattva\/Sato); Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa twa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Satta;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sattva is a living being, creature, person or sentient being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#26159;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#24773;&#12289;&#35211;&#32862;&#35258;&#30693;&#30340;&#29983;&#21629;&#39636;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#26377;&#24773;, &#34217;&#22517;,  Sattva&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sattva\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26377;&#24773;<\/span>&#12290;&nbsp;<br>&#32854;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;,  Bodhicitta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;<\/span>&#26997;&#29645;&#36020;&#65292;&#35576;&#26410;&#29983;&#36215;&#20196;&#29983;&#36215;&#12290;&#20196;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#19981;&#34928;&#36864;&#65292;&#36670;&#36681;&#22686;&#19978;&#24646;&#28363;&#38263;&#12290;<\/p><p>&#24460;&#35352;&#65306;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kyabje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027;, &#23562;&#32773;, &#30344;&#20381;&#20027; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22025;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab je)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;: skyabs rje&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyabje is a mark of respect reserved for the senior most lamas whose realization and powers are extraordinary. The term means lord (je, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;) of refuge (kyab, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;), signifying someone who, on account of his or her extraordinary realization, has the capacity to protect us from the suffering of samsara and its causes, the disturbing emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027; \/ &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&nbsp; &#26159;&#23565;&#35657;&#24735;&#33021;&#21147;&#38750;&#20961;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#23562;&#31281;, &#20182;&#26377;&#33021;&#21147;&#20445;&#35703;&#25105;&#20497;&#20813;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#21450;&#20854;&#25104;&#22240; (&#29033;&#24817;&#24773;&#32210;) &#25152;&#24118;&#20358;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab, &#22025;) &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(je, &#20625;) &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kyabje,  &#24601;&#20027;,  &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/kyabje\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24601;&#20027;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Khenchen, Great Khenpo&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#22570;&#24067; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22570;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3923;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (khenchen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khan chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Khenchen,  &#22570;&#21315;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/khenchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22570;&#21315;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26524;&#30889;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#38568;&#38918;&#20711;&#20439;&#24351;&#23376;&#19981;&#26039;&#30340;&#31048;&#35531;&#65292;&#24904;&#24754;&#25033;&#20801;&#22312;&#20170;&#24180;(2012&#24180;)1&#26376;5&#26085;&#26044;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sacred field, Sacred ground&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32854;&#22320;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ksetra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32854;&#22320;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/ksetra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#32854;&#22320;<\/span>&#33289;&#34892;&#31048;&#35531;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19978;&#24107;<\/span>&#20581;&#24247;&#38263;&#22781;&#38263;&#20037;&#20303;&#19990;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#29983;&#26085;&#30070;&#22825;(7&#26376;23&#26085;)&#26089;&#19978;&#65292;&#22810;&#20523;&#22810;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;TseChen, Most Loving; &#22823;&#24904;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23388;&#27453;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3962;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tse chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtse chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#22823;&#24904;,  TseChen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%93\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22823;&#24904;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26222;&#21033;<\/span>&#23416;&#20315;&#26371;&#30526;&#27861;&#21451;&#20497;&#65292;&#32858;&#38598;&#22312;&#23416;&#20315;&#26371;&#30340;&#20013;&#24515;&#65292;&#20808;&#20849;&#20462;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama Chopa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#34184;&#20379;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Lama Chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bla ma mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Lama Chopa (guru puja) was first written down in Tibetan verse by Panchen Lozang Ch&ouml;gyen based in secret oral teachings. It is a detailed meditation on all the stages of the path to enlightenment, including making&nbsp; offerings and requesting blessing from the lama or our guru.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It is normally practiced on each 10th and 25th of Tibetan calendar.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#34184;&#20379;&#26159;&#30001;&#29677;&#31146;&#27931;&#26705;&#31179;&#37329;&#26681;&#25818;&#31192;&#23494;&#30340;&#21475;&#20659;&#25945;&#32681;&#20197;&#34255;&#25991;&#32147;&#25991;&#23531;&#25104;&#30340;&#65292;&#23565;&#25152;&#26377;&#38542;&#27573;&#30340;&#35443;&#32048;&#31146;&#20462;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#19978;&#24107;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#31048;&#27714;&#21152;&#25345;&#65292;&#36890;&#24120;&#22312;&#34255;&#27511;10&#26085;&#21644;25&#26085;&#33289;&#34892;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Guru Puja,  &#19978;&#24107;&#34184;&#20379;,  Lama Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/guru-puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19978;&#24107;&#34184;&#20379;<\/span>&#65292;&#31048;&#35531;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19978;&#24107;<\/span>&#20581;&#24247;&#38263;&#22781;&#12289;&#38263;&#20037;&#20303;&#19990;&#65292;&#20849;&#20462;&#22291;&#28415;&#24460;&#31048;&#35531;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#32102;&#20104;&#20315;&#27861;&#38283;&#31034;&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#29983;&#26085;&#30070;&#22825;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#28023;&#22806;&#30340;&#24351;&#23376;&#20497;&#33289;&#34892;&#25918;&#29983;&#12289;&#30332;&#36215;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tsondru, Diligence, Perseverance; &#31934;&#36914;, &#21220;&#21193;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23562;&#29664;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tsondru); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtson &amp;#039;grus&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Virya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Perseverance (Virya paramita), diligence, is one of the Six Perfections and one of Eleven Virtuous States. Tsondru \/ Ts&ouml;ndr&uuml; \/ Tzondru is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23562;&#29664; \/ &#23562;&#20027;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Virya, Diligence, Perseverance, Tsondru, &#23562;&#29664;,  &#31934;&#36914;,  &#23562;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31934;&#36914;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Spiritual practice, Tukdam; &#20462;&#27861; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(tukdam);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thugs dam&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tukdam has multiple meanings: spiritual practice, meditation, spiritual pledge, commitment, tantric god. It is also a honorific term that refers to the meditative practice following the death of a great master.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22294;&#20811;&#20025;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;:&nbsp; &#31109;&#23450;; &#31048;&#31095;; &#20462;&#34892;; &#31070;&#22307;&#30340;&#22865;&#32422;; &#23432;&#25252;&#31070;; &#19968;&#20491;&#25964;&#35486;&#25351;&#22823;&#24107;&#21435;&#19990;&#24460;&#30340;&#31109;&#23450;&#26178;&#26399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Spiritual practice,  &#20462;&#27861;,  Tukdam&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20462;&#27861;<\/span>&#9472;&#20849;&#20462;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kyabje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027;, &#23562;&#32773;, &#30344;&#20381;&#20027; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22025;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab je)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;: skyabs rje&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyabje is a mark of respect reserved for the senior most lamas whose realization and powers are extraordinary. The term means lord (je, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;) of refuge (kyab, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;), signifying someone who, on account of his or her extraordinary realization, has the capacity to protect us from the suffering of samsara and its causes, the disturbing emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027; \/ &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&nbsp; &#26159;&#23565;&#35657;&#24735;&#33021;&#21147;&#38750;&#20961;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#23562;&#31281;, &#20182;&#26377;&#33021;&#21147;&#20445;&#35703;&#25105;&#20497;&#20813;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#21450;&#20854;&#25104;&#22240; (&#29033;&#24817;&#24773;&#32210;) &#25152;&#24118;&#20358;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab, &#22025;) &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(je, &#20625;) &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kyabje,  &#24601;&#20027;,  &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/kyabje\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24601;&#20027;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Khenchen, Great Khenpo&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#22570;&#24067; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22570;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3905;&#3923;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (khenchen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khan chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Khenchen,  &#22570;&#21315;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/khenchen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#22570;&#21315;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26524;&#30889;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#20303;&#19990;&#31048;&#35531;&#25991;&#27599;&#20154;&#23436;&#25104;100&#36941;&#65292;&#20197;&#22577;&#24107;&#24681;&#65292;&#20006;&#31048;&#35531;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Lama, Guru; &#19978;&#24107; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21895;&#22043;\/&#25289;&#40635;, &#22266;&#22914;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lama), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (guru); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Guru&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lama, Guru is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;&#65292;&#21895;&#22043;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20315;&#27861;&#32769;&#24107;&#30340;&#31281;&#34399;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#21895;&#22043;,  &#19978;&#24107;,  &#22266;&#22914;,  Guru,  Lama,  &#3906;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#3956;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/lama\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19978;&#24107;<\/span>&#20581;&#24247;&#38263;&#22781;&#12289;&#38263;&#20037;&#20303;&#19990;&#12289;&#24120;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Turn the wheel of Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#21513; &#25844;&#27931; &#26524;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(cho kyi kor low kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos kyi &amp;#039;khor lo bskor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;,  Turn the wheel of Dharma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/turn-the-wheel-of-dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#29983;&#26085;&#30340;&#30070;&#22825;&#65292;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sacred field, Sacred ground&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32854;&#22320;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ksetra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#32854;&#22320;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/ksetra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#32854;&#22320;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Gosok,  &#26524;&#30889;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#26524;&#30889;<\/span>&#25289;&#31456;&#30340;&#20711;&#30526;&#38656;&#21443;&#21152;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sera Monastery&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3851;&#3938; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sera)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;se ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sera Monastery is one of the three great Gelug university monasteries. It is located 2 km north of Lhasa. It was founded in 1419 by Sakya Yeshe, a disciple of Je Tsongkhapa. The name Sera came from the wild roses (&amp;quot;sera&amp;quot; in Tibetan) that covered the hill behind the monastery.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sera has developed over the centuries into a renowned Buddhist institution with 19 hermitages and four nunneries. Sera Me Tratsang is the oldest college within Sera. Sera Je College is the largest college in Sera. It has a famous Hayagriva statute, considered the protective deity of the monastery.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A parallel Sera has been established in Mysore, India, with more than 3,000 monks.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;&#26159;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#19977;&#22823;&#22823;&#23416;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20301;&#26044;&#25289;&#34217;&#24066;&#20197;&#21271;2&#20844;&#37324;&#34389;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#22823;&#24107;&#24351;&#23376;&#34217;&#36838;&#32822;&#21916;&#26044;1419&#24180;&#21109;&#31435;&#12290;&#33394;&#25289;&#20043;&#21517;&#20358;&#33258;&#26044;&#35206;&#33995;&#22312;&#23546;&#24460;&#23665;&#19978;&#30340;&#37326;&#29611;&#29808;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32147;&#36942;&#25976;&#20491;&#19990;&#32000;&#30340;&#30332;&#23637;&#65292;&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;&#24050;&#25104;&#28858;&#33879;&#21517;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#23416;&#24220;&#65292;&#25793;&#26377;19&#20491;&#38577;&#20462;&#34389;&#21644;&#22235;&#20491;&#23612;&#22993;&#23546;&#24287;&#12290;&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;&#20013;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#30340;&#23416;&#38498;&#26159;&#33394;&#25289;&#26151;&#32046;&#22530;&#65292;&#32780;&#33394;&#25289;&#21746;&#23416;&#38498;&#26159;&#20854;&#20013;&#26368;&#22823;&#30340;&#23416;&#38498;&#65292;&#23427;&#26377;&#19968;&#23562;&#33879;&#21517;&#30340;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579;&#20687;&#65292;&#28858;&#23546;&#24287;&#30340;&#23432;&#35703;&#31070;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#36993;&#32034;&#29246;&#24066;&#20063;&#24314;&#31435;&#20102;&#19968;&#20491;&#33287;&#20043;&#30456;&#20284;&#30340;&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;&#65292;&#26377;&#36229;&#36942;3,000&#21517;&#20711;&#20406;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;, Sera Monastery&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/sera\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#33394;&#25289;&#23546;<\/span>&#33289;&#34892;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20315;&#23542;, &#20315;&#38464;,  Buddha,  Sangye,  &#26705;&#20625;,  &#26705;&#30342;,  &#27491;&#35258;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20315;&#38464;<\/span>&#21021;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Turn the wheel of Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#21513; &#25844;&#27931; &#26524;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3904;&#4017;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3939;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3984;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(cho kyi kor low kor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos kyi &amp;#039;khor lo bskor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;,  Turn the wheel of Dharma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/turn-the-wheel-of-dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36681;&#27861;&#36650;<\/span>&#26085;&#30340;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja, Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;, &#20379;&#39178; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A puja (chopa) is a buddhist devotion, worship or offering ceremony dedicated to a buddha, a deity or one&amp;#039;s guru, inseparable from a Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26371;&#26159;&#23565;&#20315;&#38464;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#26412;&#23562;&#25110;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#20379;&#39178;&#21644;&#23815;&#25308;&#27963;&#21205;&#12290;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#27861;&#26371;, Puja, &#21371;&#24052;, Chopa&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#27861;&#26371;<\/span>&#65292;&#25925;&#25289;&#31456;&#30340;&#20711;&#30526;&#22312;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#29983;&#26085;&#38548;&#22825;&#28858;&#31048;&#31153;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;,  Rinpoche&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;<\/span>&#38263;&#20037;&#20303;&#19990;&#65292;&#20711;&#30526;&#20497;&#22312;&#23665;&#19978;&#25499;&#32147;&#24161;&#12289;&#29032;&#26705;&#12289;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Feast Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#34184;&#20379;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tsog khor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshogs &amp;#039;khor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ganacakra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tsog is a tantric practice, offering consecrated food including torma, alcohol and meat which are distributed to the participants at the end of the ritual.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34184;&#20379;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#23494;&#23447;&#20736;&#24335;&#65292;&#20379;&#22857;&#39135;&#29289;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#26421;&#29802;&#12289;&#37202;&#21644;&#32905;&#65292;&#22312;&#32080;&#26463;&#26178;&#20998;&#30332;&#32102;&#21443;&#33287;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Tsog,  &#34184;&#20379;,  Ganacakra,  Feast Offering&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/tsog\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#34184;&#20379;<\/span>&#12289;&#24565;&#35494;&#30333;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24230;&#27597;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Heart Mantra, Essence Mantra, Hrdaya Mantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24515;&#21650; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#27874;&#38597;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nying po ngag); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying po&amp;#039;i sngags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hrdaya Mantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Heart Mantra is the short form mantra of a deity.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Heart Mantra. Essence Mantra,  &#24515;&#21650;,  Hrdaya Mantra&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/heart-mantra\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24515;&#21650;<\/span>&#20006;&#33289;&#34892;&#30333;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;&#24230;&#27597;, &#21331;&#40635;, Dolma, , Tara&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#24230;&#27597;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Fire Puja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28779;&#20379;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4018;&#3962;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sbyin sreg&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A fire puja is a Vajrayana offering ritual to a tantric deity.&nbsp;There are four types of fire pujas corresponding to the four activities: pacifying, increasing, magnetizing, subjugating. A fire puja is often performed after an empowerment or completion of a retreat.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Many substances (such as oil or butter, torma, fresh wood sticks, sesame seeds, rice, mustard seed, barley, lentils, wheat, beans, honey kusha grass, flowers) are burned in the fire for the benefit of all beings. A small portion of the substances are offered to the fire god.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28779;&#20379;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20379;&#22857;&#26412;&#23562;&#30340;&#20736;&#24335;&#12290;&#28779;&#20379;&#20998;&#22235;&#31278;: &#24687;&#12289;&#22686;&#12289;&#25079;&#12289;&#35461;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Fire Puja,  &#28779;&#20379;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/fire-puja\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28779;&#20379;<\/span>&#12290;<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kunphen, Beneficial to all; &#26222;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26118;&#33452;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3956;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kunphen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;kun phan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&gt;Kunphen,  &#26222;&#21033;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/zh-hant\/glossary\/kunphen\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>kunphen<\/span>.com\/html\/2011\/gljy_0215\/115.html<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u516d\u79e9\u6649\u4e94\u83ef\u8a95\u795d\u58fd\u6cd5\u6703\u5c0d\u591a\u502b\u591a\u5f1f\u5b50\u958b\u793a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":377,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[920,560,340],"class_list":["post-4854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching","tag-chinese","tag-560","tag-kunphen-toronto"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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