{"id":4777,"date":"2025-03-08T04:35:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-08T09:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/?p=4777"},"modified":"2026-08-29T00:11:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T04:11:53","slug":"bodhicitta-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/bodhicitta-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Teaching on Bodhicitta Practice || \u89c0\u4fee\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4777\" class=\"elementor elementor-4777\" data-elementor-settings='{\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true}}' data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e99c89 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6e99c89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"position: relative;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d29d2af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading bdt-element-link\" data-id=\"d29d2af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/%EF%BC%8F\/bodhicitta-practice\/\" class=\"bdt-element-link-anchor bdt-position-cover\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;\" aria-label=\"Visit link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teaching on Bodhicitta Practice<br>\n&#35264;&#20462;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26041;&#27861;<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcba14 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data-settings='{\"content_between_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_text_align\":\"left\",\"heading_bottom_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_bottom_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"heading_bottom_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"separator_bottom_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"content_between_space_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"content_between_space_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]}}' data-widget_type=\"uael-table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-main-wrapper\" data-headings=\"h2,h3,h4\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-toc-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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tabindex=\"0\" class=\"uael-offcanvas-action elementor-clickable uael-offcanvas-trigger uael-offcanvas-icon-wrap\" data-offcanvas=\"8b784e1\"><span class=\"uael-offcanvas-icon-bg uael-offcanvas-icon  uael-offcanvas-action-alignment-left\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-list-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 32H48C21.49 32 0 53.49 0 80v352c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V80c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm-6 400H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V86a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h404a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v340a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm-42-92v24c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H204c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h200c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12zm0-96v24c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H204c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h200c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12zm0-96v24c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H204c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h200c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12zm-252 12c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36zm0 96c0 19.882-16.118 36-36 36s-36-16.118-36-36 16.118-36 36-36 36 16.118 36 36z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d1865 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23d1865\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e34a689 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-101058 elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e34a689\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Change Language | &#20999;&#25563;&#35486;&#35328; | <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sound, Language&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#38899;&#65292;&#35486;&#35328; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32102;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#3921;&#3851;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ke); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skad&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sound-3\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&#3942;&#3984;&#3921;&#3851;<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abbr of &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(yi ge)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20234;&#32102; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &#30340;&#31777;&#23531;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#20234;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (yik); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yig&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Seed Syllable, Letter, Bija; &#31278;&#23376;&#23383;, &#23383;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&#20234;&#32102;);&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84884&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;Tibetan Alphabet and numbers &#34255;&#25991;&#23383;&#27597;&#33287;&#25976;&#23383;:\n&amp;amp;lt;table width=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tbody&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3904; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td 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width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3909; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ca&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3910;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;cha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3911;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ja&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3913;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td 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width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3923;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;na&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3924; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;pa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3925;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;pha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3926;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ba&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3928;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ma&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3929; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;tsa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3930;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;tsha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3931;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;dza&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3933;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;wa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3934;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;zha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3935;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;za&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3936;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;#039;a&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3937;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ya&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3938;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ra&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3939;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;la&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3940;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;sha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3942;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;sa&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3943;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;ha&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;a&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3954;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;i&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3956;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;u&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;e&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3944;&#3964;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;o&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3872;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;laykor, 0&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3873;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;chig, 1&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3874;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;nyi, 2&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3875;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;sum, 3&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3876;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;zhi, 4&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3877;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;nga, 5&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3878;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;drug, 6&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3879;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;dun, 7&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3880;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;gyed, 8&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3881;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;td width=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;gu, 9&amp;amp;lt;\/td&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tr&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/tbody&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;\/table&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3942;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/tibetan\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;:&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3906;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(yi g&eacute;);&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=92862&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Wylie transliteration&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Wylie transliteration, designed by American Turrell V. Wylie in 1959, is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. It precisely transcribes Tibetan script as written but does not represent the modern pronunciation of Tibetan words.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&#26159;&#30001;&#29305;&#29790;&#29246;&middot;&#23041;&#21033;&#26044;1959&#24180;&#35373;&#35336;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#25991;&#36681;&#23531;&#31995;&#32113;, &#21482;&#29992;26&#20491;&#25289;&#19969;&#23383;&#27597;, &#20294;&#20006;&#19981;&#34920;&#29694;&#20195;&#34255;&#35486;&#30332;&#38899;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/wylie\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;:&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi ge&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=85035&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Sanskrit; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Sanskrit means &lsquo;polished&rsquo;. It is a language of ancient India, the primary language of Hindu and Mahayana Buddhism texts. It is more complex with larger vocabulary than Pali. It was spoken only in royal court by priests and intellectuals.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#26805;&#35486;&#21360;&#27472;&#35486;&#31995;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#30340;&#35486;&#35328;&#20043;&#19968;, &#28858;&#19968;&#31278;&#23416;&#34899;&#21644;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23560;&#38272;&#29992;&#35486;.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#26805;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/sanskrit\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sanskrit&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;:&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;b&#299;ja&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Seed syllables are used in&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84911&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;, &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Vajra&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Vajra, &#37329;&#21083;, Dorje, &#22810;&#20625;, Benza,  &#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=86324&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;theg pa&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Yana,  &#20056;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%90%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%82%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;visualization practices (often as part of&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84876&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Mantra; &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#21650;, &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;, &#30495;&#35328;&nbsp;(&#38597;)&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 15px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt; &#3942;&#3988;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;(ngak); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;sngags&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;A mantra is a group of sacred syllables (often Sanskrit) with spiritual powers to protect the mind of the practitioner. Mantras have most important role in tantra, representing deity, mandala, offering, blessing, energy, accomplishment, enlightened activity, shunyata, purification and wish fulfilling jewel.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#21650;&#35486;&#26159;&#21487;&#20197;&#20445;&#35703;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#24515;&#31070; (&#36890;&#24120;&#26805;&#25991;) &#30340;&#19968;&#27573;&#38899;&#31680;&#65292;&#22312;&#23494;&#23447;&#20013;&#25198;&#28436;&#33879;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35282;&#33394;&#65292;&#20195;&#34920;&#26412;&#23562;&#12289;&#26364;&#38464;&#32645;&#12289;&#20379;&#39178;&#12289;&#21152;&#25345;&#12289;&#33021;&#37327;&#12289;&#20107;&#26989;&#12289;&#25104;&#23601;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12289;&#28136;&#21270;&#21644;&#22914;&#24847;&#23542;&#31561;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Mantra,  &#26364;&#29305;&#32645;,  &#30495;&#35328;,  &#21650;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/mantra\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;mantra&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;s) as a metaphor for the cause of things and cognate with&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=86304&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Bindu&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#26126;&#40670;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3920;&#3954;&#3906;&#3851;&#3939;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt; (tigle); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;thig le&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;: Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;bindu&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;Bindu is the drop of pure energy visualized in Vajrayana practices.&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&#26126;&#40670;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#35264;&#24819;&#20462;&#25345;&#20013;&#30340;&#29699;&#24418;&#30340;&#32020;&#31929;&#33021;&#37327;&#12290;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Bindu,  &#26126;&#40670;,  Tigle&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/bindu\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;bindu&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31278;&#23376;&#23383;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=84868&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Vajrayana&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;, &#23494;&#23447;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt; (&#22810;&#21513;&#24503;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3851;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(dorje tekpa); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;rdo rje theg pa&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Vajray&#257;na, Mantray&#257;na, Guhyamantray&#257;na, Tantray&#257;na&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Vajrayana, (Diamond Vehicle, Thunderbolt Vehicle, Tantrayana, Mantrayana, Guhyamantrayana, Secret Mantra, Tantric Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism), is one of three main traditions of buddhism. All three share the ultimate goal of attaining enlightenment. Vajrayana views that the mind already has the fruition or resultant conditions of enlightenment but obscured by ignorance and other defilements. The path or method of Vajrayana is to identify with fruition mind and practice towards the cause of enlightenment. Its practices include empowerments, mantras, mudras, mandalas and visualizations of deities.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#23494;&#23447;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#19977;&#22823;&#20659;&#32113;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21029;&#21517;&#29978;&#22810; (&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#20315;&#25945;&#12289;&#31192;&#23494;&#25945;&#12289;&#31192;&#23494;&#20056;&#12289;&#23494;&#20056;&#12289;&#30495;&#35328;&#20056;&#12289;&#29788;&#20285;&#23494;&#25945;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#36650;&#12289;&#30495;&#35328;&#23447;)&#65292;&#32066;&#26997;&#30446;&#27161;&#37117;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#35469;&#28858;&#24515;&#24050;&#32147;&#26377;&#20102;&#35657;&#24735;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292;&#20294;&#34987;&#28961;&#26126;&#21644;&#20854;&#20182;&#29033;&#24817;&#25152;&#36974;&#34109;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20043;&#36947;&#25110;&#26041;&#27861;&#26159;&#20462;&#34892;&#35657;&#24735;&#20043;&#22240;&#65292;&#20462;&#25345;&#21253;&#25324;&#28748;&#38914;&#12289;&#21650;&#35486;&#12289;&#25163;&#21360;&#12289;&#22727;&#22478;&#21644;&#35264;&#24819;&#26412;&#23562;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#23494;&#21650;&#20056;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;, &#23494;&#23447;, &#23494;&#20056;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#20315;&#25945;, &#31192;&#23494;&#25945;, &#30495;&#35328;&#20056;, &#29788;&#20285;&#23494;&#25945;, &#37329;&#21083;&#36650;, &#30495;&#35328;&#23447;, Vajrayana. Diamond Vehicle, Thunderbolt Vehicle, Mantrayana, Guhyamantrayana, Secret Mantra, Guhyamantrayana, Tantric Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism, diamond vehicle, thunderbolt vehicle&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/vajrayana\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#65292;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=86173&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Visualize&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt; Visualize,  &#35264;&#24819;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#34395;&#31354;&#65292;&#33258;&#19968;&#31278;&#23376;&#23383;&#29983;&#22810;&#23383;&#21450;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=85743&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Thaye, Infinite&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#28961;&#38480; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;(&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;); Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&#3928;&#3920;&#3936;&#3851;&#3937;&#3942;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&nbsp;(ta ye); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;mtha&amp;amp;#039; yas&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Thaye is a common Tibetan name.\n&#20182;&#32822;\/&#22612;&#32822;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#65292;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;Infinite,  &#28961;&#38480;,  &#20182;&#32822;,  Thaye &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/thaye\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; data-mobile-support=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-gt-translate-attributes=&amp;quot;[{&amp;quot;attribute&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;data-cmtooltip&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;format&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;html&amp;quot;}]&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#28961;&#38480;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#65292;&#29983;&#36650;, &#20809;,&nbsp;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;box-sizing: border-box; --bdt-inverse: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid #1e73be; text-decoration: none !important;&amp;quot; tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; role=&amp;quot;link&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;tt&amp;quot; data-cmtooltip=&amp;quot;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemEditlink&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;amp;quot;https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=85053&amp;amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;quot; target=&amp;amp;quot;_blank&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;Edit term&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;#039;cmtt-audio-player &amp;#039;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=&amp;#039;wp-embedded-audio&amp;#039; href=&amp;#039;http:\/\/en&amp;#039;&amp;gt;en&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;amp;quot;clear&amp;amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Deity, Yidam&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt; &#26412;&#23562;; &amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;amp;lt;span style=&amp;amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;gt; (yidam); Wylie: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;yi dam&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;Devata;&amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;In Vajrayana, a Yidam is a manifestation of enlightened mind or Buddha form. A Yidam can have multiple faces, arms and legs and can appear in peaceful or wrathful form.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;Chakrasamvara, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja, Cakrasamvara, Hevajra, Yamantaka, and Vajrayogini, Hayagriva, Vajrakilaya, Kurukulla, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Tara and Dzambhala are some of the most common well known Yidams.&amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;&#26159;&#23494;&#27861;&#20315;&#24615;&#30340;&#39023;&#29694;&#65292;&#20462;&#27861;&#35264;&#24819;&#30340;&#23565;&#22659;&#12290;&#26368;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#26412;&#23562;&#21253;&#25324;&#21213;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#26178;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#23494;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#36650;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#21916;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#22823;&#23041;&#24503;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#29788;&#20285;&#27597;&#12289;&#39340;&#38957;&#26126;&#29579; &#26222;&#24052;&#37329;&#21083;&#12289;&#20316;&#26126;&#20315;&#27597;&#12289;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#12289;&#24230;&#27597;&#12289;&#36106;&#24052;&#25289;&#31561;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_wrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms_title&amp;gt;Synonyms &#21516;&#32681;&#35422;: &amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=cmtt_synonyms&amp;gt;&#26412;&#23562;,  Devata,  Yidam,  Deity&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/yidam\/  target=_blank&amp;gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;quot; 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Please select your language from the language switching menu above.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21c1b8f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"21c1b8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f76f959 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f76f959\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c6708e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c6708e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kyabje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027;, &#23562;&#32773;, &#30344;&#20381;&#20027; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22025;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab je)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;: skyabs rje&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyabje is a mark of respect reserved for the senior most lamas whose realization and powers are extraordinary. The term means lord (je, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;) of refuge (kyab, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;), signifying someone who, on account of his or her extraordinary realization, has the capacity to protect us from the suffering of samsara and its causes, the disturbing emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24601;&#20027; \/ &#30344;&#20381;&#20027;&nbsp; &#26159;&#23565;&#35657;&#24735;&#33021;&#21147;&#38750;&#20961;&#30340;&#26368;&#39640;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#23562;&#31281;, &#20182;&#26377;&#33021;&#21147;&#20445;&#35703;&#25105;&#20497;&#20813;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#21450;&#20854;&#25104;&#22240; (&#29033;&#24817;&#24773;&#32210;) &#25152;&#24118;&#20358;&#30340;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3926;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(kyab, &#22025;) &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#30344;&#20381;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(je, &#20625;) &#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#19978;&#24107;.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/kyabje\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Kyabje<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Gosok; &#26524;&#30889;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#3964;&#3851;&#3942;&#3964;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gosok)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgo sog;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\nOrigin of &amp;quot;Gosok&amp;quot;: The first incarnation of Gosok Rinpoche was a Mongolian, Dondrup Gyatso. He was Abbot of Gomang College in Drepung Monastery, one of the three main Gelugpa monastic universities. He was a well known Buddhist scholar with extraordinary realization. Rinpoche&amp;#039;s name came from &amp;quot;Go&amp;#039; of Gomang and &amp;quot;Sok&amp;quot;, Tibetan pronunciation of Mongolian.\n&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21517;&#23383;&#30001;&#20358;: &#31532;&#19968;&#19990;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#65292;&#26412;&#21517;&#25958;&#29664;&#22025;&#25514;&#65292;&#26159;&#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#12290;&#21407;&#26159;&#25289;&#34217;&#19977;&#22823;&#23546;&#20043;&#19968;&#21746;&#34444;&#23546;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&#20303;&#25345;(&#21746;&#37030;&#23546;&#23546;&#20839;&#21407;&#26377;&#19971;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;&#65288;&#32147;&#23416;&#38498;&#65289;&#65292;&#24460;&#21512;&#20006;&#28858;&#27931;&#33394;&#26519;&#12289;&#26524;&#33725;&#12289;&#24503;&#25562;&#12289;&#38463;&#24052;&#22235;&#22823;&#21124;&#20489;)&#65292;&#21338;&#23416;&#22810;&#32862;&#65292;&#25945;&#35657;&#20855;&#36275;&#65292;&#29554;&#31532;&#20116;&#19990;&#23562;&#32773;&#20219;&#21629;&#20027;&#25345;&#35199;&#34255;&#26481;&#37096;&#26684;&#39791;&#27966;&#37325;&#35201;&#23546;&#38498;&#29702;&#22616;&#23546;(&#29694;&#31281;&amp;quot;&#38263;&#38738;.&#26149;&#31185;&#29246;&#23546;&rdquo;)&#12290; &amp;quot;&#26524;&rdquo;&#26159;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#33426;&#20711;&#38498;&rdquo;&#30340;&#26524;&#65292; &#33945;&#21476;&#20154;&#30340;&#34255;&#38899;&amp;quot;&#30889;&rdquo;&#25773;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#23562;&#31281;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#28858;&amp;quot;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&rdquo;&#65292;&#19968;&#30452;&#27839;&#29992;&#33267;&#20170;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/gosok\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Gosok<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rinpoche; &#20161;&#27874;&#20999;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(rinpoche)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rin po che;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rinpoche means &amp;quot;precious one&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;jewel&amp;quot;. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is a way of showing respect when addressing those recognized as reincarnated, respected, learned and\/or an accomplished Lamas or teachers of the Dharma. It is also used as an honorific for abbots of monasteries. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Rimpoche, Rimpoche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999; (&#23527;&#27874;&#36554; \/ &#20161;&#27874;&#36554;) &#30340;&#24847;&#35695;&#26159;&#12300;&#29645;&#23542;&#12301;, &#26159;&#23565;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#19978;&#24107;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#23562;&#31281;,&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#21487;&#20197;&#26159;&#34987;&#35469;&#35657;&#30340;&#36681;&#19990;&#32773;&#25110;&#26159;&#26377;&#24456;&#39640;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a2%e0%bd%b2%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%94%e0%bd%bc%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%ba\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Rinpoche<\/span><br>Teaching on <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> Practice<\/strong><\/span><\/p><h3>One: Essence of Bodhicitta<\/h3><p>As the great master <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shantideva, Bhusuku; &#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (&#21830;&#22320;&#22042;&#29926;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3939;&#4023;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Zhiwa Lha); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Santideva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Shantideva (675-725) was an Indian Buddhist mahasiddha, the &amp;quot;Idle Monk&amp;quot;, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters and one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas. His most renowned work was Bodhicaryavatara or &amp;quot;A Guide to the Bodhisattva&amp;#039;s Way of Life&amp;quot;....\n&#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (675-725) &#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20013;&#35264;&#25033;&#25104;&#27966;&#33879;&#21517;&#20315;&#25945;&#23416;&#32773;, &#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#12298;&#20837;&#33769;&#34217;&#34892;&#35542;&#12299;&#30340;&#20316;&#32773;....&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shantideva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shantideva<\/span> once said:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&ldquo;The teachings imparted by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakyamuni<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>, the teacher of gods and humans, have as their essence <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>&mdash;the aspiration to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> for the benefit of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. Just as butter is the essence extracted from milk, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> is the essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>.&rdquo;<\/p><p>The presence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya, Discipline&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27607;&#22856;&#32822;, &#24459;&#34255;, &#32000;&#24459;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dulwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dul ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vinaya, the first of the Tripitaka, It is a collection of Buddhist scriptures containing the rules and procedures that govern the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24459;&#34255;&#26159;&#19977;&#34255;&#32147;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#37096;&#65292;&#31649;&#29702;&#20315;&#25945;&#20711;&#22296;&#30340;&#35215;&#21063;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/vinaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vinaya<\/span> (monastic discipline) in the world is determined by whether the individual <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SilaParamita, Perfection of Morality,&nbsp; Precept, Ethics, Virtue, Tsultrim; &#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;, &#25106;&#24459;, &#36947;&#24503; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26970;&#33251;\/&#21021;&#31281;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3905;&#4018;&#3954;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Tshul trim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshul khrims&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#346;&#299;lap&#257;ramit&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The perfection of morality is the second of the six perfections practiced by bodhisattvas on the path to full awakening. It refers to the sustained commitment to ethical conduct that is grounded in mindfulness, conscience, and compassion for others. Unlike the mere observance of rules, this perfection involves training the mind to naturally refrain from harmful actions and to engage in virtuous deeds with pure motivation. The perfection of morality is traditionally divided into three types: the morality of restraint (keeping the precepts and avoiding non-virtue), the morality of gathering virtuous qualities (actively cultivating wholesome mental states), and the morality of working for the welfare of beings (engaging in compassionate action). This perfection is considered the foundation upon which all other perfections depend, as a mind that is ethically pure becomes stable, tranquil, and receptive to deeper meditative insight and wisdom.\nTsultrim is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Tshultrim&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#20845;&#24230;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#20108;&#24230;&#65292;&#25351;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#20197;&#27491;&#24565;&#12289;&#24922;&#24871;&#24515;&#33287;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#28858;&#22522;&#30990;&#65292;&#25345;&#32396;&#23432;&#25345;&#28165;&#28136;&#25106;&#24459;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#20462;&#25345;&#12290;&#27492;&#24230;&#36229;&#36234;&#20102;&#22806;&#22312;&#34892;&#28858;&#35215;&#31684;&#30340;&#23652;&#27425;&#65292;&#26356;&#22312;&#26044;&#35347;&#32244;&#33258;&#24515;&#33258;&#28982;&#22320;&#36960;&#38626;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#65292;&#20006;&#20197;&#32020;&#28136;&#21205;&#27231;&#34892;&#25345;&#21892;&#27861;&#12290;&#25345;&#25106;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#20659;&#32113;&#19978;&#20998;&#28858;&#19977;&#31278;&#65306;&#24459;&#20736;&#25106;&#65288;&#25345;&#23432;&#25106;&#24459;&#12289;&#36960;&#38626;&#19981;&#21892;&#65289;&#12289;&#25885;&#21892;&#27861;&#25106;&#65288;&#31309;&#26997;&#22521;&#39178;&#21892;&#27861;&#21151;&#24503;&#65289;&#33287;&#39250;&#30410;&#26377;&#24773;&#25106;&#65288;&#20197;&#21033;&#20182;&#24515;&#34892;&#21033;&#30410;&#30526;&#29983;&#65289;&#12290;&#27492;&#24230;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#20854;&#39192;&#35576;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#65292;&#22240;&#21807;&#26377;&#25345;&#25106;&#28165;&#28136;&#30340;&#24515;&#26041;&#33021;&#29554;&#24471;&#31337;&#23450;&#33287;&#23527;&#38748;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#26356;&#28145;&#23652;&#30340;&#31146;&#23450;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#26970;&#33251; \/ &#21021;&#31281;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/silaparamita\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">precept<\/span>s still exist. Similarly, the existence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism is judged by whether <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> continues to be taught and practiced.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> has two main aspects:<\/p><ol><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Altruism<\/span> : The wish to benefit others.<\/li><li>Attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi \/ Perfect Enlightenment \/ Complete Perfect Awakening \/ Unsurpassable Enlightened One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27491;&#36941;&#30693;\/&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yang-dak-p&eacute; chang-chub); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: yang dag pa&amp;#039;i byang chub; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SamyakSambuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi, Perfect enlightenment, is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha. It refers to the highest, unsurpassed state of awakening attained by a buddha. The term literally means &amp;quot;correct, complete awakening,&amp;quot; indicating that this state is fully accurate and all-encompassing. It is the direct and perfect realization of the nature of all phenomena as empty of inherent existence, combined with the complete eradication of all defilements and the perfection of all excellent qualities. This awakening is distinguished from the partial realization of a hearer or solitary realizer, as it includes both the wisdom of emptiness and the great compassion that spontaneously works for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term is often expanded to &amp;quot;unsurpassed perfect enlightenment,&amp;quot; which emphasizes that there is no higher or more complete state of awakening beyond this.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#25152;&#35657;&#24471;&#30340;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#12289;&#26368;&#22291;&#28415;&#20043;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35258;&#24735;&#20013;&#26368;&#28858;&#27491;&#30906;&#32780;&#21608;&#36941;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#27491;&#31561;&#12301;&#65307;&#20854;&#26368;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#12289;&#28961;&#26377;&#26356;&#19978;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#35258;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22659;&#30028;&#21253;&#21547;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#28961;&#33258;&#24615;&#20043;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#29694;&#35657;&#65292;&#24505;&#24213;&#26039;&#30433;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#38556;&#33287;&#25152;&#30693;&#38556;&#65292;&#20006;&#22291;&#28415;&#25104;&#23601;&#19968;&#20999;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#32882;&#32862;&#32227;&#35258;&#20043;&#20559;&#31354;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20035;&#21516;&#26178;&#20855;&#36275;&#24754;&#26234;&#38617;&#36939;&#20043;&#22291;&#28415;&#26524;&#20301;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#24460;&#33021;&#20219;&#36939;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samyak-sambuddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Perfect Enlightenment<\/span> : The aspiration to achieve the fully awakened state of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood.<\/li><\/ol><p>The aspiration to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi \/ Perfect Enlightenment \/ Complete Perfect Awakening \/ Unsurpassable Enlightened One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27491;&#36941;&#30693;\/&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yang-dak-p&eacute; chang-chub); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: yang dag pa&amp;#039;i byang chub; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SamyakSambuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi, Perfect enlightenment, is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha. It refers to the highest, unsurpassed state of awakening attained by a buddha. The term literally means &amp;quot;correct, complete awakening,&amp;quot; indicating that this state is fully accurate and all-encompassing. It is the direct and perfect realization of the nature of all phenomena as empty of inherent existence, combined with the complete eradication of all defilements and the perfection of all excellent qualities. This awakening is distinguished from the partial realization of a hearer or solitary realizer, as it includes both the wisdom of emptiness and the great compassion that spontaneously works for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term is often expanded to &amp;quot;unsurpassed perfect enlightenment,&amp;quot; which emphasizes that there is no higher or more complete state of awakening beyond this.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#25152;&#35657;&#24471;&#30340;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#12289;&#26368;&#22291;&#28415;&#20043;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35258;&#24735;&#20013;&#26368;&#28858;&#27491;&#30906;&#32780;&#21608;&#36941;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#27491;&#31561;&#12301;&#65307;&#20854;&#26368;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#12289;&#28961;&#26377;&#26356;&#19978;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#35258;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22659;&#30028;&#21253;&#21547;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#28961;&#33258;&#24615;&#20043;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#29694;&#35657;&#65292;&#24505;&#24213;&#26039;&#30433;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#38556;&#33287;&#25152;&#30693;&#38556;&#65292;&#20006;&#22291;&#28415;&#25104;&#23601;&#19968;&#20999;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#32882;&#32862;&#32227;&#35258;&#20043;&#20559;&#31354;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20035;&#21516;&#26178;&#20855;&#36275;&#24754;&#26234;&#38617;&#36939;&#20043;&#22291;&#28415;&#26524;&#20301;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#24460;&#33021;&#20219;&#36939;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samyak-sambuddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perfect enlightenment<\/span> stems from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span> practitioners&rsquo; desire to achieve the peace of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>. Both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span> practitioners seek <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>, but <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners go further by cultivating an altruistic spirit that seeks not only their own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> but also the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering. This altruistic spirit, born of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, enables <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners to abandon self-centered concerns. In contrast, the noble ones of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span>&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hearer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24180;&#29305;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3923;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nyan to); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyan thos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Savaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka, &amp;quot;Hearer&amp;quot;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; refers to a follower of the early Buddhist path who seeks personal liberation from cyclic existence by listening to the teachings of a Buddha and practicing accordingly. The term literally means &amp;quot;one who hears,&amp;quot; indicating that such practitioners receive the Dharma directly from a teacher and strive for the state of an arhat. The shravaka path is characterized by the cultivation of renunciation, ethical discipline, and insight into the nature of reality, with the primary motivation of ending one&amp;#039;s own suffering. In the Mahayana framework, this path is considered the lesser vehicle when compared to the bodhisattva path, as it focuses primarily on individual liberation rather than the liberation of all beings. Nevertheless, the shravaka teachings are respected as a genuine and valid path to liberation and form the foundation upon which the Mahayana path is built.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&#25351;&#32893;&#32862;&#20315;&#38464;&#32882;&#25945;&#32780;&#20381;&#20043;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#20854;&#23383;&#32681;&#28858;&#12300;&#32893;&#32862;&#32773;&#12301;&#65292;&#34920;&#26126;&#27492;&#39006;&#34892;&#32773;&#32147;&#30001;&#30452;&#25509;&#24478;&#24107;&#38263;&#32893;&#21463;&#27491;&#27861;&#65292;&#31934;&#36914;&#20462;&#34892;&#20197;&#35657;&#24471;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#30340;&#29305;&#33394;&#22312;&#26044;&#20462;&#32722;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#12289;&#25345;&#23432;&#25106;&#24459;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#36890;&#36948;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#21205;&#27231;&#28858;&#32066;&#32080;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#20998;&#39006;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#22240;&#20197;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#30456;&#36611;&#26044;&#20197;&#21033;&#20182;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#65292;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#23567;&#20056;&#12290;&#28982;&#32780;&#65292;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#20173;&#34987;&#23562;&#28858;&#30495;&#23526;&#19988;&#26377;&#25928;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#36947;&#65292;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#27861;&#24471;&#20197;&#24314;&#31435;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shravaka\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sravaka<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Solitary Realizer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#35258;, &#29544;&#35258;, &#36767;&#25903;&#20315; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (rang gyal); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang rgyal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratyekabuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pratyekabuddhas, Solitary Realizer, studies and meditates on the teachings of the Buddha including the twelve links of interdependent origination and attains realization without relying on a teacher.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#36767;&#25903;&#20315;&#65292;&#32227;&#35258; &#30001;&#23487;&#19990;&#31119;&#24503;&#65292;&#20462;&#21313;&#20108;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/solitary-realizer\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Pratyekabuddha<\/span>s&mdash;may dwell in the peace of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span> for countless eons.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners, however, contemplate the perfect qualities of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">form body<\/span> (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rupakaya<\/span>), which can manifest in various forms according to the karmic conditions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, thereby guiding them to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>. Thus, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners neither dwell in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> nor in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>, a key distinction that makes <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings superior to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span> teachings.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners must also reflect deeply: unless they attain the perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rupakaya<\/span> of a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>, they cannot fully benefit <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. With this motivation, they generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h4>The Deeper Meaning of Altruism<\/h4><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> arises from the spirit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>, which must be cultivated through continuous practice of loving-kindness and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. This involves removing all suffering from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> and helping them attain every form of happiness.<\/p><p>The suffering <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> face and the happiness they seek are not limited to temporary pain or fleeting pleasure. Instead, one must assist <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> in purifying their minds of greed, hatred, and ignorance, eliminating karmic obscurations, and eradicating the seeds of habitual <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s. This leads to the generation of realizations at each stage of the path, culminating in the ultimate attainment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. Without such comprehensive effort, the spirit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> would remain superficial and temporary, unable to fully benefit all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Stages of Generating Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>If practitioners wish to bestow temporary and ultimate happiness upon all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, they must first eliminate all faults within themselves and attain the perfect qualities of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharmakaya, Truth Body, Reality Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#12289;&#30495;&#23526;&#36523; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#21371;&#22266;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dharmak&#257;ya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dharmakaya is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. It is the truth body of a buddha, the ultimate nature of a enlightened mind. It is pure, transcendental, blissful, eternal without specific, manifested aspect or physical form, beyond duality, space and time.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#27861;&#36523;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#36523;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20315;&#25152;&#35657;&#39511;&#30340;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#36941;&#21450;&#27861;&#30028;&#65292;&#27861;&#36523;&#26412;&#20358;&#28165;&#28136;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#24418;&#35937;&#65292;&#30524;&#19981;&#21487;&#35211;&#65292;&#19981;&#29983;&#19981;&#28357;&#12289;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharmakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dharmakaya<\/span>. To manifest in various forms suited to the karmic conditions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, practitioners must also attain the perfect qualities of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Form Body&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3935;&#3956;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3984;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (zug ku); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gzugs sku&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rupakaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rupakaya, form body, is sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya of the three kayas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33394;&#36523;&#26159;&#22577;&#36523;&#21644;&#21270;&#36523;&#65292;&#35531;&#21443;&#38321;&amp;quot;&#19977;&#36523;&amp;quot;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rupakaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rupakaya<\/span>. This is the sequential process of generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Transcending Samsara and Nirvana<\/h4><p>If practitioners dwell in the peace of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>, they cannot fully accomplish the work of benefiting others. Therefore, motivated by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>, they do not abide in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>. Furthermore, because they aspire to attain full <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood, they also do not dwell in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners, inspired by the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to &ldquo;attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood for the sake of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>,&rdquo; transcend both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37312;&#24180;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3851;&#3908;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nya ngen de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mya ngan &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nirv&#257;&#7751;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nibbana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28037;&#27075;&#23383;&#38754;&#19978;&#24847;&#32681;&#26159;&#29060;&#28357;&#12289;&#28165;&#28092;&#12290;&#27963;&#22312;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#30340;&#20154;&#21487;&#20197;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#65292;&#27490;&#24687;&#30171;&#33510;&#12289;&#25850;&#33067;&#26989;&#21147;&#65292;&#29554;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nirvana means extinguished, or cool. Nirvana is the cessation of suffering and the liberation from karma in Samsara.&nbsp; Individuals can attain the state of Nirvana and enlightenment through Buddha Dharma practices.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/nirvana-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nirvana<\/span>, abiding in neither.<\/p><h4>Mahayana Mind<\/h4><p>The mind of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism must include both <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> and the aspiration to attain supreme <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span>; neither can be lacking. Practitioners who seek only their own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> cannot be considered <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioners.<\/p><p>Although the noble ones of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tek men); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg dman&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hinayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A Hinayana (means small vehicle, foundational, or basic vehicle) Buddhist follower aspires to personal liberation of nirvana. Hinayana is further divided into Shravakayana (hearer vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayana (solitary realizer vehicle).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#23567;&#20056;&#24351;&#23376;&#31435;&#24535;&#28858;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;. &#23567;&#20056;&#20998;&#28858;&#21448;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#21644;&#29544;&#35258;&#20056;.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/hinayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hinayana<\/span>&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hearer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24180;&#29305;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3923;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nyan to); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyan thos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Savaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka, &amp;quot;Hearer&amp;quot;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; refers to a follower of the early Buddhist path who seeks personal liberation from cyclic existence by listening to the teachings of a Buddha and practicing accordingly. The term literally means &amp;quot;one who hears,&amp;quot; indicating that such practitioners receive the Dharma directly from a teacher and strive for the state of an arhat. The shravaka path is characterized by the cultivation of renunciation, ethical discipline, and insight into the nature of reality, with the primary motivation of ending one&amp;#039;s own suffering. In the Mahayana framework, this path is considered the lesser vehicle when compared to the bodhisattva path, as it focuses primarily on individual liberation rather than the liberation of all beings. Nevertheless, the shravaka teachings are respected as a genuine and valid path to liberation and form the foundation upon which the Mahayana path is built.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&#25351;&#32893;&#32862;&#20315;&#38464;&#32882;&#25945;&#32780;&#20381;&#20043;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#20854;&#23383;&#32681;&#28858;&#12300;&#32893;&#32862;&#32773;&#12301;&#65292;&#34920;&#26126;&#27492;&#39006;&#34892;&#32773;&#32147;&#30001;&#30452;&#25509;&#24478;&#24107;&#38263;&#32893;&#21463;&#27491;&#27861;&#65292;&#31934;&#36914;&#20462;&#34892;&#20197;&#35657;&#24471;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#30340;&#29305;&#33394;&#22312;&#26044;&#20462;&#32722;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#12289;&#25345;&#23432;&#25106;&#24459;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#36890;&#36948;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#21205;&#27231;&#28858;&#32066;&#32080;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#20998;&#39006;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#22240;&#20197;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#30456;&#36611;&#26044;&#20197;&#21033;&#20182;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#65292;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#23567;&#20056;&#12290;&#28982;&#32780;&#65292;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#20173;&#34987;&#23562;&#28858;&#30495;&#23526;&#19988;&#26377;&#25928;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#36947;&#65292;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#27861;&#24471;&#20197;&#24314;&#31435;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shravaka\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sravaka<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Solitary Realizer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#35258;, &#29544;&#35258;, &#36767;&#25903;&#20315; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (rang gyal); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang rgyal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratyekabuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pratyekabuddhas, Solitary Realizer, studies and meditates on the teachings of the Buddha including the twelve links of interdependent origination and attains realization without relying on a teacher.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#36767;&#25903;&#20315;&#65292;&#32227;&#35258; &#30001;&#23487;&#19990;&#31119;&#24503;&#65292;&#20462;&#21313;&#20108;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/solitary-realizer\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Pratyekabuddha<\/span>s&mdash;also hold that their practices and attainments are ultimately for the benefit of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, the fruits they achieve are not the supreme and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi \/ Perfect Enlightenment \/ Complete Perfect Awakening \/ Unsurpassable Enlightened One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27491;&#36941;&#30693;\/&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yang-dak-p&eacute; chang-chub); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: yang dag pa&amp;#039;i byang chub; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SamyakSambuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi, Perfect enlightenment, is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha. It refers to the highest, unsurpassed state of awakening attained by a buddha. The term literally means &amp;quot;correct, complete awakening,&amp;quot; indicating that this state is fully accurate and all-encompassing. It is the direct and perfect realization of the nature of all phenomena as empty of inherent existence, combined with the complete eradication of all defilements and the perfection of all excellent qualities. This awakening is distinguished from the partial realization of a hearer or solitary realizer, as it includes both the wisdom of emptiness and the great compassion that spontaneously works for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term is often expanded to &amp;quot;unsurpassed perfect enlightenment,&amp;quot; which emphasizes that there is no higher or more complete state of awakening beyond this.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#25152;&#35657;&#24471;&#30340;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#12289;&#26368;&#22291;&#28415;&#20043;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35258;&#24735;&#20013;&#26368;&#28858;&#27491;&#30906;&#32780;&#21608;&#36941;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#27491;&#31561;&#12301;&#65307;&#20854;&#26368;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#12289;&#28961;&#26377;&#26356;&#19978;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#35258;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22659;&#30028;&#21253;&#21547;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#28961;&#33258;&#24615;&#20043;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#29694;&#35657;&#65292;&#24505;&#24213;&#26039;&#30433;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#38556;&#33287;&#25152;&#30693;&#38556;&#65292;&#20006;&#22291;&#28415;&#25104;&#23601;&#19968;&#20999;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#32882;&#32862;&#32227;&#35258;&#20043;&#20559;&#31354;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20035;&#21516;&#26178;&#20855;&#36275;&#24754;&#26234;&#38617;&#36939;&#20043;&#22291;&#28415;&#26524;&#20301;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#24460;&#33021;&#20219;&#36939;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samyak-sambuddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perfect enlightenment<\/span> of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. Therefore, only by combining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> with the aspiration for supreme <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> can one become a true <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> practitioner.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(Jampa)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3928;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampe Gonpo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa mgon po&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya, Ajita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Maitreya is currently a bodhisattva and will achieve enlightenment and become a future Buddha of this world. Ajita is an alternate name of Maitreya in Amitabha Sutra and&nbsp; Lotus Sutra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#30340;&#32380;&#20219;&#32773;&#65292;&#23559;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#23057;&#23110;&#19990;&#30028;&#38477;&#29983;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/maitreya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Maitreya<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span> once taught: &ldquo;Seek <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">enlightenment<\/span> through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>.&rdquo; This succinctly captures the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>: <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span> combined with the aspiration to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. By generating a strong motivation to benefit others, practitioners naturally develop the wish to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood so they can possess the capacity to benefit all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><h3><strong>Two: Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction<\/strong><\/h3><h4>Lineage of the Teachings<\/h4><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakyamuni<\/span>, transmitted countless methods for cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. These teachings can be broadly categorized into two main lineages:<\/p><ol><li>Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction<\/li><li>Exchanging Self and Others<\/li><\/ol><p>The Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction was taught by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(Jampa)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, &#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3928;&#3906;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampe Gonpo); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa mgon po&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Maitreya, Ajita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Maitreya is currently a bodhisattva and will achieve enlightenment and become a future Buddha of this world. Ajita is an alternate name of Maitreya in Amitabha Sutra and&nbsp; Lotus Sutra.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24396;&#21202;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#30340;&#32380;&#20219;&#32773;&#65292;&#23559;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#23057;&#23110;&#19990;&#30028;&#38477;&#29983;&#25104;&#20315;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/maitreya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Maitreya<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span> in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Ut<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara, Dolma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21331;&#40635; \/ &#21331;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3964;&#3939;&#3851;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dolma); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sgrol ma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tara is a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.&nbsp;In Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism, tara is a most important and popular deity. Tara was born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara and considered as the mother of all the buddhas.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dolma is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Drolma, Dr&ouml;lma, D&ouml;lma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24230;&#27597;&#26159;&#35264;&#19990;&#38899;&#33769;&#34217;&#28122;&#27700;&#20013;&#20986;&#29983;&#65292;&#22905;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#27597;&#35242;&#65292;&#22570;&#31281;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35576;&#20315;&#20107;&#26989;&#30340;&#32317;&#38598;&#39636;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19968;&#20999;&#24687;&#22686;&#25079;&#35461;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28415;&#30526;&#29983;&#19968;&#20999;&#24515;&#39000;&#12290;&#24230;&#27597;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#28961;&#30031;&#30340;&#21191;&#32773;&#65292;&#25703;&#28357;&#39764;&#25854;&#29305;&#21029;&#21191;&#29467;&#65292;&#21152;&#25345;&#21147;&#36805;&#36895;&#36229;&#21213;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#23562;&#32773;&#38283;&#31034;&#24230;&#27597;&#27861;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65306;\n&#19968;&#12289;&#33021;&#36991;&#28797;&#35299;&#21380;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#25136;&#29229;&#12289;&#30142;&#30123;&#21644;&#19968;&#20999;&#20663;&#23475;&#24962;&#24817;&#12290;\n&#20108;&#12289;&#22686;&#30410;&#21513;&#31077;&#65292;&#36001;&#23500;&#12289;&#22781;&#21629;&#12289;&#31119;&#22577;&#33287;&#23376;&#21987;&#12290;\n&#19977;&#12289;&#24291;&#32080;&#21892;&#32227;&#12289;&#27402;&#21218;&#22320;&#20301;&#23500;&#36275;&#12290;\n&#22235;&#12289;&#30772;&#38500;&#24616;&#25973;&#39764;&#38556;&#12289;&#36949;&#32227;&#36870;&#22659;&#12290;\n&#20116;&#12289;&#20197;&#27627;&#19981;&#25079;&#30097;&#24515;&#20462;&#27861;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#28415;&#39000;&#38918;&#36930;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21331;&#29802; \/ &#21331;&#40635;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tara<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span> Shastra (<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ratnagotravibhaga, Analysis of the Jeweled Lineage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23542;&#24615;&#35542;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3942;&#3999;&#3923;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3964;&#3942;,&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#4019;&#3851;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ratnagotravibh&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Ratnagotravibhaga&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;, commonly known as the&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Uttaratantra&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp;or&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Gy&uuml; Lama&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp;in Tibetan, is one of the most influential Indian treatises on buddha-nature theory. Composed in Sanskrit likely between the third and fifth centuries, it systematizes the buddha-nature teachings found in sutras such as the&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Tathagatagarbhasutra&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&nbsp;and the&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mahaparinirvanasutra&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;. The work is structured around seven vajra topics: the Buddha, the Dharma, the Sangha, the element, enlightenment, qualities, and enlightened activities. It presents buddha-nature as the innate, pure potential present in all beings&mdash;eternal, blissful, unconditioned, and originally pure, yet temporarily obscured by adventitious defilements. When fully purified, this nature is revealed as the dharmakaya, the ultimate body of a Buddha. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tibetan tradition believes that it was taught by the bodhisattva Maitreya and transmitted via Asanga &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;while Chinese tradition attributes the work to the master Saramati (Jianhui)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#12298;&#23542;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#20840;&#21517;&#28858;&#12298;&#20998;&#21029;&#23542;&#24615;&#22823;&#20056;&#28961;&#19978;&#32396;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#26159;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#27966;&#25152;&#23562;&#22857;&#30340;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#35542;&#20856;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22312;&#28450;&#20659;&#33287;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#27511;&#20358;&#20633;&#21463;&#37325;&#35222;&#12290;&#27492;&#35542;&#20197;&#19971;&#37329;&#21083;&#21477;&#28858;&#26550;&#27083;&#65292;&#20381;&#27425;&#38369;&#36848;&#20315;&#23542;&#12289;&#27861;&#23542;&#12289;&#20711;&#23542;&#12289;&#30028;&#65288;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#65289;&#12289;&#33769;&#25552;&#12289;&#21151;&#24503;&#33287;&#20107;&#26989;&#31561;&#19971;&#20491;&#20027;&#38988;&#12290;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#25945;&#32681;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#26412;&#20855;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&mdash;&mdash;&#21363;&#33258;&#24615;&#28165;&#28136;&#12289;&#24646;&#24120;&#19981;&#35722;&#30340;&#20315;&#24615;&#28507;&#33021;&#65292;&#38614;&#26283;&#28858;&#29033;&#24817;&#25152;&#35206;&#65292;&#28982;&#20854;&#26412;&#36074;&#19981;&#22686;&#19981;&#28187;&#12290;&#27492;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#21363;&#26159;&#30526;&#29983;&#25104;&#20315;&#30340;&#20839;&#22312;&#26681;&#25818;&#65292;&#30070;&#23458;&#22645;&#29033;&#24817;&#24505;&#24213;&#28136;&#38500;&#26178;&#65292;&#21363;&#39023;&#29694;&#28858;&#27861;&#36523;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28450;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#35469;&#28858;&#26159;&#22533;&#24935;&#25152;&#20316;&#65292;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#21063;&#35469;&#28858;&#26159;&#24396;&#21202;&#25152;&#20316;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/ratnagotravibhaga\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Ratnagotravibh&#257;ga<\/span> ) and passed to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Asanga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tog med); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thogs med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Asanga is the fourth century Indian founder of the Yogacara school of Mahayana Buddhism, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. The following works are agreed by scholars to be by Asa&#7749;ga: Mahayanasamgraha (Summary of the Great Vehicle), Abhidharma-samuccaya,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;&#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20315;&#25945;&#29788;&#20285;&#34892;&#21807;&#35672;&#23416;&#27966;&#39640;&#20711;&#65292;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#25885;&#22823;&#20056;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#12298;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#38598;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/asanga\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Asanga<\/span>. It was then transmitted by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Asanga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3920;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tog med); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thogs med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Asanga is the fourth century Indian founder of the Yogacara school of Mahayana Buddhism, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. The following works are agreed by scholars to be by Asa&#7749;ga: Mahayanasamgraha (Summary of the Great Vehicle), Abhidharma-samuccaya,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#33879;&#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20315;&#25945;&#29788;&#20285;&#34892;&#21807;&#35672;&#23416;&#27966;&#39640;&#20711;&#65292;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#25885;&#22823;&#20056;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#12298;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#38598;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/asanga\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Asanga<\/span> to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Atisa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3944;&#3851;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3940; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(atisha),&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3911;&#3964;&#3851;&#3926;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(joboje);&nbsp;Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jo bo rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ati&#347;a D&#299;pankara Srijnana (982&ndash;1054), one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters was a Indian Buddhist master who spread Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism Sumatra and Tibet. He was the founder of Kadampa School in Tibet. His most influential work was Bodhipathaprad&#299;pa, or Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805; (982-1054) &#27861;&#34399;&#29123;&#29128;&#21513;&#31077;&#26234;&#65292;&#21360;&#24230;&#23391;&#21152;&#25289;&#21335;&#37096;&#29579;&#26063;&#65292;&#23565;&#35199;&#34255;&#24460;&#24344;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#36002;&#29563;&#26368;&#22823;&#30340;&#39640;&#20711;&#65292;&#25972;&#38931;&#25106;&#24459;&#65292;&#24314;&#31435;&#22134;&#30070;&#27966;&#65292;&#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;,&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#38627;&#34389;&#37323;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/atisa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Atisha<\/span>, who later brought it to Tibet.<\/p><p>The teaching of Exchanging Self and Others , on the other hand, is found in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avatamsaka, Flower Garland Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#26041;&#24291;&#20315;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3851;&#3925;&#3939;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (do palpo che); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo phal po che&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Avatamsaka Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Avatamsaka Sutra (Flower Garland Sutra) is one of the most important of Mahayana sutras composed 500 years after the death of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#32147;&#20856;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20659;&#35498;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#23490;500&#24180;&#24460;&#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;&#36914;&#20837;&#40845;&#23470;&#21462;&#22238;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/avatamsaka\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Avatamsaka<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> (Flower Garland <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> ). This lineage was passed from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Manjushri, Manjughosha ; &#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217; (&#27743;&#35997;&#22830;, &#26364;&#31062;&#23460;&#21033;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3911;&#3928;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&#3939;&#3851;&#3921;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;jam pal yang), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3913;&#4011;&#3956;&#3851;&#3940;&#4018;&#3953;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (manjusri); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;jam dpal dbyangs, many+dzu shrI;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ma&ntilde;ju&#347;r&#299;, Ma&ntilde;jugho&#7779;a&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Manjushri is the oldest and most significant bodhisattva symbolizing transcendental wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is depicted with flaming sword in right hand and scripture in his left hand.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#25991;&#27530;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#20687;&#24501;&#36229;&#28982;&#26234;&#24935;&#30340;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#12289;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#65292;&#20182;&#21491;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#28779;&#21133;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#25343;&#33879;&#32147;&#25991;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/manjushri\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Manjushri<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span> to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nagarjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#3904;&#4019;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#3986;&#4018;&#3956;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lu drup); Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: N&#257;g&#257;rjuna;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Chinese&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &#40845;&#27193;&#33769;&#34217;, &#40845;&#29467; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37027;&#22030;&#21621;&#26417;&#35365;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Nagarjuna (150-250 CE) is the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, a most important Buddhist philosopher, one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas., one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters, also one of&nbsp; the Six Ornaments. Some of his major works include:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Mulamadhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sunyatasaptati (Seventy Verses on Emptiness)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vigrahavyavartani (The End of Disputes)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vaidalyaprakara&#7751;a (Pulverizing the Categories)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Vyavaharasiddhi (Proof of Convention)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Yuktisastika (Sixty Verses on Reasoning) ....&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#40845;&#27193;&#35199;&#20803;&#20108;&#19990;&#32000;&#29983;&#26044;&#21335;&#21360;&#24230;, &#28858;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26368;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#35542;&#24107;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20013;&#35264;&#27966;&#21109;&#22987;&#32773;, &#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20845;&#33674;&#22196;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#33879;&#20316;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#22823;&#26234;&#24230;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20013;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#21313;&#20108;&#38272;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#19971;&#21313;&#31354;&#24615;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#36852;&#35533;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#20845;&#21313;&#38924;&#22914;&#29702;&#35542;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#26041;&#20415;&#24515;&#35542;&#12299;&#31561;....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/nagarjuna\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Nagarjuna<\/span>, and later to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shantideva, Bhusuku; &#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (&#21830;&#22320;&#22042;&#29926;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3939;&#4023;&nbsp; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Zhiwa Lha); Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Santideva&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Shantideva (675-725) was an Indian Buddhist mahasiddha, the &amp;quot;Idle Monk&amp;quot;, one of the Seventeen Nalanda Masters and one of the 84 Indian Vajrayana Mahasiddhas. His most renowned work was Bodhicaryavatara or &amp;quot;A Guide to the Bodhisattva&amp;#039;s Way of Life&amp;quot;....\n&#23490;&#22825;&#33769;&#34217; (675-725) &#26159;&#21476;&#21360;&#24230;&#20013;&#35264;&#25033;&#25104;&#27966;&#33879;&#21517;&#20315;&#25945;&#23416;&#32773;, &#37027;&#29211;&#38464;&#21313;&#19971;&#29677;&#26234;&#36948;&#20043;&#19968;, &#20843;&#21313;&#22235;&#22823;&#25104;&#23601;&#32773;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#12298;&#20837;&#33769;&#34217;&#34892;&#35542;&#12299;&#30340;&#20316;&#32773;....&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shantideva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shantideva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Although practitioners may use either method, the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> that arises is ultimately the same. While both methods aim at the same goal, Exchanging Self and Others is more suited for advanced practitioners whose <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>s are already familiar with the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. This method is considered more profound and challenging than the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction .<\/p><p>Some scholars suggest that Exchanging Self and Others encompasses the essence of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction , but upon cl<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oser, Woeser, Light ray&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;22&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;23&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20809;&#36637;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21807;&#33394;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3935;&#3962;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (oser); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;od zer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Oser is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Woeser, &Ouml;ser, Odzer.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&#21807;&#33394; \/ &#25105;&#33394; \/ &#32173;&#33394; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%9f%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>oser<\/span> examination of their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offer respect&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24685;&#25964;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#20839;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3923;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ch&ouml; ne); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod nas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%98%e0%bd%86%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%93%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>respect<\/span>ive stages, subtle differences remain. This view highlights how the two methods can complement each other and, in some contexts, be integrated into a unified practice.<\/p><p>For those who have not previously studied or cultivated <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, attempting to begin with Exchanging Self and Others might prove too difficult and fail to generate genuine experience. Therefore, beginners are encouraged to start with the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction, which provides a systematic and accessible approach.<\/p><h4>Origin of Names and Stages of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction<\/h4><p>The name &ldquo;Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction&rdquo; derives from its seven stages of practice, where each stage serves as the cause for the next, and each subsequent stage is the result of the preceding one. These stages are:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">1 Recognizing all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers<br>2 Recalling their kindness<br>3 Wishing to repay their kindness<br>4 Developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jampa, Love&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24904; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24375;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Metta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Metta means Love, Loving kindness, one of Four immeasurables.\nJampa is a common Tibetan name. It also means Maitreya. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Champa, Jamba, Djampa, Dschamba, Dschampa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24904;&#26159;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#24375;&#24052;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/jampa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">loving kindness<\/span><br>5 Developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span><br>6 Generating the altruistic intention<br>7 Generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span><\/p><p>The essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings lies in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, and the foundation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings is great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Practitioners who cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings must begin by developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, and the method for cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is through recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers, recalling their kindness, repaying their kindness, and generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jampa, Love&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24904; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24375;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(Jampa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byams pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Metta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Metta means Love, Loving kindness, one of Four immeasurables.\nJampa is a common Tibetan name. It also means Maitreya. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Champa, Jamba, Djampa, Dschamba, Dschampa.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24904;&#26159;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#24375;&#24052;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/jampa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">loving kindness<\/span>.<\/p><p>For practitioners to generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, they must regard the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span> of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and the attainment of happiness as their own irrevocable responsibility. This mindset transcends the mere aspiration for personal <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>, and the spirit of taking the salvation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as one&rsquo;s own duty is called altruistic intention .<\/p><p data-spm-anchor-id=\"2b75ac3d.2ef5001f.0.i291.3d4dc921x9kNNV\">To develop altruistic intention, one must feel profound <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> for <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> trapped in the boundless suffering of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>. To generate such <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, one must view all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> with a joyful mind, seeing them all as beloved friends or family members, thereby generating loving-kindness.<\/p><p>To generate loving-kindness, one must understand that throughout our countless lifetimes in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>, every lifetime has had a mother. Therefore, every sentient being may have been our mother at some point. Reflecting on the immense and boundless kindness of our mothers, we see that they are now trapped in the vortex of suffering. As their children, if we stand by and do nothing, there is no greater shame than this! Thus, we should remember and repay the kindness of our mothers, thereby generating a heart of loving-kindness.<\/p><p>The key to successful practice lies in following the stages sequentially. Only when one genuinely experiences a particular stage can progress to the next occur.<\/p><p>Without adhering to this sequence, any loving-kindness, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> generated will be fleeting and superficial, unable to arise spontaneously toward all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> at all times. This is because the foundational stages were not firmly established, making the ultimate goal of generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> unattainable.<\/p><p>If practitioners have not cultivated the habit of practicing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> in past lives, even strenuous efforts in this life may yield only brief glimpses of loving-kindness, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><p>Since we did not practice these teachings in the past, we struggle to generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> today. If we neglect to follow the stages diligently in this life, we will remain unaccomplished in the future. Therefore, practitioners must resolve to practice systematically, ensuring genuine experience at each stage, so that one day authentic <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> will naturally arise.<\/p><p>The arrangement of the seven stages of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction can be understood in two ways:<\/p><ol><li>The first way is to establish the first six stages as the causes for generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, with <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> being the result or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Resultant or Fruition Vehicle; &#26524;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#36889;&#24067;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(drebu ); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;bras bu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Resultant vehicle emphasizes union of the wisdom of emptiness (prajna) and the skillful means of great bliss.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26524;&#20056;&#26159;&#26234;&#24935;&#31354;&#24615;&#21450;&#22823;&#27138;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#38617;&#36939;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/fruition-vehicle\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">fruition<\/span> of these six stages.<\/li><li>Alternatively, there is another approach where altruistic intention (&#22686;&#19978;&#24847;&#27138;) and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> are established as the results, while the first five stages are considered the causes. The reasoning behind this arrangement lies in the fact that great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the foundation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings. In this spirit, such an arrangement is made to highlight the centrality of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> in the practice.<\/li><\/ol><h4>Importance of Great Compassion<\/h4><p>The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Madhyamakavatara; &#20837;&#20013;&#35542;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3926;&#3956;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3911;&#3956;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dbu ma la &amp;#039;jug pa; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Madhyamakavatara;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The treatise Madhyamakavatara is a seminal work of the Prasangika Madhyamaka school, composed by the seventh-century Indian master Candrak&#299;rti. It serves as a comprehensive guide to the bodhisattva path, structured around the ten stages of awakening as described in the Dashabhumika Sutra. The work explains the profound view of emptiness while also detailing the vast conduct of a bodhisattva. Its sixth chapter, which comprises about half the text, is particularly renowned for its detailed exposition on the perfection of wisdom and its systematic refutation of the Mind-Only school&amp;#039;s doctrines. The treatise is one of the five principal texts studied in Tibetan Buddhist monastic curricula.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20837;&#20013;&#35542;&#28858;&#19971;&#19990;&#32000;&#21360;&#24230;&#20013;&#35264;&#25033;&#25104;&#27966;&#35542;&#24107;&#26376;&#31281;&#25152;&#36896;&#30340;&#37325;&#35201;&#33879;&#20316;&#12290;&#35542;&#20856;&#20197;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#20013;&#33769;&#34217;&#21313;&#22320;&#28858;&#26694;&#26550;&#65292;&#23436;&#25972;&#38369;&#36848;&#20102;&#22823;&#20056;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#27425;&#31532;&#12290;&#20840;&#26360;&#19981;&#20677;&#38369;&#36848;&#20102;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#26368;&#28145;&#22887;&#30340;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#35443;&#32048;&#35498;&#26126;&#20102;&#33769;&#34217;&#30340;&#24291;&#22823;&#34892;&#25345;&#12290;&#20854;&#20013;&#31532;&#20845;&#21697;&#20308;&#20840;&#26360;&#36817;&#21322;&#31687;&#24133;&#65292;&#23560;&#38272;&#38369;&#37323;&#33324;&#33509;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#25945;&#32681;&#36914;&#34892;&#20102;&#26368;&#28858;&#31995;&#32113;&#30340;&#25209;&#21028;&#12290;&#27492;&#35542;&#34987;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#36984;&#20837;&#20711;&#20154;&#24517;&#38920;&#30740;&#35712;&#30340;&#20116;&#37096;&#22823;&#35542;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22312;&#35199;&#34255;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#23416;&#27966;&#20013;&#20139;&#26377;&#26997;&#39640;&#30340;&#22320;&#20301;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/madhyamakavatara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Madhyamakavatara<\/span> states:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&ldquo;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> is the seed, water, and ripened fruit of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s vast attainment. Thus, I first praise great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.&rdquo;<\/p><p>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the foundation of a practitioner&rsquo;s path in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism during the initial, intermediate, and final stages of practice. It is also the seed of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings. Why does a practitioner enter the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> path? The reason lies in the aspiration to free all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and guide them to happiness, praying to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood in order to possess the ability to benefit all beings. Therefore, at the beginning of practice, the practitioner must feel deep sorrow for the immense suffering that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> endure and wish to take on their pain. This is why generating great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is essential at the outset of practice. Only by cultivating great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> can one enter the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> path and become a member of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> lineage.<\/p><h4>Driving Force of Great Compassion<\/h4><p>After generating aspirational <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, practitioners must engage in the challenging practices of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> path and realize various <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Stages of the path, Lamrim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532; (&#26391;&#26519;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3928;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(lamrim); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lam rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Lamrim (stages of the path) is a Tibetan Buddhist teaching for the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha. Atisa wrote the first root text, &amp;quot;A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment&amp;quot;. Many Tibetan masters wrote many versions including Tsongkhapa&amp;#039;s masterpiece &amp;quot;Lamrim Chenmo&amp;quot; (The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path of Enlightenment).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#65292;&#26681;&#25818;&#19981;&#21516;&#20154;&#36039;&#36074;&#26681;&#22120;&#19981;&#21516;&#65292;&#23559;&#20462;&#23416;&#21123;&#20998;&#28858;&#25976;&#20491;&#19981;&#21516;&#38542;&#27573;&#30340;&#36947;&#36335;&#25152;&#23531;&#25104;&#30340;&#20462;&#27861;&#26360;&#31821;&#12290;&#26368;&#26089;&#20986;&#29694;&#30340;&#33879;&#20316;&#26159;&#38463;&#24213;&#23805;&#30340;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#29128;&#35542;&#12299;&#65292;&#23447;&#21888;&#24052;&#33879;&#26377;&#12298;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#24291;&#35542;&#12299;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;zh-CN&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20197;&#19979;&#28858;&#33769;&#25552;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#32147;&#26360; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;The following is a list of the most important Lamrim texts : ....&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/lamrim\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stages of the path<\/span> to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood. Along the way, countless difficulties and obstacles must be overcome. Without the driving force of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, practitioners would not have the strength to endure these trials and tribulations.<\/p><h4>Buddha&rsquo;s Endless Compassion<\/h4><p>After attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi \/ Perfect Enlightenment \/ Complete Perfect Awakening \/ Unsurpassable Enlightened One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27491;&#36941;&#30693;\/&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yang-dak-p&eacute; chang-chub); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: yang dag pa&amp;#039;i byang chub; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SamyakSambuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi, Perfect enlightenment, is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha. It refers to the highest, unsurpassed state of awakening attained by a buddha. The term literally means &amp;quot;correct, complete awakening,&amp;quot; indicating that this state is fully accurate and all-encompassing. It is the direct and perfect realization of the nature of all phenomena as empty of inherent existence, combined with the complete eradication of all defilements and the perfection of all excellent qualities. This awakening is distinguished from the partial realization of a hearer or solitary realizer, as it includes both the wisdom of emptiness and the great compassion that spontaneously works for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term is often expanded to &amp;quot;unsurpassed perfect enlightenment,&amp;quot; which emphasizes that there is no higher or more complete state of awakening beyond this.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#25152;&#35657;&#24471;&#30340;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#12289;&#26368;&#22291;&#28415;&#20043;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35258;&#24735;&#20013;&#26368;&#28858;&#27491;&#30906;&#32780;&#21608;&#36941;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#27491;&#31561;&#12301;&#65307;&#20854;&#26368;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#12289;&#28961;&#26377;&#26356;&#19978;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#35258;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22659;&#30028;&#21253;&#21547;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#28961;&#33258;&#24615;&#20043;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#29694;&#35657;&#65292;&#24505;&#24213;&#26039;&#30433;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#38556;&#33287;&#25152;&#30693;&#38556;&#65292;&#20006;&#22291;&#28415;&#25104;&#23601;&#19968;&#20999;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#32882;&#32862;&#32227;&#35258;&#20043;&#20559;&#31354;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20035;&#21516;&#26178;&#20855;&#36275;&#24754;&#26234;&#38617;&#36939;&#20043;&#22291;&#28415;&#26524;&#20301;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#24460;&#33021;&#20219;&#36939;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samyak-sambuddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perfect enlightenment<\/span>, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>, out of boundless <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> for <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> still trapped in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>, refrained from entering <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parinirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33324;&#28037;&#27075;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3921;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (nyangde); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;myang &amp;#039;das&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parinirvana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Parinirvana (nirvana without remainder) means the end of all rebirths in samsara of a Buddha as he achieved complete enlightenment and attained nirvana during his lifetime.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33324;&#28037;&#27075; (&#28961;&#39192;&#28037;&#27075;) &#26159;&#20315;&#21450;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#30340;&#36650;&#36852;&#32066;&#32080;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/parinirvana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">parinirvana<\/span> and continued to perform activities for the benefit of beings until <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span> is emptied. Our ability to benefit from the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span> today is due to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s never-ending great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Affectionate Loving-Kindness<\/h4><p>To generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, practitioners must eliminate the distinctions they make between loved ones, enemies, and neutral beings, viewing all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as their most cherished child. With joy and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, they regard all beings with affection. This is called affectionate loving-kindness.<\/p><h4>Loving-Kindness and Compassion<\/h4><p>Loving-kindness can be divided into two types: affectionate loving-kindness and wishing beings to have happiness. Affectionate loving-kindness must arise before <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, while wishing beings to have happiness can arise either before or after <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. This illustrates the causal relationship between loving-kindness and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><p>In the past, while teaching abroad, I encountered a listener who believed that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is easier to generate than loving-kindness and therefore suggested that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> should precede loving-kindness in the sequence of practice. This insight <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>demon<\/span>strates deep reflection on the relationship between loving-kindness and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which is commendable. Such a view places wishing beings to have happiness after <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, meaning the sequence of these two is not fixed. However, the sequence of affectionate loving-kindness must always come before <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Only by generating affectionate loving-kindness and viewing all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> equally can practitioners then give rise to genuine great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Foundation of Equanimity<\/h4><p>Before meditating on affectionate loving-kindness, practitioners must cultivate the three preliminary stages: recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers (&#30693;&#27597; ), recalling their kindness, and wishing to repay their kindness. Before practicing recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers, one must first cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> as a foundational practice.<\/p><p>Cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> is like leveling the ground before building a house. Only when the ground is level can materials be stacked upon it. We tend to cling to what we like and reject what we dislike, creating an unequal mindset. This bias must be addressed and eliminated when cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Equanimity<\/span> can be broadly categorized into three types:<\/p><ol><li>Action <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>: Avoiding <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, and indifference in behavior.<\/li><li>Feeling <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>: Avoiding distinctions based on feelings of pleasure, pain, or neutrality.<\/li><li>Limitless <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>: The type of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> that practitioners focus on here, which extends boundlessly to all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> without discrimination.<\/li><\/ol><h4>Preminary Practice: Equanimity<\/h4><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Equanimity<\/span> is not only the foundation for generating all stages of realizations and virtues but also the root cause for eliminating suffering and attaining happiness. The essence of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span> lies in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, which requires the prior cultivation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. To generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, one must first possess <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>. Therefore, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> serves as the basis for practitioners to develop realizations and virtues at each stage of the path and ultimately attain the perfect happiness of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood.<\/p><p>Due to our inability to cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, our spontaneous thoughts are often driven by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to what we like and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span> to what we dislike. These mental habits lead to the creation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, resulting in the experience of its painful consequences. By cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, practitioners can close the door to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s, avoid creating further <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, and thereby cut off the root of all suffering.<\/p><h4>Two methods for cultivating equanimity<\/h4><ol><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> three groups of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> present before you one group at a time<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> three groups of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> simultaneously present before you<\/li><\/ol><h4>1.1 Attitude Toward Neutral Beings<\/h4><p>The First Step:&nbsp;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> a neutral sentient being&mdash;one who is neither a friend nor an enemy&mdash;in front of you. Reflect that harming such a being would be an extremely irrational act, and thus, one should refrain from causing harm. Furthermore, consider that this person may have been of great benefit to you in the past, so it is inappropriate to remain indifferent toward them.<\/p><h4>1.2 Attitude Toward Loved Ones<\/h4><p>Next, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> a close loved one&mdash;such as a family member or dear friend&mdash;in front of you. Reflect that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and clinging are the chains that bind us to the ocean of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>. The faults arising from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and clinging cause us to wander endlessly through cyclic existence without <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>. Our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to loved ones is not solely due to their benefits to us but rather stems from habitual tendencies of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Craving, Desire&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36010;&#24859;, &#27442;&#26395;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#4018;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(sepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sred pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Trishna, Trsna&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Trishna, Trsna (craving, thirst, desire) is one of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a person drinking alcohol continuously.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#20843;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#24859;&#12301;, &#24859;&#30001;&#21463;&#32780;&#20358;. &#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#20197;&#25163;&#25569;&#37202;&#29942;&#29378;&#39154;&#19981;&#27490;&#30340;&#37202;&#39740;&#27604;&#21947;&#24859;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/trishna\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">craving<\/span> cultivated in the past. For instance, someone who currently provides us with food, medicine, clothing, or shelter may have caused us great harm in the past. Now, merely because they offer some small benefit, we become attached to them&mdash;a highly unreasonable reaction. Therefore, we should abandon <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and clinging to loved ones.<\/p><h4>1.3 Attitude Toward Enemies<\/h4><p>Finally, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> an enemy&mdash;someone you harbor <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Resentment; &#24616;&#24680;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3921;&#3956;&#3851;&#3936;&#3931;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(khon du dzin pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khon du &amp;#039;dzin pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Upanaha;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Resentment (upanaha) is one of Twenty Subsidiary Destructive Emotions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24680;&#26159;&#20108;&#21313;&#38568;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/upanaha-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">resentment<\/span> toward&mdash;in front of you. Reflect that hatred causes immense suffering for both oneself and others. As stated in A Guide to the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhisattva<\/span>&rsquo;s Way of Life : &ldquo;There is no greater sin than hatred.&rdquo; Therefore, we should not harbor hatred but instead view this person with <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>. Our anger toward enemies is not always due to their harmful actions; sometimes, it arises from our own habitual <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s, even when no harm has been done. For example, consider two families who were once financially similar and lived harmoniously. If one family becomes wealthy through business, a gap in wealth may arise, leading to estrangement and eventual disconnection. Even when faced with harm from others, we should reflect that while they may harm us now, they might have sacrificed their lives to protect us in the past. How can we harbor hatred toward those who have shown such imme<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Demi-god, Asura; &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947; (&#25289;&#25935;\/&#25289;&#40635;&#38899;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(lha min)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lha miyin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha min, lha ma yin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Asura;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Demi-god (asura) is one of the six classes of beings (Sadgati) in Buddhist cosmology. Asuras are supernatural beings who live in lower levels of mount Sumeru, obsessed with sensuous aspects of existence and jealousy, endlessly engaged in wars against the Devas (gods).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21972;&#24594;&#23241;&#22930;&#24515;&#37325;&#12289;&#22909;&#29229;&#39717;&#65292;&#24120;&#33287;&#22825;&#20154;&#25136;&#29229;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/asura\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>asura<\/span>ble kindness?<\/p><p>From our perspective or that of other <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, harboring indifference, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, or hatred toward neutral beings, loved ones, or enemies is unwise and unreasonable. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentient beings<\/span>, driven by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma, Action&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;, &#26989;&#26524;, &#34892;&#21205;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#38647; , &#22030;&#40635;);&nbsp; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (le), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3904;&#3938;&#4008;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (karma);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;las&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Karma is the universal law that brings results or effects from causes of ones conscious actions. The results may take an uncertain amount of time and other conditions to mature.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#26989;&#21147;&#26159;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#27861;&#21063;&#65292;&#25152;&#26377;&#26377;&#24847;&#35672;&#30340;&#34892;&#28858;&#26371;&#24118;&#20358;&#22240;&#26524;&#22577;&#25033;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/karma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>karma<\/span> and habitual tendencies, lack autonomy over their circumstances and cannot choose whether to be our friends or enemies. They are like three destitute beggars&mdash;starving, thirsty, and ragged&mdash;who simultaneously approach us for help. From our perspective, all three are equally in need of assistance. From their perspective, all three equally yearn for our aid. If we discriminate, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Offering&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20379;&#39178;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#22810;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3910;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3921;&#3964; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;cho do); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mchod do&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/offering-6\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">offering<\/span> food and clothing only to one (a loved one) while ignoring or even scolding the others, such thoughts and actions are utterly unreasonable. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentient beings<\/span>, driven by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations, find themselves in dire situations akin to those of beggars. Thus, we should abandon discrimination and cultivate an attitude of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> toward all.<\/p><h4>Meditating on Equanimity Toward Enemies, Loved Ones, and Neutral Beings Simultaneously<\/h4><p>The second method is to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> three groups of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> simultaneously present before you: neutral beings in front, loved ones to your right, and enemies to your left. Using the methods described earlier, cultivate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> toward all three groups.<\/p><p>Practitioners can choose the method that is easier for them to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> or that generates stronger realizations as the basis for their practice.<\/p><p>After meditating in this way, practitioners can further contemplate two phenomena in life:<\/p><ol><li>The impermanence of benefit and harm : Those who benefit us now may have harmed us in the past, and those who harm us now may have once been our greatest benefactors. The actions of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> toward us are unpredictable and uncertain.<\/li><li>The impermanence of relationships : In life, it is common for close friends to become enemies or for enemies to become close friends.<br>Reflecting on these truths helps practitioners understand that enemies, loved ones, and neutral beings are all subject to change. This contemplation strengthens <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>.<\/li><\/ol><p>In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>sutra<\/span>s, it is recorded that the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> once taught an extremely miserly disciple by instructing him to take an object from his left hand and give it to his right hand, while visualizing the left hand as himself and the right hand as other <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. This method was used to counteract his <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> to possessions.<\/p><p>As practitioners of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>, we must diligently put into practice the teachings we have heard and contemplated, gradually generating realizations in our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>s. This is the only path to attainment. Without diligent practice, even extensive learning and intellectual understanding will yield only meager and limited benefits.<\/p><p>Thus, practitioners should follow the guidance of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four Immeasurables&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;, &#24904;&#24754;&#21916;&#25448;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3921;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tseme shyi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshad med bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Brahmavihara, Caturapramana, Apramana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four immeasurables are four qualities of completely enlightened beings:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jampa) &#24904; Love (metta): wish that beings are happy and have causes of happiness&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (ningje) &#24754; Compassion (karuna): wish that beings are free from suffering and causes of suffering&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3936;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (gawa) &#21916; Joy (mudita): wish that beings remain happy and happiness increase further&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tangnyom) &#25448; Equanimity (upekkha): wish that beings are free from attachment and aversion to others.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#26159;&#24904;&#28961;&#37327;&#12289;&#24754;&#28961;&#37327;&#12289;&#21916;&#28961;&#37327;&#21644;&#25448;&#28961;&#37327;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/four-immeasurables\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">four immeasurables<\/span>: &ldquo;May all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> be free from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, closeness, and distance, and abide in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>.&rdquo; Like a full moon without any blemish, they should equally regard all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> without abandoning anyone.<\/p><h4>Equanimity and Vajrayana Practice<\/h4><p>In <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> practice, the symbol of a full moon with a crossed <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vajra<\/span> above it is often used. The full moon represents relative <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, which is cultivated through <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> toward all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. Only by developing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> can practitioners generate the realizations of the various stages of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga \/ Spiritual Discipline \/ Union \/ Meditation&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (naljor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yoga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yoga is a term with multiple meanings across Indian and Buddhist traditions. In its most general sense, it refers to spiritual discipline, meditation, or the practice of mental and physical training. In the context of Buddhist psychology, yoga is defined as a mental factor that focuses the mind on an object and unifies it with that object. In the Vajrayana tradition, yoga takes on a more specific meaning, referring to the system of practice that unites method and wisdom, and it is the basis for the classification of the four classes of tantra: Action Tantra, Performance Tantra, Yoga Tantra, and Highest Yoga Tantra. The term is derived from the Sanskrit root &radic;yuj, meaning &amp;quot;to yoke&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;to unite,&amp;quot; reflecting the goal of uniting the mind with its object, or the practitioner with the awakened state. In Tibetan, the term is naljor, which literally means &amp;quot;union with the natural state.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29788;&#20285;&#26159;&#19968;&#20491;&#22312;&#21360;&#24230;&#33287;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#20855;&#26377;&#22810;&#37325;&#21547;&#32681;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#12290;&#22312;&#20854;&#26368;&#26222;&#36941;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;&#19978;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#25351;&#31934;&#31070;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#31146;&#20462;&#25110;&#36523;&#24515;&#35347;&#32244;&#30340;&#23526;&#36368;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#24515;&#29702;&#23416;&#30340;&#33032;&#32097;&#20013;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#34987;&#23450;&#32681;&#28858;&#19968;&#31278;&#20196;&#24515;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#25152;&#32227;&#22659;&#20006;&#33287;&#20043;&#32080;&#21512;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#12290;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#29788;&#20285;&#20855;&#26377;&#26356;&#20855;&#39636;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;&#65292;&#25351;&#23559;&#26041;&#20415;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#38617;&#36939;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#39636;&#31995;&#65292;&#20063;&#26159;&#22235;&#37096;&#23494;&#32396;&#20998;&#39006;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#65306;&#20107;&#32396;&#12289;&#34892;&#32396;&#12289;&#29788;&#20285;&#32396;&#33287;&#28961;&#19978;&#29788;&#20285;&#32396;&#12290;&#27492;&#35422;&#28304;&#26044;&#26805;&#25991;&#35422;&#26681; &radic;yuj&#65292;&#24847;&#28858;&#12300;&#32080;&#21512;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#36899;&#25509;&#12301;&#65292;&#21453;&#26144;&#20102;&#23559;&#24515;&#33287;&#25152;&#32227;&#22659;&#32080;&#21512;&#65292;&#25110;&#23559;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#33287;&#35258;&#24735;&#29376;&#24907;&#32080;&#21512;&#30340;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#34255;&#25991;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28858; naljor&#65292;&#23383;&#38754;&#24847;&#28858;&#12300;&#33287;&#26412;&#28982;&#29376;&#24907;&#32080;&#21512;&#12301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/yoga\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yoga<\/span> (generation and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Completion Stage&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20304;&#26519;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4011;&#3964;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3928;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dzog rim);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdzogs rim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sampannkrama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Completion stage is the second stage (after the generation stage) in a highest yoga tantra practice. A practitioner works with the subtle wind, channels and chakras in meditation and visualization to attain the simultaneous realization of bliss and emptiness.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22291;&#28415;&#27425;&#31532;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#23494;&#27861;&#31532;&#20108;&#38542;&#27573; (&#31532;&#19968;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#27425;&#31532;)&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#36523;&#39636;&#20839;&#32048;&#24494;&#30340;&#27683;&#33032;&#26126;&#40670;&#35657;&#24471;&#22823;&#27138;&#12289;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/completion-stage\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">completion stage<\/span>s). Without <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, it is impossible to stop <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s such as <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, which create obstacles to the arising of any spiritual attainments. Practitioners will also fail to generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. Therefore, practitioners should not abandon any <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> they dislike, as these beings are the key to cultivating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span> and the root of generating realizations in the stages of practice.<\/p><h4>Central Role of Great Compassion<\/h4><p>In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> of Boundless Wisdom , <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni; &#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#37323;&#36838;&#22303;&#24052;\/&#22799;&#21152;&#22303;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3904;&#4017;&#3851;&#3920;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (shakya thubpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shAkya thub pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siddhartha Gautama&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37323;&#36838;&#29279;&#23612;&#20315;&#36523;&#37329;&#33394;&#65292;&#21491;&#25163;&#35320;&#22320;&#21360;&#65292;&#24038;&#25163;&#23450;&#21360;&#65292;&#36523;&#31359;&#27604;&#19992;&#19977;&#34915;&#65292;&#29694;&#26805;&#34892;&#20986;&#23478;&#30456;&#65292;&#20855;&#36275;&#19977;&#21313;&#20108;&#31278;&#22937;&#30456;&#12289;&#20843;&#21313;&#31278;&#38568;&#22909;&#65292;&#37329;&#21083;&#29640;&#36282;&#24231;&#26044;&#34030;&#33457;&#26376;&#36650;&#23542;&#24231;&#19978;&#12290;&#25345;&#35494;&#20315;&#38464;&#20315;&#34399;&#30340;&#21151;&#24503;&#65292;&#33021;&#28040;&#36942;&#21435;&#29983;&#20013;&#65292;&#19968;&#33836;&#21163;&#30340;&#32618;&#26989;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Buddha Shakyamuni is at the center of 35 Confession Buddhas. He is golden in monk robes, sitting in full meditation vajra posture on lotus and moon disc throne with right hand in Bhumisparsa mudra. He has thirty-two major and eighty minor distinguishing physical characteristics. Reciting his name can purify all negative karma accumulated over 10,000 eons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shakyamuni\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shakyamuni<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> said to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Venerable&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23562;&#25964;&#30340;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#31574;&#30070; &#28359;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3930;&#3962;&#3851;&#3921;&#3908;&#3851;&#3939;&#4001;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tse dang denpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;tshe dang ldan pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/venerable\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Venerable<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shariputra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33294;&#21033;&#24343; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#22799;&#26085;&#20234;&#24067;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3851;&#3938;&#3954;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#3956; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(sharibu); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shA ri&amp;#039;i bu&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sariputra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Shariputra (son of Sari) was one of two chief male disciples of Gautama Buddha. He is regarded as the disciple of the Buddha who was foremost in wisdom. He became an arhat renowned for his teaching in the Theravada tradition.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33294;&#21033;&#24343;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#20841;&#20301;&#22823;&#24351;&#23376;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26234;&#24935;&#31532;&#19968;&#32862;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shariputra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Shariputra<\/span>:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&ldquo;Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is inexhaustible. Why? Because it is the guide. Just as the breath sustains life, so too does great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> guide the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> path.&rdquo;<\/p><p>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is like a seed that grows into lush branches and abundant fruit. Whether practitioners can generate the various attainments and virtues of the path, bringing happiness to themselves and others, depends on whether they can cultivate great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. The <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya, Discipline&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27607;&#22856;&#32822;, &#24459;&#34255;, &#32000;&#24459;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3956;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dulwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dul ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinaya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vinaya, the first of the Tripitaka, It is a collection of Buddhist scriptures containing the rules and procedures that govern the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24459;&#34255;&#26159;&#19977;&#34255;&#32147;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#37096;&#65292;&#31649;&#29702;&#20315;&#25945;&#20711;&#22296;&#30340;&#35215;&#21063;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/vinaya\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vinaya<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sutra<\/span> also states: &ldquo;In the vast ocean of teachings, if one seeks the most essential, it is always great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> that comes first.&rdquo;<\/p><p>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the essence of all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span> teachings. If practitioners can genuinely generate the realization and attainment of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> in their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;MindStream \/ Mental Continuum; &#24515;&#32396;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sem-gy&uuml;); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sa&#7747;t&#257;na, citta-sa&#7747;t&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The mindstream (Samtana) refers to the uninterrupted, beginningless flow of momentary consciousness that continues from lifetime to lifetime until the attainment of enlightenment. This continuum carries the imprints of past actions, habits, and experiences as karmic seeds that ripen into future experiences. While the mind itself is empty of inherent existence, its continuity is conventionally accepted as the basis for the processes of karma, rebirth, and spiritual transformation. Through sustained practice, this stream gradually purifies its defilements, cultivates wisdom, and ultimately transforms into the enlightened mind, yet it remains a single continuum from the perspective of the individual being.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#32396;&#25351;&#24478;&#28961;&#22987;&#20197;&#20358;&#21070;&#37027;&#30456;&#32396;&#12289;&#36011;&#31359;&#36942;&#21435;&#29694;&#22312;&#26410;&#20358;&#28961;&#37327;&#29983;&#27515;&#30340;&#24847;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#12290;&#27492;&#24515;&#35672;&#20043;&#27969;&#25215;&#36617;&#33879;&#36942;&#21435;&#19968;&#20999;&#34892;&#28858;&#33287;&#32147;&#39511;&#25152;&#30041;&#19979;&#30340;&#32722;&#27683;&#33287;&#26989;&#21147;&#31278;&#23376;&#65292;&#20316;&#28858;&#26410;&#20358;&#26524;&#22577;&#29983;&#36215;&#30340;&#25152;&#20381;&#12290;&#20760;&#31649;&#24515;&#26412;&#36523;&#28961;&#26377;&#33258;&#24615;&#65292;&#20294;&#22312;&#19990;&#20439;&#23652;&#38754;&#19978;&#65292;&#24515;&#32396;&#34987;&#25215;&#35469;&#28858;&#26989;&#26524;&#33287;&#36650;&#36852;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#36879;&#36942;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#65292;&#27492;&#24515;&#32396;&#36880;&#27493;&#28136;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#32722;&#27683;&#12289;&#22686;&#38263;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#36681;&#21270;&#28858;&#35258;&#24735;&#20043;&#24515;&#65292;&#28982;&#32780;&#24478;&#20491;&#39636;&#30340;&#35282;&#24230;&#32780;&#35328;&#65292;&#20854;&#20316;&#28858;&#21516;&#19968;&#32147;&#39511;&#20043;&#27969;&#30340;&#36899;&#32396;&#24615;&#22987;&#32066;&#19981;&#35722;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mindstream\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mindstream<\/span>s, it is like holding a &ldquo;wish-fulfilling jewel&rdquo; that can fulfill all aspirations, enabling them to comprehend all teachings. If practitioners diligently cultivate great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, it is like the chariot of a universal monarch, surrounded and protected by a million soldiers wherever it goes, leading to the attainments and virtues of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>s.<\/p><h4>Bodhicitta, Great Compassion, and Altruism<\/h4><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bodhicitta<\/span> is the key to entering the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> path, and great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is its foundation. Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> arises from <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Altruism&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#3934;&#3923;&#3851;&#3925;&#3923;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Zhen pen); Wylie: gzhan phan; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Parahita&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The ethical principle of selflessly benefiting others, central to the bodhisattva path in Mahayana Buddhism. It involves cultivating compassion and acting for the welfare of all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#20182;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#65292;&#25351;&#28961;&#31169;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#20182;&#20154;&#65292;&#22521;&#39178;&#24904;&#24754;&#24515;&#20006;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#31119;&#31049;&#32780;&#34892;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/altruism\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">altruism<\/span>. Therefore, practitioners must constantly maintain an altruistic mindset in every thought and action.<\/p><h3>Three: Recognizing all Sentient Beings as Mothers<\/h3><p>The first stage of the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction is &ldquo;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&rdquo;. This teaching can be explained through both scriptural reasoning and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oral Transmission; &#21475;&#20659;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#40845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3939;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (lung); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Oral Transmission is a ceremony in which a guru reads aloud, to disciples, a Buddhist text that the guru has previously received from his\/her own guru.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#21475;&#20659;&#26159;&#19978;&#24107;&#21521;&#24351;&#23376;&#26391;&#35712;&#19978;&#24107;&#20808;&#21069;&#24478;&#33258;&#24049;&#19978;&#24107;&#37027;&#35041;&#25910;&#21040;&#30340;&#20315;&#32147;&#21475;&#20659;&#30340;&#20736;&#24335;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/oral-transmissio\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">oral transmission<\/span>. Here, we will use the process of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> entering the womb at the beginning of this life to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>demon<\/span>strate that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been our mothers in past lives.<\/p><p>Our current life began when our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> entered the mother&rsquo;s womb. <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Consciousness<\/span> is a continuous stream, like a river, where each moment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> arises as the immediate cause of the next. This continuity cannot originate from external material substances, which can only serve as contributing conditions. Therefore, some scientists&rsquo; claims that humans can create new life through technology are incorrect. While science can replicate physical organs, it cannot create <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>, as <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> must arise from the continuity of the previous moment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>. It cannot be artificially created through technology.<\/p><h4>Continuity of Consciousness and Past Lives<\/h4><p>In the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>sutra<\/span>s, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> uses the analogy of two candles: when an old candle is about to burn out, its flame is transferred to a new candle. The new flame is a continuation of the old flame, but it cannot be said that the new flame is identical to the old one. Similarly, although we may have been born as animals or gods in past lives, and now we are human, it does not mean that our current <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is the same as that of an animal or god. Instead, it means that our current <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is a continuation of those past streams of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span>.<\/p><p>Practitioners should reflect on whether <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> could arise suddenly without a prior cause. If <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> could arise spontaneously, then learning would lose its purpose. A spontaneously arising <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> would be fragmentary and discontinuous, unable to accumulate knowledge or skills from one moment to the next. This contradicts reality. Therefore, it is established that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is a continuous process, with each moment of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> arising from the previous one. Today&rsquo;s <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> arises from yesterday&rsquo;s, and so on, tracing back to the moment when our <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> first entered the womb (the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kalala; &#32687;&#32645;&#34253;&#20301;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Kalala&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kalala is the first stage of fetal development in Buddhist embryology.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20315;&#25945;&#23565;&#32974;&#20818;&#30332;&#32946;&#30340;&#31532;&#19968;&#38542;&#27573;&#20043;&#31281;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/kalala\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>kalala<\/span> stage). That initial <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> was also a continuation of the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> from the previous life. By extending this reasoning, we conclude that we have had countless past lives.<\/p><h4>Deduction of Countless Mothers<\/h4><p>Since we have had countless past lives, and in each life we have had a body, we must have been born through one of the four types of birth: womb-born, egg-born, moisture-born, or transformation-born. Among these, womb-born and egg-born require a mother. Thus, we have had countless mothers across our past lives, and it is impossible that the same person has been our mother in every life. From this, it follows that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been our mothers at some point, and likely multiple times.<\/p><p>For example, consider the beings on Earth, which undergo cycles of formation, existence, destruction, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>. When Earth is destroyed and before it is reformed, the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> of beings on Earth may have taken <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in the heavens or in other continents (such as <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Uttarakuru<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Jambudvipa<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Four continents&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#27954;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26519;&#35199;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3906;&#4019;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3934;&#3954;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ling zhi); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gling bzhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Four continents: Purvavideha (east of Sumeru), Aparagodaniya (west), Uttarakuru (north), and Jambudvipa (south, where Buddhism appears)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22235;&#22823;&#37096;&#27954;: &#26481;&#21213;&#31070;&#27954;&#12289;&#35199;&#29275;&#36032;&#27954;&#12289;&#21335;&#36109;&#37096;&#27954;&#21644;&#21271;&#20465;&#30439;&#27954;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/four-continents\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Uttarakuru<\/span>). <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Consciousness<\/span> continues unbroken, repeatedly entering the womb and taking on new lives. As the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32147;&#34255;, &#22865;&#32147;, &#20462;&#22810;&#32645;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3921;&#3964;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(do de); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mdo&amp;#039;i sde&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sutra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sutra means thread in Sanskrit. In Buddhism, the Sutra Pitaka (Sutta Pitaja), one of the Tripitaka, contains over 10,000 canonical teachings of Lord Buddha separated into&nbsp;5 collections (nikayas):\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#38263;&#37096; Digha Nikaya: long discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#20013;&#37096; Majjhima Nikaya: medium length discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#30456;&#25033;&#37096; Samyutta Nikaya: connected discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#22686;&#25903;&#37096; Anguttara Nikaya: numerical discourses&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&#23567;&#37096; Khuddaka Nikaya: minor collection&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nThere are three types of Sutras:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as spoken directly by Lord Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spoken by Bodhisattvas with inspiration and blessing of the Buddha&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;as compiled by disciples of Lord Buddha from his teachings&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sutra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>sutra<\/span>s teach, if we were to count the number of our past mothers using mustard seeds, even exhausting the number of particles of dust on Earth would not suffice to enumerate them all.<\/p><h4>Viewing All Sentient Beings as Our Mothers<\/h4><p>Our past mothers cared for and loved us just as deeply as our present mother. How, then, can we differentiate between <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> who have all been our mothers? Even if we do not recognize our past mothers in this life, the fact remains that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been our mothers, and they have shown us immense kindness. Therefore, we should not view <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> with discrimination but regard them all as equal to our present mother. Failing to do so is akin to failing to recognize our own mother in this life.<\/p><h4>Practicing &ldquo;Recognizing Sentient Beings as Mothers&rdquo;<\/h4><p>When practicing &ldquo;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers,&rdquo; practitioners should start with beings close to them&mdash;those who easily evoke <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> or <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>&mdash;and gradually expand outward. This approach makes it easier to generate realizations. It is not advisable to start with neutral beings while neglecting those cl<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Oser, Woeser, Light ray&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;22&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;23&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#20809;&#36637;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21807;&#33394;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3935;&#3962;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (oser); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;od zer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div data-pm-slice=&amp;quot;1 1 []&amp;quot; data-en-clipboard=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Oser is a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Woeser, &Ouml;ser, Odzer.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&#21807;&#33394; \/ &#25105;&#33394; \/ &#32173;&#33394; &#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%91%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%9f%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%a2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>oser<\/span> to us. Following the sequence of friends, enemies, and neutral beings, practitioners should regard all three types of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as essentially the same as their present mother.<\/p><h4>Relationship Between &ldquo;Recognizing Sentient Beings as Mothers&rdquo; and Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>The reason for practicing &ldquo;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&rdquo; before generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> is that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> arises from great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which in turn arises from affectionate loving-kindness. Affectionate loving-kindness is cultivated through the practices of remembering and repaying kindness. Among all our relatives, our mother is the closest and most kind. Therefore, practicing &ldquo;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&rdquo; is the easiest way to generate gratitude and the wish to repay kindness, which then leads to affectionate loving-kindness, great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, and ultimately, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Four: Recalling their Kindness<\/h3><p>The practice of &ldquo;Recalling kindness&rdquo; must be based on the prior cultivation of &ldquo;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers&rdquo;. Practitioners, having recognized that all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> have been their mothers in countless past lives, should reflect that these beings are no different from their present mother, who has shown them boundless love through giving birth and raising them. By contemplating the profound kindness of these mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, practitioners can cultivate gratitude.<\/p><p>When practicing this <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhyana, Meditative Absorption, Meditation, Contemplation, Mental Concentration, Samten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;,&nbsp;&#38748;&#24942;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#19977;&#28359;\/&#26705;&#20025;); Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;tibetan&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3928;&#3851;&#3906;&#3919;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sam tan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsam gtan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhy&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jhana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dhyana refers to the meditative states of deep concentration that are developed through the practice of calming the mind. It is one of the central concepts in Buddhist meditation, particularly in the development of right concentration, which is the eighth factor of the Noble Eightfold Path. Dhyana is often translated as &amp;quot;meditation&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;absorption,&amp;quot; but it specifically refers to the advanced states of mental unification that arise from sustained attention on a single object. There are traditionally four dhyanas, which are classified according to their characteristics and the mental factors present in each state. These states are characterized by the progressive abandonment of coarse mental factors and the development of increasingly refined states of bliss, one-pointedness, and equanimity. In the Vajrayana tradition, dhyana is also referred to as the &amp;quot;perfection of meditative concentration&amp;quot; and is one of the six perfections. Samten is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;&#26159;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#32722;&#27490;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#28145;&#23652;&#23560;&#27880;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#31146;&#20462;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#27010;&#24565;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#22312;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#20013;&#27491;&#23450;&#30340;&#20462;&#32722;&#20013;&#12290;&#31146;&#37027;&#24120;&#35695;&#28858;&#12300;&#31146;&#23450;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#38748;&#24942;&#12301;&#65292;&#20294;&#29305;&#25351;&#30001;&#24515;&#19968;&#22659;&#24615;&#25152;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#36914;&#38542;&#31146;&#23450;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&#20659;&#32113;&#19978;&#26377;&#22235;&#31278;&#31146;&#37027;&#65292;&#20381;&#20854;&#29305;&#24501;&#21450;&#30456;&#25033;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#32780;&#20998;&#39006;&#12290;&#36889;&#20123;&#29376;&#24907;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#36880;&#27493;&#25448;&#38626;&#36611;&#31895;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#20006;&#30332;&#23637;&#24840;&#20358;&#24840;&#24494;&#32048;&#30340;&#21916;&#12289;&#24515;&#19968;&#22659;&#24615;&#33287;&#25448;&#12290;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#31146;&#37027;&#20134;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#12300;&#38748;&#24942;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12301;&#65292;&#28858;&#20845;&#24230;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#26705;&#20025;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/meditation-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">meditation<\/span>, one should not <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">visualize<\/span> these mother-like beings as powerful or strong but rather as frail and suffering from illness or hardship. Regardless of the teaching being practiced, it is essential to immerse oneself fully in the visualization, as if personally experiencing the situation. For example, when meditating on the sufferings of the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s, practitioners must vividly feel the intense pain of burning fires, freezing cold, or unbearable hunger. Similarly, when practicing &ldquo;Recalling kindness,&rdquo; one must imagine being in the womb or cradled in the arms of one&rsquo;s mother, deeply reflecting on her acts of giving birth and nurturing.<\/p><p>It is crucial not to remain detached, like observing a painting, where the subject and oneself remain separate. Such detachment will fail to generate any genuine realization or spiritual attainment.<\/p><p>The practice of recalling kindness can be divided into three stages: early, middle, and later.<\/p><p>In the early stage , reflect on the mother&rsquo;s condition after becoming pregnant. Every movement becomes inconvenient, even simple actions like turning over, sitting down, or standing up become heavy burdens for her. Yet, she does not complain. Her diet and daily activities are restricted to ensure the safety of the fetus. She avoids foods she once enjoyed if they might harm the child. All these sacrifices stem from her <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anatman, Selfless&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#25105;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (bdag med); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdag med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anatman;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Anatta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Anatman refers to the Buddhist doctrine of total absence of a &amp;quot;soul&amp;quot;, self or knowable existence, internal or external to a person&amp;#039;s body and mind.&nbsp;Each living being is only an association of five Aggregates (skandhas), which disintegrate at death.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#32681;&#35498;&#65292;&#27599;&#19968;&#20491;&#29983;&#21629;&#21482;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#30340;&#32858;&#21512;&#65292;&#22312;&#27515;&#20129;&#26178;&#20998;&#35299;&#65292;&#27794;&#26377;&#27704;&#24646;&#30340;&#33258;&#25105;&#38728;&#39746;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/anatman\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">selfless<\/span> and profound maternal love.<\/p><p>Consider this: if we were to carry an object weighing one or two kilograms for just a few hours, we would feel tired and impatient. Yet, a mother carries this weight throughout her pregnancy, especially during the last three months when the burden is heaviest. If not for her careful protection, how could we have been born safely, with healthy bodies, and the opportunity to study the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>? Despite enduring numerous inconveniences and pains, she does not consider them hardships. When the child is finally born, her joy is overwhelming, and all her suffering vanishes in an instant.<\/p><p>After the child is born, the mother provides meticulous care, teaching the child essential life skills such as eating, drinking, walking, and speaking. She worries about the child&rsquo;s health and seeks medical help tirelessly whenever the child falls ill. She sacrifices her own comfort, staying up late and losing sleep to care for the child. She reserves the best food for the child, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mara, Demon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#26460;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3921;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(D&uuml;);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bdud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;m&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mara is a powerful god who dwells in Tushita. Mara is associated with death, rebirth and desire. He attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22825;&#39764;&#26159;&#23621;&#20303;&#22312;&#20828;&#29575;&#22825;&#30340;&#31070;&#65292; &#20182;&#33287;&#27515;&#20129;&#12289;&#37325;&#29983;&#21644;&#24958;&#26395;&#26377;&#38364;&#12290; &#20182;&#26366;&#35430;&#22294;&#38459;&#27490;&#20315;&#38464;&#22312;&#33769;&#25552;&#36838;&#32822;&#35657;&#24735;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>demon<\/span>strating boundless kindness. These acts of love are too numerous to count. This is the middle stage of a mother&rsquo;s kindness.<\/p><p>As the child grows older, the mother, who could otherwise live a simpler life focused only on her own needs, works tirelessly to provide better living conditions for the child. She competes with others for resources and wealth, even committing negative actions that may lead to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in the lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s. Despite this, she willingly endures such consequences, striving to accumulate wealth so the child can live comfortably. She sacrifices her youth and bears many burdens, yet does not consider it suffering. This is the later stage of a mother&rsquo;s kindness.<\/p><h4>The Universality and Importance of Gratitude<\/h4><p>However, after growing up, some children, having achieved success, wealth, power, or status, may think highly of themselves and forget the kindness of their mother&rsquo;s nurturing. This attitude is deeply mistaken. Reflect on the fact that our abilities today are cultivated gradually through upbringing, not innate. Without our mother&rsquo;s kindness, how could we possess these abilities?<\/p><p>This maternal love is not limited to humans. Even animal mothers, though differing in physical and mental capacities, show no less love for their offspring than human mothers. This can be observed in documentaries capturing the daily lives of animals. Their protective instincts and sacrifices for their young mirror the kindness of human mothers.<\/p><h4>Practicing &ldquo;Recalling Kindness&rdquo;<\/h4><p>When practicing &ldquo;Recalling kindness,&rdquo; practitioners should begin by focusing on their own parents, reflecting deeply on their kindness in raising them. Then, gradually extend this reflection to include friends and relatives, followed by neutral beings, and finally, even enemies. This is the method for practicing &ldquo;Recalling kindness.&rdquo;<\/p><p>By expanding the scope of gratitude in this way, practitioners can break down barriers of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Raga \/ Attachment \/ Desire \/ Passion \/ Greed; &#36010; \/ &#36010;&#24859;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3921;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(dochak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;dod chags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;R&#257;ga&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Raga, Attachment is a destructive mental factor defined as a strong longing or craving for an object, person, or experience. It is one of the six root defilements in the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition and is counted among the three poisons (along with aversion and delusion). Its characteristic is clinging to an object, and its function is to create dissatisfaction and suffering by perpetuating the cycle of craving and grasping. Attachment arises when one perceives an object as pleasurable or desirable, and it leads to further attachment, thereby sustaining the cycle of birth and death. It is the primary cause of conflict, as it motivates individuals to seek personal gratification at the expense of others. The antidote to attachment is the recognition of the impermanent and unsatisfactory nature of all phenomena, as well as the cultivation of generosity and renunciation.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36010;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#20855;&#30772;&#22750;&#24615;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#34920;&#29694;&#28858;&#23565;&#23565;&#35937;&#12289;&#20154;&#25110;&#32147;&#39511;&#30340;&#24375;&#28872;&#28212;&#26395;&#33287;&#36010;&#27714;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#36010;&#34987;&#21015;&#28858;&#20845;&#26681;&#26412;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20134;&#28858;&#19977;&#27602;&#65288;&#36010;&#12289;&#30603;&#12289;&#30305;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#20854;&#29305;&#30456;&#28858;&#22519;&#33879;&#25152;&#32227;&#65292;&#20316;&#29992;&#28858;&#36879;&#36942;&#24310;&#32396;&#28212;&#24859;&#33287;&#22519;&#21462;&#30340;&#24490;&#29872;&#32780;&#29986;&#29983;&#19981;&#28415;&#33287;&#30171;&#33510;&#12290;&#36010;&#26044;&#24863;&#30693;&#21040;&#23565;&#35937;&#28858;&#24709;&#24847;&#25110;&#21487;&#24847;&#26178;&#29983;&#36215;&#65292;&#36914;&#32780;&#24341;&#29983;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36010;&#24859;&#65292;&#24478;&#32780;&#24310;&#32396;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#36010;&#26159;&#34909;&#31361;&#30340;&#20027;&#35201;&#21407;&#22240;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#23427;&#39493;&#20351;&#20491;&#20154;&#20197;&#29351;&#29298;&#20182;&#20154;&#28858;&#20195;&#20729;&#20358;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#30340;&#28415;&#36275;&#12290;&#36010;&#30340;&#23565;&#27835;&#26159;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30340;&#28961;&#24120;&#33287;&#33510;&#24615;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#20462;&#25345;&#24067;&#26045;&#33287;&#20986;&#38626;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/attachment\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">attachment<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hate, Aversion or Anger&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#30603;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3934;&#3962;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shyedang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhe sdang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dvesha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dvesha (Hate, aversion or anger) is one of the three poisons.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#30603; (&#24996;&#24594;&#12289;&#21421;&#24801;) &#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#27602;&#20043;&#19968; &#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/anger\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aversion<\/span>, cultivating a universal sense of gratitude toward all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>. This lays the foundation for generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Five: Wishing to Repay their Kindness<\/h3><p>If practitioners can genuinely generate realizations through the practice of &ldquo;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers,&rdquo; they will naturally progress to practicing &ldquo;Recalling kindness.&rdquo; If they can genuinely generate realizations through &ldquo;Recalling kindness,&rdquo; they will easily develop the aspiration to repay kindness.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentient beings<\/span>, obscured by ignorance and tormented by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obscurations, suffer immensely in both body and mind. They are like an elderly woman who has lost her mental faculties (her <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana, Consciousness; &#35672;&#34314; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;VIiyi&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;JLqJ4b ChMk0b&amp;quot; data-language-for-alternatives=&amp;quot;zh-TW&amp;quot; data-language-to-translate-into=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot; data-phrase-index=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; data-number-of-phrases=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;Q4iAWc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#21335;&#33293;, &#21335;&#24052; &#21332;&#24052;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nam she)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3940;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(nampar shepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam shes, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par shes pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vijnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vinnana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Vijnana (consciousness) is one of the five aggregates and the third of the 12 nidanas. In the wheel of life, it is shown as a monkey jumping around in uncontrolled manner.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35672;&#34314;&#26159;&#20116;&#34314;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21450;&#31532;&#19977;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#12290;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;, &#25551;&#32362;&#28858;&#19968;&#38587;&#27963;&#36454;&#20098;&#36339;&#30340;&#29492;&#23376;&#34389;&#22312;&#26377;&#20845;&#20491;&#31383;&#25142;&#30340;&#31354;&#23627;&#20043;&#20013;. &#19981;&#23433;&#26044;&#23460;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;, &#34249;&#33879;&#20845;&#26681;(&#30524;&#12289;&#32819;&#12289;&#40763;&#12289;&#33292;&#12289;&#36523;&#12289;&#24847;) &#33287;&#22806;&#30028;&#20845;&#22645;&#65288;&#33394;&#12289;&#32882;&#12289;&#39321;&#12289;&#21619;&#12289;&#35320;&#12289;&#27861;&#65289;&#25509;&#35320;&#65292;&#21463;&#29033;&#24817;&#29309;&#24341;&#32780;&#36896;&#26989;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/consciousness-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">consciousness<\/span> is controlled by greed, anger, and ignorance, leaving her unable to act autonomously, trapped in <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>), blind (unable to see or recognize the path to a good <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in the human or celestial <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s), afflicted with serious illness (tormented by <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Afflictions, Defilements&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#32016;&#22818;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3928;&#3964;&#3908;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ny&ouml;n mong); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyon mongs&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Klesha;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Mental agitations are negative destructive emotions and states of mind, such as ignorance, attachment, aversion, anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, delusion and doubt, can cause a person to lose peace of mind and self-control. These are causes of suffering and are the roots of samsaric existence.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#29033;&#24817;&#26159;&#24773;&#32210;&#38556;&#31001;&#21253;&#25324;&#36010;&#30603;&#30196;&#24930;&#24524;&#22930;&#31561;&#65292;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#24817;&#20043;&#22240;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/afflictions\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">affliction<\/span>s and karmic obstacles, enduring physical and mental suffering), burning with the fires of anger (hatred) and thirst (greed), burdened by heavy loads (having committed grave <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>), lacking a cane for support (no one to help them escape suffering), and without a guide (no virtuous teacher to lead them out of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samsara&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3905;&#3964;&#3938;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (khorwa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;khor ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sa&#7747;s&#257;ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth for all sentient beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36650;&#36852;&#24847;&#24605;&#26159;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#20197;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#24418;&#24335;&#65292;&#19981;&#26039;&#32147;&#27511;&#29983;&#27515;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samsara\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">samsara<\/span>). Stumbling and staggering toward a cliff (the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s), she unknowingly approaches great danger. On the verge of falling from the cliff, even strangers unrelated to her would feel <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> and extend a helping hand. How much more so should her own children, who have a close bond, take action to rescue her?<\/p><p>Practitioners, having attained this <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Precious Human Birth \/ Leisure and Endowments \/ Favorable Conditions for Practice; &#20154;&#29983;&#38627;&#24471;\/ &#26247;&#28415; \/ &#23542;&#36020;&#20154;&#36523;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dal-jor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;K&#7779;a&#7751;asampad \/ Ksanasampad &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\/ &#20062;&#21449;&#25295;&#19977;&#32573;&#22810; = &amp;quot;moment endowed with opportunity&amp;quot; = &#26247;&#28415; \/ &#20855;&#36275;&#27231;&#32227;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;k&#7779;a&#7751;a \/ &#20062;&#21449;&#25295; = &amp;quot;moment&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;opportune time&amp;quot; = &#26178;&#27231; \/ &#21049;&#37027;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sampad \/ &#19977;&#32573;&#22810; = &amp;quot;endowment&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;possession&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;perfection&amp;quot; = &#22291;&#28415; \/ &#20855;&#36275;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nPrecious human birth refers to the rare and valuable set of conditions that constitute a fully qualified human life for Dharma practice. It is traditionally divided into eight freedoms from unfavorable rebirth states and ten endowments that provide the complete circumstances for spiritual development. The eight freedoms are freedom from birth as a hell being, hungry ghost, animal, barbarian, long-life god, and freedom from holding wrong views, being born in an age without a Buddha, or being mentally incapacitated. The ten endowments consist of five personal endowments, including having a human body, being born in a central land, possessing intact senses, and having faith in the teachings, along with five circumstantial endowments, such as the presence of a Buddha, the teaching of the Dharma, and the support of spiritual companions. Recognizing the rarity and value of this opportunity serves as a primary motivation for engaging wholeheartedly in spiritual practice.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23542;&#36020;&#20154;&#36523;&#25351;&#20855;&#36275;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#20043;&#23436;&#25972;&#26781;&#20214;&#30340;&#29645;&#36020;&#20154;&#36523;&#65292;&#20659;&#32113;&#19978;&#20998;&#28858;&#36960;&#38626;&#20843;&#31278;&#28961;&#26247;&#33287;&#20855;&#36275;&#21313;&#31278;&#22291;&#28415;&#12290;&#20843;&#28961;&#26247;&#21253;&#25324;&#26410;&#29983;&#26044;&#22320;&#29508;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#38263;&#22781;&#22825;&#12289;&#37002;&#22320;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#26410;&#20855;&#37034;&#35211;&#12289;&#26410;&#29983;&#26044;&#28961;&#20315;&#20986;&#19990;&#20043;&#26263;&#21163;&#12289;&#36523;&#24515;&#20581;&#20840;&#38750;&#24858;&#30305;&#12290;&#21313;&#22291;&#28415;&#21063;&#21253;&#21547;&#20116;&#31278;&#33258;&#22291;&#28415;&#65306;&#24471;&#20154;&#36523;&#12289;&#29983;&#20013;&#22283;&#12289;&#35576;&#26681;&#20855;&#36275;&#12289;&#28961;&#23487;&#26989;&#39003;&#20498;&#12289;&#23565;&#27861;&#29983;&#20449;&#65307;&#20197;&#21450;&#20116;&#31278;&#20182;&#22291;&#28415;&#65306;&#20315;&#20986;&#19990;&#12289;&#35498;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#25945;&#27861;&#20303;&#19990;&#12289;&#38568;&#27861;&#34892;&#32773;&#12289;&#26377;&#24107;&#38263;&#24904;&#24754;&#25885;&#21463;&#12290;&#20102;&#30693;&#27492;&#26247;&#28415;&#20154;&#36523;&#20043;&#31232;&#26377;&#21487;&#36020;&#65292;&#26159;&#28608;&#30332;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#31934;&#36914;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#37325;&#35201;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;Leisure and Fortune; &#26247;&#28415; (&#36845;&#20037;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(del jor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Leisure and Fortune human life. &#26247;&#28415;&#20154;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/precious-human-birth\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">precious human life<\/span> endowed with leisure and opportunity, and having encountered virtuous teachers who teach the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma \/ The Teaching \/ The Truth \/ The Cosmic Law \/ Phenomenon&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27861;&#23542;, &#20315;&#27861;, &#29694;&#35937;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#21371;&#25289;, &#21371;, &#36948;&#29802;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho la), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (cho); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos la, chos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhamma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dhama is one of the most central and multifaceted terms in Buddhism. It carries three primary meanings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;1. it refers to the teachings of the Buddha, the liberating truth that he discovered and expounded, which is encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. it refers to the ultimate truth or reality itself, the natural law that governs the universe and the way things truly are.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. in the Abhidhamma tradition, it refers to the fundamental constituents of reality, the basic phenomena that arise and cease in dependence on causes and conditions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In all three senses, Dhamma is the second of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha), and taking refuge in the Dhamma is the foundation of Buddhist practice. The Dhamma is described as ak&#257;lika (timeless), ehipassika (inviting verification), and opaneyyika (leading inward).&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#26368;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#19988;&#22810;&#23652;&#30340;&#34899;&#35486;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#25215;&#36617;&#19977;&#23652;&#20027;&#35201;&#21547;&#32681;&#65306;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#65292;&#21363;&#20182;&#25152;&#30332;&#29694;&#20006;&#38369;&#36848;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#30495;&#29702;&#65292;&#28611;&#32302;&#28858;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#20108;&#65292;&#25351;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;&#25110;&#23526;&#30456;&#26412;&#36523;&#65292;&#21363;&#25903;&#37197;&#23431;&#23449;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#27861;&#21063;&#33287;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#65307;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20854;&#19977;&#65292;&#22312;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#25351;&#27083;&#25104;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#35201;&#32032;&#65292;&#21363;&#20381;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#29983;&#28357;&#30340;&#22522;&#26412;&#29694;&#35937;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36889;&#19977;&#31278;&#24847;&#32681;&#20013;&#65292;&#27861;&#30342;&#28858;&#19977;&#23542;&#65288;&#20315;&#12289;&#27861;&#12289;&#20711;&#65289;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#30344;&#20381;&#27861;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&#27861;&#34987;&#25551;&#36848;&#28858; ak&#257;lika&#65288;&#36229;&#36234;&#26178;&#38291;&#65289;&#12289;ehipassika&#65288;&#36992;&#35531;&#35242;&#33258;&#39511;&#35657;&#65289;&#33287; opaneyyika&#65288;&#23566;&#21521;&#20839;&#22312;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dharma has many meanings:&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;path to realize truth&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;virtuous state of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;teachings of the Buddha (Buddhadharma)&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;spiritual tradition&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;life&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;phenomena&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of knowledge&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;object of mind&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dharma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Dharma<\/span>, enabling them to study <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings, are like individuals with clear vision who can see their surroundings. Thus, they are the most suitable candidates to undertake the task of rescuing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>&mdash;like their mothers&mdash;who are trapped in perilous situations.<\/p><h4>Practice and Goal of Repaying Kindness<\/h4><p>When practicing &ldquo;Repaying kindness,&rdquo; practitioners should not only assist mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> in alleviating temporary suffering (such as providing food, clothing, or medicine when they lack these necessities) but also contemplate how to help <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> completely free themselves from suffering and attain ultimate happiness. Unless one attains perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood, it will be impossible to fully resolve the suffering of mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> who desire happiness yet cannot obtain it and wish to avoid suffering yet cannot escape it. Through such reflection, practitioners generate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> aspiration: &ldquo;For the benefit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, I <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood.&rdquo;<\/p><h3>Six: Developing Loving Kindness<\/h3><p>The key to generating affectionate loving-kindness lies in whether practitioners can repeatedly familiarize themselves with the practices of &ldquo;Recognizing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> as mothers,&rdquo; &ldquo;Recalling kindness,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Repaying kindness.&rdquo; If they can generate realizations through repeated practice, they will naturally develop affectionate loving-kindness, viewing all mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> with love. The practice of affectionate loving-kindness can be divided into three stages:<\/p><p>1 Why not enable <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> to attain happiness?<br>2 May all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> possess happiness. (Aspiration)<br>3 I will take on the responsibility of enabling <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> to attain happiness. (Altruistic intention)<\/p><h3>Seven: Developing Compassion<\/h3><p>After meditating on <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">equanimity<\/span>, which is like leveling the ground, practitioners must plant the seed of all virtues&mdash;great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>&mdash;into the soil and continuously nourish it with the water and nutrients of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. This analogy illustrates that great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is the seed of all virtues and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>.<\/p><p><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> can be broadly categorized into three types:<\/p><ol><li>Ordinary <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which arises toward one&rsquo;s own children.<\/li><li>Me<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Demi-god, Asura; &#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#36947; (&#25289;&#25935;\/&#25289;&#40635;&#38899;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(lha min)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3939;&#4023;&#3851;&#3928;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(lha miyin); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;lha min, lha ma yin&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Asura;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Demi-god (asura) is one of the six classes of beings (Sadgati) in Buddhist cosmology. Asuras are supernatural beings who live in lower levels of mount Sumeru, obsessed with sensuous aspects of existence and jealousy, endlessly engaged in wars against the Devas (gods).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21972;&#24594;&#23241;&#22930;&#24515;&#37325;&#12289;&#22909;&#29229;&#39717;&#65292;&#24120;&#33287;&#22825;&#20154;&#25136;&#29229;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/asura\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>asura<\/span>ble <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which arises through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhyana, Meditative Absorption, Meditation, Contemplation, Mental Concentration, Samten&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#23450;, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;,&nbsp;&#38748;&#24942;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#19977;&#28359;\/&#26705;&#20025;); Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;tibetan&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3942;&#3928;&#3851;&#3906;&#3919;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sam tan); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bsam gtan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dhy&#257;na&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jhana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dhyana refers to the meditative states of deep concentration that are developed through the practice of calming the mind. It is one of the central concepts in Buddhist meditation, particularly in the development of right concentration, which is the eighth factor of the Noble Eightfold Path. Dhyana is often translated as &amp;quot;meditation&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;absorption,&amp;quot; but it specifically refers to the advanced states of mental unification that arise from sustained attention on a single object. There are traditionally four dhyanas, which are classified according to their characteristics and the mental factors present in each state. These states are characterized by the progressive abandonment of coarse mental factors and the development of increasingly refined states of bliss, one-pointedness, and equanimity. In the Vajrayana tradition, dhyana is also referred to as the &amp;quot;perfection of meditative concentration&amp;quot; and is one of the six perfections. Samten is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31146;&#37027;&#26159;&#36879;&#36942;&#20462;&#32722;&#27490;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#28145;&#23652;&#23560;&#27880;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#31146;&#20462;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#27010;&#24565;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#29305;&#21029;&#26159;&#22312;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#20013;&#27491;&#23450;&#30340;&#20462;&#32722;&#20013;&#12290;&#31146;&#37027;&#24120;&#35695;&#28858;&#12300;&#31146;&#23450;&#12301;&#25110;&#12300;&#38748;&#24942;&#12301;&#65292;&#20294;&#29305;&#25351;&#30001;&#24515;&#19968;&#22659;&#24615;&#25152;&#25104;&#23601;&#30340;&#36914;&#38542;&#31146;&#23450;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&#20659;&#32113;&#19978;&#26377;&#22235;&#31278;&#31146;&#37027;&#65292;&#20381;&#20854;&#29305;&#24501;&#21450;&#30456;&#25033;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#32780;&#20998;&#39006;&#12290;&#36889;&#20123;&#29376;&#24907;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#36880;&#27493;&#25448;&#38626;&#36611;&#31895;&#30340;&#24515;&#25152;&#65292;&#20006;&#30332;&#23637;&#24840;&#20358;&#24840;&#24494;&#32048;&#30340;&#21916;&#12289;&#24515;&#19968;&#22659;&#24615;&#33287;&#25448;&#12290;&#22312;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#31146;&#37027;&#20134;&#34987;&#31281;&#28858;&#12300;&#38748;&#24942;&#27874;&#32645;&#34588;&#22810;&#12301;&#65292;&#28858;&#20845;&#24230;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#26705;&#20025;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/meditation-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">meditation<\/span>.<\/li><li>Great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, which serves as the immediate cause for generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> in the Sevenfold Cause and Effect Instruction.<\/li><\/ol><p>Additionally, based on the object of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, it can be divided into three types:<\/p><ol><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> arising from observing the various sufferings of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, called <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> related to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> arising from contemplating the impermanence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> (phenomena), called <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> related to phenomena.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Compassion<\/span> arising from understanding the truth of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Dependent Origination, Dependent Arising, Interdependence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#28359;&#21746;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (tendrel), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3999;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3909;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3926;&#3938;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten &amp;#039;brel&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rten cing &amp;#039;brel bar &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;byung ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prat&#299;tyasamutp&#257;da&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Pratityasamutpada, Dependent arising is a key doctrine common to all schools of Buddhism: all things (inner and outer phenomena, dharmas and principles) arise in dependence upon other things.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32227;&#36215;&#26159;&#26997;&#37325;&#35201;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#27010;&#24565;: &#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#28858;&#27861;&#37117;&#26159;&#22240;&#21508;&#31278;&#22240;&#32227;&#21644;&#21512;&#32780;&#25104;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/dependent-origination\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">dependent origination<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Emptiness, Voidness, Vacuity, Shunyata&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;, &#31354;&#27491;&#35211; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#24052;&#23612;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tong pa nyi), &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3999;&#3964;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926;&#3851;&#3913;&#3954;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tongwa nyi), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3953;&#3956;&#3851;&#3923;&#4017;&#3851;&#3919;&#3953;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (shunyata);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;stong pa nyid, stong ba nyid&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#347;&#363;nyat&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Emptiness: every phenomenon is ultimately empty of existence independently, or existing from its own side.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31354;&#24615;: &#25152;&#26377;&#20839;&#22806;&#35576;&#27861;&#30342;&#38750;&#23526;&#26377;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#30342;&#31354;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/emptiness\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emptiness<\/span>, observing that <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> lack inherent existence, called <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> related to <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class='cmtt-audio-player '&gt;&lt;a class='wp-embedded-audio' href='http:\/\/en'&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ultimate Truth, Absolute Truth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21213;&#32681;&#35558; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26481;&#20025;&#30331;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3921;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(don-dam den-pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;don dam bden pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Paramartha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Paramartha (ultimate or absolute truth) is the way things really are,&nbsp; as distinct from how things appear to be or Samvriti (conventional truth).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Different Buddhist schools have different meanings for Paramartha. According to Nagarjuna, phenomena are ultimately empty (sunyata) in nature, without inherent self essence, but exist depending on other phenomena.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21213;&#32681;&#35558;&#26159;&#31350;&#31455;&#30495;&#29702;: &#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#30342;&#26159;&#28961;&#25105;&#31354;&#24615;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/paramartha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ultimate truth<\/span>.<\/li><\/ol><h4>Meditating on Compassion<\/h4><p>The method for meditating on <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> involves visualizing the suffering endured by beings around us and in the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s, thereby generating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. For example:<\/p><ul><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> people being killed or facing execution due to c<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rime; &#21033;&#32654;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3954;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(rime); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ris med&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Rime is non-sectarian movement begun by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) and Jamgon Kongtrul 1813-1899) and their disciples in Kham in the nineteenth century, involving the Bon, Sakya, Kagyu and Nyingma schools, allowing more freedom of choice within the various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, uniting the similarities and recognizing the differences to create common grounds.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21033;&#32654;&#36939;&#21205;&#26159;&#30001;&#34083;&#25562;&#27453;&#21746;&#26106;&#27874;&#65288;1820-1892&#65289;&#21644;&#34083;&#36002;&#24247;&#26970;&#65288;1813-1899&#65289;&#21450;&#20854;&#24351;&#23376;&#26044;&#21313;&#20061;&#19990;&#32000;&#22312;&#24247;&#21312;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#38750;&#23447;&#27966;&#36939;&#21205;&#65292;&#28041;&#21450;&#33519;&#25945;&#12289;&#34217;&#36838;&#27966;&#12289;&#22134;&#33289;&#27966;&#21644;&#23527;&#29802;&#27966;&#65292;&#20801;&#35377;&#22312;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#26356;&#22810;&#30340;&#36984;&#25799;&#33258;&#30001;&#65292;&#32113;&#19968;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#21508;&#20491;&#27969;&#27966;&#30456;&#20284;&#20043;&#34389;&#65292;&#35469;&#35672;&#19981;&#21516;&#20043;&#34389;&#65292;&#20197;&#21109;&#36896;&#20849;&#21516;&#40670;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rime\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rime<\/span>s, filled with terror and helplessness.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> beings in the hell <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span> enduring cruel punishments of extreme cold and heat, groaning and wailing in agony.<\/li><li><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Visualize&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35264;&#24819; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#31859;&#36845;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3954;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3919;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(mig te); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dmigs te&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/visualize\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Visualize<\/span> beings in the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hungry Ghosts&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#39187;&#39740;&#36947;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3921;&#4013;&#3906;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(yi dak); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yi dwags&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Preta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Hungry ghosts (preta) is one of the six classes of beings in Buddhist cosmology. These beings are reborn in the Preta realm because of miserliness, corrupted, greedy karma in their past lives. In the Preta realm, they are in constant extreme hunger and thirst.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#39187;&#39740;&#36947;&#26159;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#19979;&#19977;&#36947;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#36010;&#23146;&#30340;&#26989;&#26524;&#32780;&#25237;&#29983;&#33267;&#27492;&#65292;&#24646;&#20037;&#34389;&#26044;&#29467;&#28872;&#39138;&#39187;&#33287;&#20094;&#28212;&#29376;&#24907;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/preta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">hungry ghost<\/span> <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span> constantly tormented by hunger and thirst. Even when they manage to obtain a small amount of food, it is instantly destroyed by fierce flames erupting from their throats before reaching their mouths.<\/li><\/ul><p>Through such contemplation, practitioners generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><p>The situation of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> in the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s is utterly tragic, and the suffering they endure is immense. However, even those who have not yet fallen into the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s are constantly creating <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, accumulating countless causes for future <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jati, Rebirth&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#21703;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3984;&#4017;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(kye wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;skye ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;jati&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;Jati is 11th of the 12 nidanas. In the Wheel of Life, it is shown as a woman giving birth.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31532;&#21313;&#19968;&#32227;&#36215;&#25903;&#28858;&#12300;&#29983;&#12301;&#12290; &#24859;&#21462;&#26377;&#24471;&#29983;&#65292;&#20845;&#36947;&#36650;&#36852;&#22294;&#20013;&#65292;&#20197;&#27491;&#22312;&#20998;&#23081;&#30340;&#23142;&#22899;&#27604;&#21947;&#29983;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rebirth\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">rebirth<\/span> in these <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s. Inevitably, they will descend into the lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s and endure unimaginable suffering.<\/p><p>Practitioners should repeatedly contemplate and familiarize themselves with this reality, cultivating a state of mind akin to that of a loving mother who cannot bear to see her child suffer. Just as a mother would do everything in her power to save her child from pain, practitioners should generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, aspiring to help all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> escape all forms of suffering and its causes.<\/p><h3>Eight: Generating the Altruistic Intention<\/h3><p>The arising of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> means that practitioners have already generated the intention to free all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. Altruistic intention, on the other hand, arises through continuously reinforcing and familiarizing oneself with this intention, leading to a spontaneous resolve to personally take on the responsibility of freeing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. The difference between the two lies in the fact that great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> is an intention, while altruistic intention is a firm determination.<\/p><h4>Arising and Verification of Altruistic Intention<\/h4><p>Altruistic intention arises through the continuous cultivation of great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. Whether practitioners can swiftly attain accomplishment through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span> depends crucially on whether they can generate intense <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. The extent of their <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> determines the speed at which they achieve realization.<\/p><p>In the past, accomplished masters who earnestly cultivated <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span> shared certain signs to help practitioners examine whether they have truly generated great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>. For example:<\/p><ul><li>When contemplating the sufferings of the three lower <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Realm, Buddha field, Abode, Universe&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28136;&#22303;, &#23431;&#23449;, &#23621;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#33288;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3954;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(zhing); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhing&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha-field\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>realm<\/span>s, their hair stands on end.<\/li><li>When thinking about <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> currently enduring such immense suffering, they are overcome with sorrow, tears streaming down their faces.<\/li><li>They feel like helpless children, sitting on the ground, repeatedly calling out for their mother.<\/li><\/ul><p>These are the criteria by which practitioners can judge whether they have genuinely developed great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>.<\/p><h4>Practice of Altruistic Intention<\/h4><p>If practitioners can generate great <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karuna&nbsp; \/ Compassion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24754;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#23527;&#20625;); Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3942;&#3993;&#3954;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Nyingje); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;snying rje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Karu&#7751;&#257;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Karuna , Compassion, one of Four immeasurables, is the heartfelt aspiration to free all sentient beings from suffering and its causes. It is one of the two essential qualities cultivated on the bodhisattva path, the other being wisdom. In the Mahayana tradition, compassion is not merely an emotional response but an active, sustained commitment to relieving the suffering of others, grounded in the realization that all beings are equal in their desire for happiness and freedom from pain. Compassion is the motivating force behind the generation of bodhicitta and the practice of the six perfections. It is considered the root of the entire Mahayana path, as it is the quality that inspires one to postpone one&amp;#039;s own liberation until all beings are freed. The Buddha&amp;#039;s own awakening was driven by great compassion for all suffering beings.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#39000;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#27704;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#21450;&#33510;&#22240;&#30340;&#30495;&#20999;&#30332;&#24515;&#65292;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23427;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#20013;&#20841;&#31278;&#26680;&#24515;&#20462;&#25345;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21478;&#19968;&#31278;&#28858;&#26234;&#24935;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20659;&#32113;&#20013;&#65292;&#22823;&#24754;&#19981;&#20677;&#26159;&#19968;&#31278;&#24773;&#24863;&#21453;&#25033;&#65292;&#32780;&#26159;&#22522;&#26044;&#20102;&#30693;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24179;&#31561;&#22320;&#24076;&#27714;&#23433;&#27138;&#12289;&#21421;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#32780;&#30332;&#36215;&#30340;&#31309;&#26997;&#32780;&#25345;&#32396;&#30340;&#21033;&#20182;&#25215;&#35582;&#12290;&#22823;&#24754;&#26159;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&#23427;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#25972;&#20491;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#20043;&#26681;&#26412;&#65292;&#22240;&#28858;&#27492;&#24754;&#24515;&#20196;&#33769;&#34217;&#39000;&#23559;&#33258;&#36523;&#35299;&#33067;&#32622;&#26044;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#24471;&#24230;&#20043;&#24460;&#12290;&#20315;&#38464;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#30001;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#21463;&#33510;&#30526;&#29983;&#30340;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#25152;&#39493;&#21205;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/compassion\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">compassion<\/span>, through continuous familiarization, they will develop the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> and determination to take on the responsibility of freeing <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. When practicing altruistic intention, practitioners must naturally and spontaneously generate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> and determination to free <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> from suffering and its causes. Even if it means enduring suffering in the hells for countless eons on behalf of mother-like <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, they should do so willingly and joyfully. Only then can they genuinely experience the realization of altruistic intention.<\/p><h3>Nine: Generating Bodhicitta<\/h3><p>After generating altruistic intention, practitioners further reflect that although they possess a strong aspiration to save <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, they currently lack even the ability to save themselves. Through this reflection, they realize that only by attaining <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi \/ Perfect Enlightenment \/ Complete Perfect Awakening \/ Unsurpassable Enlightened One&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#27491;&#36941;&#30693;\/&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3937;&#3908;&#3851;&#3921;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (yang-dak-p&eacute; chang-chub); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Wylie&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: yang dag pa&amp;#039;i byang chub; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;SamyakSambuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Samyaksambodhi, Perfect enlightenment, is one of Ten Titles of the Buddha. It refers to the highest, unsurpassed state of awakening attained by a buddha. The term literally means &amp;quot;correct, complete awakening,&amp;quot; indicating that this state is fully accurate and all-encompassing. It is the direct and perfect realization of the nature of all phenomena as empty of inherent existence, combined with the complete eradication of all defilements and the perfection of all excellent qualities. This awakening is distinguished from the partial realization of a hearer or solitary realizer, as it includes both the wisdom of emptiness and the great compassion that spontaneously works for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term is often expanded to &amp;quot;unsurpassed perfect enlightenment,&amp;quot; which emphasizes that there is no higher or more complete state of awakening beyond this.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#26159;&#20315;&#38464;&#21313;&#34399;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#25351;&#20315;&#38464;&#25152;&#35657;&#24471;&#30340;&#26368;&#31350;&#31455;&#12289;&#26368;&#22291;&#28415;&#20043;&#35258;&#24735;&#22659;&#30028;&#65292;&#21448;&#31281;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#31561;&#27491;&#35258;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#28858;&#19968;&#20999;&#35258;&#24735;&#20013;&#26368;&#28858;&#27491;&#30906;&#32780;&#21608;&#36941;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#27491;&#31561;&#12301;&#65307;&#20854;&#26368;&#28858;&#27530;&#21213;&#12289;&#28961;&#26377;&#26356;&#19978;&#32773;&#65292;&#25925;&#31281;&#12300;&#28961;&#19978;&#27491;&#35258;&#12301;&#12290;&#27492;&#22659;&#30028;&#21253;&#21547;&#23565;&#19968;&#20999;&#27861;&#28961;&#33258;&#24615;&#20043;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22291;&#28415;&#29694;&#35657;&#65292;&#24505;&#24213;&#26039;&#30433;&#19968;&#20999;&#29033;&#24817;&#38556;&#33287;&#25152;&#30693;&#38556;&#65292;&#20006;&#22291;&#28415;&#25104;&#23601;&#19968;&#20999;&#31119;&#24503;&#33287;&#26234;&#24935;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#27492;&#35258;&#24735;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#32882;&#32862;&#32227;&#35258;&#20043;&#20559;&#31354;&#35258;&#24735;&#65292;&#20035;&#21516;&#26178;&#20855;&#36275;&#24754;&#26234;&#38617;&#36939;&#20043;&#22291;&#28415;&#26524;&#20301;&#65292;&#25104;&#23601;&#24460;&#33021;&#20219;&#36939;&#28961;&#38291;&#22320;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/samyak-sambuddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">perfect enlightenment<\/span> as a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span> can they fully possess the ability to save all <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>.<\/p><p>Among the four <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Noble Being, Pagpa, Phagpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32854;&#32773;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24085;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3944;&#3953;&#3938;&#4017; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(arya)&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3936;&#3925;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(phak pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;#039;phags pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Arya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Arya, Pagpa, Phagpa, Noble Being, is a person who has achieved direct realization of the true nature of reality, the third (path of insight) of the five paths.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32854;&#32773;&#19968;&#20491;&#30452;&#35657;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#30340;&#20154;&#65292;&#20116;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#31532;&#19977;&#36947;&#65288;&#35211;&#36947;&#20301;&#65289;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/noble-being\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">noble being<\/span>s&mdash;<span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Hearer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24180;&#29305;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3913;&#3923;&#3851;&#3920;&#3964;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nyan to); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;nyan thos&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pali: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Savaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Shravaka, &amp;quot;Hearer&amp;quot;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; refers to a follower of the early Buddhist path who seeks personal liberation from cyclic existence by listening to the teachings of a Buddha and practicing accordingly. The term literally means &amp;quot;one who hears,&amp;quot; indicating that such practitioners receive the Dharma directly from a teacher and strive for the state of an arhat. The shravaka path is characterized by the cultivation of renunciation, ethical discipline, and insight into the nature of reality, with the primary motivation of ending one&amp;#039;s own suffering. In the Mahayana framework, this path is considered the lesser vehicle when compared to the bodhisattva path, as it focuses primarily on individual liberation rather than the liberation of all beings. Nevertheless, the shravaka teachings are respected as a genuine and valid path to liberation and form the foundation upon which the Mahayana path is built.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32882;&#32862;&#25351;&#32893;&#32862;&#20315;&#38464;&#32882;&#25945;&#32780;&#20381;&#20043;&#20462;&#34892;&#12289;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#20854;&#23383;&#32681;&#28858;&#12300;&#32893;&#32862;&#32773;&#12301;&#65292;&#34920;&#26126;&#27492;&#39006;&#34892;&#32773;&#32147;&#30001;&#30452;&#25509;&#24478;&#24107;&#38263;&#32893;&#21463;&#27491;&#27861;&#65292;&#31934;&#36914;&#20462;&#34892;&#20197;&#35657;&#24471;&#38463;&#32645;&#28450;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#30340;&#29305;&#33394;&#22312;&#26044;&#20462;&#32722;&#20986;&#38626;&#24515;&#12289;&#25345;&#23432;&#25106;&#24459;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#36890;&#36948;&#35576;&#27861;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#31354;&#24615;&#26234;&#24935;&#65292;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#21205;&#27231;&#28858;&#32066;&#32080;&#33258;&#36523;&#30340;&#29983;&#27515;&#27969;&#36681;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#20998;&#39006;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#22240;&#20197;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#28858;&#20027;&#35201;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#30456;&#36611;&#26044;&#20197;&#21033;&#20182;&#28858;&#26680;&#24515;&#30340;&#33769;&#34217;&#36947;&#65292;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#23567;&#20056;&#12290;&#28982;&#32780;&#65292;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#30340;&#25945;&#27861;&#20173;&#34987;&#23562;&#28858;&#30495;&#23526;&#19988;&#26377;&#25928;&#30340;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#36947;&#65292;&#21516;&#26178;&#20063;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#27861;&#24471;&#20197;&#24314;&#31435;&#30340;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/shravaka\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sravaka<\/span>s, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Solitary Realizer&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#32227;&#35258;, &#29544;&#35258;, &#36767;&#25903;&#20315; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#35731;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3908;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3939;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (rang gyal); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rang rgyal&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Pratyekabuddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Pratyekabuddhas, Solitary Realizer, studies and meditates on the teachings of the Buddha including the twelve links of interdependent origination and attains realization without relying on a teacher.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#36767;&#25903;&#20315;&#65292;&#32227;&#35258; &#30001;&#23487;&#19990;&#31119;&#24503;&#65292;&#20462;&#21313;&#20108;&#22240;&#32227;&#32780;&#24735;&#36947;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/solitary-realizer\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Pratyekabuddha<\/span>s, <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s, and <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>s&mdash;the former two seek only their own <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa, Enlightenment, Liberation, Tharpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;, &#35258;&#24735; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20182;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3938;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thar pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;thar pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moksa;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Moksha refers to the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, attained through the eradication of defilements and the cessation of suffering. It is the ultimate goal of the early Buddhist traditions and the non-Mahayana paths, where it is achieved by realizing the four noble truths and following the noble eightfold path. Moksha is characterized by the complete freedom from the causes of suffering, the cessation of karmic formation, and the attainment of nirvana. Unlike bodhi, which includes the active compassion and wisdom of a buddha, moksha is primarily defined by the absence of defilements and the personal freedom from cyclic existence. In the Mahayana framework, moksha is seen as a preliminary stage, while bodhi represents the fully perfected state of a buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35299;&#33067;&#25351;&#24478;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#29554;&#24471;&#31350;&#31455;&#33258;&#30001;&#20043;&#29376;&#24907;&#65292;&#36879;&#36942;&#26039;&#38500;&#29033;&#24817;&#33287;&#27490;&#24687;&#33510;&#22240;&#32780;&#35657;&#24471;&#12290;&#27492;&#28858;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#33287;&#38750;&#22823;&#20056;&#36947;&#30340;&#26368;&#32066;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#32147;&#30001;&#20102;&#30693;&#22235;&#32854;&#35558;&#33287;&#20462;&#25345;&#20843;&#27491;&#36947;&#32780;&#25104;&#23601;&#12290;&#35299;&#33067;&#20043;&#29305;&#24501;&#28858;&#23436;&#20840;&#33067;&#38626;&#33510;&#22240;&#12289;&#27490;&#24687;&#26989;&#21147;&#20043;&#36896;&#20316;&#65292;&#20006;&#35657;&#24471;&#28037;&#27075;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#33769;&#25552;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#20027;&#35201;&#20197;&#29033;&#24817;&#20043;&#29060;&#28357;&#33287;&#20491;&#20154;&#20986;&#38626;&#36650;&#36852;&#28858;&#23450;&#32681;&#65292;&#32780;&#38750;&#21253;&#21547;&#20315;&#38464;&#31309;&#26997;&#30340;&#24754;&#26234;&#21151;&#24503;&#12290;&#22312;&#22823;&#20056;&#26694;&#26550;&#20013;&#65292;&#35299;&#33067;&#34987;&#35222;&#28858;&#21069;&#34892;&#38542;&#27573;&#65292;&#32780;&#33769;&#25552;&#21063;&#20195;&#34920;&#20315;&#38464;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#31350;&#31455;&#26524;&#20301;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/moksa\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">liberation<\/span>, so their ability and merit in benefiting <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> are less than one-thousandth of those of a first-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Similarly, the ability and merit of a first-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span> are less than one-thousandth of those of a tenth-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Although tenth-stage <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s possess extremely superior abilities and merit, their capacity to benefit <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span> still falls short of a <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>&rsquo;s by one-thousandth.<\/p><p>Reflecting on this, practitioners generate the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> aspiration: &ldquo;For the benefit of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sentient Beings, Semchen;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;&#38291;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3909;&#3923;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(sem chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems can&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sattva;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sentient beings refer to all living creatures that possess consciousness and are subject to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. In Buddhist cosmology, this term encompasses beings in all six realms of existence, including gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. What distinguishes sentient beings from inanimate objects (plants, for example) is their capacity for perception, feeling, and karmic action. They are driven by ignorance, desire, and aversion, which perpetuate their wandering in cyclic existence. The awakening of sentient beings to their true nature is the central concern of the Buddhist path, and the aspiration to liberate them from suffering is the foundation of the bodhisattva ideal and the generation of bodhicitta.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26377;&#24773;&#27867;&#25351;&#19968;&#20999;&#20855;&#26377;&#24515;&#35672;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33021;&#21147;&#65292;&#20006;&#21463;&#29983;&#27515;&#36650;&#36852;&#25152;&#26463;&#32283;&#30340;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#23431;&#23449;&#35264;&#20013;&#65292;&#27492;&#35422;&#28085;&#33995;&#20845;&#36947;&#20013;&#30340;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#65292;&#21253;&#25324;&#22825;&#12289;&#38463;&#20462;&#32645;&#12289;&#20154;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#33287;&#22320;&#29508;&#30526;&#29983;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#33287;&#28961;&#24773;&#29289;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20855;&#26377;&#24863;&#30693;&#12289;&#24863;&#21463;&#33287;&#36896;&#26989;&#30340;&#33021;&#21147;&#12290;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#36010;&#24859;&#33287;&#30603;&#24680;&#25152;&#39493;&#20351;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#32780;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20013;&#27969;&#36681;&#19981;&#24687;&#12290;&#20196;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#30526;&#29983;&#35258;&#24735;&#20854;&#30495;&#23526;&#26412;&#24615;&#65292;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20462;&#34892;&#30340;&#26680;&#24515;&#38364;&#25079;&#65292;&#32780;&#30332;&#39000;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#33067;&#38626;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#21063;&#26159;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#33287;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#30340;&#26681;&#26412;&#22522;&#30990;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/semchen\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sentient beings<\/span>, I <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vow; &#35475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#30070;&#30342;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3928;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(damche); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dam bcas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%98%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>vow<\/span> to attain <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood.&rdquo;<\/p><h4>Practice and Results of Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>Only by generating the motivation to benefit others and aspiring to attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood can practitioners truly generate <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, entering the essence of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings. This enables them to enter the <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> path and become <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhisattva; &#33769;&#34217; (&#34083;&#31179; &#26862;&#35997;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3921;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (chang chub sempa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems dpa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: Bodhisattva \/ &#33769;&#34217; = &amp;quot;awakening being&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enlightenment hero&amp;quot; = &#35258;&#26377;&#24773; \/ &#33769;&#25552;&#21191;&#22763;:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;bodhi \/ &#33769;&#25552; = &amp;quot;awakening&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;enlightenment&amp;quot; = &#33769;&#25552; \/ &#35258;&#24735;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sattva \/ &#34217;&#22517; = &amp;quot;being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;living being&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;hero&amp;quot; = &#26377;&#24773; \/ &#21191;&#22763;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nA bodhisattva is a being who has generated bodhicitta, the aspiration to attain perfect enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Unlike a hearer or solitary realizer who seeks personal liberation, the bodhisattva commits to remaining in cyclic existence until all beings are freed from suffering. This compassionate vow is accompanied by the practice of the six perfections, the cultivation of skillful means, and the direct realization of emptiness. The bodhisattva progresses through ten grounds of realization, gradually perfecting wisdom and compassion, culminating in the attainment of buddhahood. The ideal of the bodhisattva is the defining characteristic of the Mahayana tradition and serves as the model for all practitioners on the great vehicle path.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#34217;&#26159;&#25351;&#24050;&#29983;&#36215;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#65292;&#28858;&#21033;&#30410;&#19968;&#20999;&#26377;&#24773;&#32780;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#12290;&#19981;&#21516;&#26044;&#36861;&#27714;&#20491;&#20154;&#35299;&#33067;&#30340;&#32882;&#32862;&#25110;&#32227;&#35258;&#65292;&#33769;&#34217;&#30332;&#39000;&#23433;&#20303;&#26044;&#36650;&#36852;&#20043;&#20013;&#65292;&#30452;&#33267;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#30342;&#24471;&#35299;&#33067;&#12290;&#27492;&#24904;&#24754;&#22823;&#39000;&#20276;&#38568;&#33879;&#20845;&#24230;&#30340;&#20462;&#25345;&#12289;&#21892;&#24039;&#26041;&#20415;&#30340;&#22521;&#39178;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#23565;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#30452;&#25509;&#29694;&#35657;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#20381;&#27425;&#32147;&#27511;&#21313;&#22320;&#65292;&#28472;&#27425;&#22291;&#28415;&#26234;&#24935;&#33287;&#24754;&#24515;&#65292;&#26368;&#32066;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#12290;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#26159;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;&#30340;&#29305;&#24501;&#65292;&#20134;&#26159;&#25152;&#26377;&#22823;&#20056;&#34892;&#32773;&#25152;&#36981;&#24490;&#30340;&#20462;&#34892;&#20856;&#31684;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhisattva\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhisattva<\/span>s worthy of reverence by gods and humans.<\/p><p>Since practitioners have already generated <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>, they can swiftly attain perfect <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Enlightened, Sangye; &#20315;&#38464;, &#27491;&#35258; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26705;&#30342;\/&#26705;&#20625;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3908;&#3942;&#3851;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (sangye); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sangs rgyas&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Buddha, Buddho &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24067;&#36948;);&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The Buddha usually refers to Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;In general, a Buddha is someone who has awakened and enlightened from ignorance, eliminated from his\/her mind stream all emotional and cognitive obscurations, stopped all sufferings and cycles of life and death, gained everlasting happiness and peace, through merits and wisdom.\nGosok explains the meaning of Tibetan word Sangey:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Sang&amp;quot; means awakening from the sleep of ignorance.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Gye&amp;quot; refers to possessing all-encompassing wisdom and perfect virtues.&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Thus, &amp;quot;Sangye&amp;quot; signifies the Buddha&rsquo;s fulfillment of both abandonment (of afflictions) and realization (of wisdom).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nSangye, Sanggye is a common Tibetan name.\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26524;&#30889;&#20161;&#27874;&#20999;&#35299;&#37323;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#30340;&#24847;&#32681;:&nbsp;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#30561;&#30496;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#26159;&#25351;&#22914;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#12289;&#30433;&#25152;&#26377;&#26234;&#65292;&#19968;&#20999;&#21151;&#24503;&#25903;&#20998;&#22291;&#28415;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#26705;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#25110;&#32773;&#35498;&#65292;&#12300;&#26705;&#12301;&#26159;&#24478;&#28961;&#26126;&#12289;&#20108;&#38556;&#32722;&#27683;&#30340;&#36855;&#38695;&#20013;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#24050;&#35657;&#29694;&#35657;&#31354;&#24615;&#30340;&#22937;&#26234;&#65292;&#22914;&#29694;&#26085;&#20809;&#65292;&#25152;&#20197;&#21483;&#12300;&#20625;&#12301;&#12290;&#20063;&#23601;&#26159;&#20315;&#30340;&#26039;&#12289;&#35657;&#20108;&#31278;&#21151;&#24503;&#22291;&#28415;&#30340;&#24847;&#24605;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#26705;&#20625; \/ &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26705;&#30342;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/buddha\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Buddha<\/span>hood through the practice of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23494;&#32396;, &#24603;&#29305;&#32645;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3986;&#4017;&#3956;&#3921;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (gyue);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rgyud&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tantra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Tantra means thread or continuity. Tantra refers to a text of vajrayana tradition, secret teachings of the Buddha.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;&#24603;&#29305;&#32645;&#30340;&#21407;&#24847;&#26159;&#32218;&#12289;&#32232;&#32340;&#12290;&#23494;&#32396;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#30340;&#20856;&#31821;&#65292;&#20315;&#20311;&#30340;&#23494;&#20056;&#25945;&#27861;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tantra-2\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>tantra<\/span>. The arising of <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span> is the key determinant of whether <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> practitioners can achieve accomplishment through tantric practices. Therefore, practitioners must earnestly cultivate it.<\/p><h4>Cherishing the Precious Human Life and Cultivating Bodhicitta<\/h4><p>Although practitioners live in the degenerate age, filled with various forms of suffering, they should deeply <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rejoice&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#38568;&#21916; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#30342;&#34311; &#20234;&#35731;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#3956;&#3851;&#3937;&#3954;&#3851;&#3938;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(jesu yi rang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rjes su yi rang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/rejoice\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>rejoice<\/span> in their good fortune to have attained this <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Precious Human Birth \/ Leisure and Endowments \/ Favorable Conditions for Practice; &#20154;&#29983;&#38627;&#24471;\/ &#26247;&#28415; \/ &#23542;&#36020;&#20154;&#36523;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (dal-jor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;K&#7779;a&#7751;asampad \/ Ksanasampad &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\/ &#20062;&#21449;&#25295;&#19977;&#32573;&#22810; = &amp;quot;moment endowed with opportunity&amp;quot; = &#26247;&#28415; \/ &#20855;&#36275;&#27231;&#32227;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;k&#7779;a&#7751;a \/ &#20062;&#21449;&#25295; = &amp;quot;moment&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;opportune time&amp;quot; = &#26178;&#27231; \/ &#21049;&#37027;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;sampad \/ &#19977;&#32573;&#22810; = &amp;quot;endowment&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;possession&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;perfection&amp;quot; = &#22291;&#28415; \/ &#20855;&#36275;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\nPrecious human birth refers to the rare and valuable set of conditions that constitute a fully qualified human life for Dharma practice. It is traditionally divided into eight freedoms from unfavorable rebirth states and ten endowments that provide the complete circumstances for spiritual development. The eight freedoms are freedom from birth as a hell being, hungry ghost, animal, barbarian, long-life god, and freedom from holding wrong views, being born in an age without a Buddha, or being mentally incapacitated. The ten endowments consist of five personal endowments, including having a human body, being born in a central land, possessing intact senses, and having faith in the teachings, along with five circumstantial endowments, such as the presence of a Buddha, the teaching of the Dharma, and the support of spiritual companions. Recognizing the rarity and value of this opportunity serves as a primary motivation for engaging wholeheartedly in spiritual practice.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23542;&#36020;&#20154;&#36523;&#25351;&#20855;&#36275;&#20462;&#25345;&#20315;&#27861;&#20043;&#23436;&#25972;&#26781;&#20214;&#30340;&#29645;&#36020;&#20154;&#36523;&#65292;&#20659;&#32113;&#19978;&#20998;&#28858;&#36960;&#38626;&#20843;&#31278;&#28961;&#26247;&#33287;&#20855;&#36275;&#21313;&#31278;&#22291;&#28415;&#12290;&#20843;&#28961;&#26247;&#21253;&#25324;&#26410;&#29983;&#26044;&#22320;&#29508;&#12289;&#39187;&#39740;&#12289;&#30044;&#29983;&#12289;&#38263;&#22781;&#22825;&#12289;&#37002;&#22320;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#26410;&#20855;&#37034;&#35211;&#12289;&#26410;&#29983;&#26044;&#28961;&#20315;&#20986;&#19990;&#20043;&#26263;&#21163;&#12289;&#36523;&#24515;&#20581;&#20840;&#38750;&#24858;&#30305;&#12290;&#21313;&#22291;&#28415;&#21063;&#21253;&#21547;&#20116;&#31278;&#33258;&#22291;&#28415;&#65306;&#24471;&#20154;&#36523;&#12289;&#29983;&#20013;&#22283;&#12289;&#35576;&#26681;&#20855;&#36275;&#12289;&#28961;&#23487;&#26989;&#39003;&#20498;&#12289;&#23565;&#27861;&#29983;&#20449;&#65307;&#20197;&#21450;&#20116;&#31278;&#20182;&#22291;&#28415;&#65306;&#20315;&#20986;&#19990;&#12289;&#35498;&#27491;&#27861;&#12289;&#25945;&#27861;&#20303;&#19990;&#12289;&#38568;&#27861;&#34892;&#32773;&#12289;&#26377;&#24107;&#38263;&#24904;&#24754;&#25885;&#21463;&#12290;&#20102;&#30693;&#27492;&#26247;&#28415;&#20154;&#36523;&#20043;&#31232;&#26377;&#21487;&#36020;&#65292;&#26159;&#28608;&#30332;&#20462;&#34892;&#32773;&#31934;&#36914;&#20462;&#25345;&#30340;&#37325;&#35201;&#21205;&#21147;&#12290;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_meaning_label&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;Leisure and Fortune; &#26247;&#28415; (&#36845;&#20037;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3939;&#3851;&#3936;&#3926;&#4017;&#3964;&#3938;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(del jor); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dal &amp;#039;byor&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Leisure and Fortune human life. &#26247;&#28415;&#20154;&#29983;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/precious-human-birth\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">precious human life<\/span> and encountered <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Mahayana, Great vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#20315;&#25945;, &#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#24503;&#24052;&#21315;&#27874;, &#24503;&#21315;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;&#3964;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tekpa chenpo), &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3910;&#3962;&#3923; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(tek chen); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa chen po,&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg chen&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mah&#257;y&#257;na \/ &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Mahayana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;= &amp;quot;great vehicle&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;great conveyance&amp;quot; = &#22823;&#20056; \/ &#22823;&#36554;&#20056;\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;mah&#257;&nbsp;\/ &#22823; = &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; = &#22823;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;y&#257;na&nbsp;\/ &#20056; = &amp;quot;vehicle&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;conveyance&amp;quot; \/ &amp;quot;mode of travel&amp;quot; = &#20056; \/ &#36554;&#20056;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Great Vehicle is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, distinguished by its universal aspiration to attain full awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings. It emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal, compassion, and the realization of emptiness as the path to buddhahood. This tradition emerged in India around the first century CE and later spread to East Asia and Tibet, giving rise to schools such as Zen, Pure Land, and the Tibetan traditions. Its teachings include the six perfections, the ten grounds, and the doctrine of buddha-nature. The Great Vehicle is distinguished from the earlier tradition by its emphasis on the liberation of all beings and its expansive vision of the path. &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two main branches within Mahayana are Madhyamaka and Chittamatra.&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;Classical texts for Mahayana include Avatamsaka Sutra, Prajnaparamita Sutra and treatises by Nagarjuna and Asanga.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#22823;&#20056;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#25903;&#27966;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20197;&#26222;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#12289;&#24535;&#27714;&#28961;&#19978;&#33769;&#25552;&#28858;&#20854;&#26680;&#24515;&#31934;&#31070;&#12290;&#27492;&#20056;&#24375;&#35519;&#33769;&#34217;&#29702;&#24819;&#12289;&#22823;&#24754;&#24515;&#33287;&#31354;&#24615;&#27491;&#35211;&#65292;&#20197;&#25104;&#23601;&#20315;&#26524;&#28858;&#31350;&#31455;&#30446;&#27161;&#12290;&#27492;&#20659;&#32113;&#26044;&#35199;&#20803;&#19968;&#19990;&#32000;&#21069;&#24460;&#33288;&#36215;&#26044;&#21360;&#24230;&#65292;&#20854;&#24460;&#20659;&#25773;&#33267;&#26481;&#20126;&#33287;&#35199;&#34255;&#65292;&#34893;&#29983;&#20986;&#31146;&#23447;&#12289;&#28136;&#22303;&#23447;&#21450;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#27966;&#12290;&#20854;&#25945;&#27861;&#21253;&#21547;&#20845;&#24230;&#12289;&#21313;&#22320;&#21450;&#22914;&#20358;&#34255;&#23416;&#35498;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#33287;&#19978;&#24231;&#37096;&#31561;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#20659;&#32113;&#30340;&#21312;&#21029;&#65292;&#22312;&#26044;&#20854;&#20197;&#25937;&#24230;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#28858;&#30446;&#27161;&#65292;&#20006;&#23565;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#36947;&#25265;&#25345;&#26356;&#28858;&#24291;&#38346;&#30340;&#35222;&#37326;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&#22823;&#20056;&#20839;&#37096;&#26377;&#20841;&#22823;&#20027;&#35201;&#23416;&#27966;&#65306;&#20013;&#35264;&#23447;&#33287;&#21807;&#35672;&#23447;&#12290;&#22823;&#20056;&#32147;&#20856;&#21253;&#25324;&#12298;&#33775;&#22196;&#32147;&#12299;&#12289;&#12298;&#33324;&#33509;&#32147;&#12299;&#20197;&#21450;&#40845;&#27193;&#33287;&#28961;&#33879;&#31561;&#35542;&#24107;&#25152;&#36896;&#20043;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/mahayana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mahayana<\/span> teachings, especially the profound and unified <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Diamond, Thunderbolt, Vajra, Dorje&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;, &#38013;&#30707;. &#38713;&#38722;, &#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#22810;&#20625;\/&#22810;&#21513;\/&#22810;&#30342;\/&#29677;&#26413;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4001;&#3964;&#3851;&#3938;&#3991;&#3962;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(Dorje)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3931;&#4018;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(Benza); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rdo rje, badz+ra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Vajra&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje (Sanskrit: Vajra) means indestructible like diamond. It is one of the most important hand implement in Vajrayana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Dorje is also a common Tibetan name. Alternate spelling \/ Variations: Dorj&eacute;, Dorjee, Dorji, Dordje, Dordsche.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#37329;&#21083;&#22914;&#38013;&#30707;&#22533;&#19981;&#21487;&#25703;&#12290;&#37329;&#21083;&#26485;&#26159;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#20027;&#35201;&#30340;&#25163;&#25345;&#27861;&#22120;&#12290;&#22810;&#20625;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/vajra\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Vajra<\/span><span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Yana, Vehicle&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20056; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#24086;&#24052;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3920;&#3962;&#3906;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (thekpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;theg pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;yana&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Yana, vehicle, path, refers to different types and levels of Buddhist teaching including Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana etc.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20056;&#26159;&#25351;&#19981;&#21516;&#30340;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#23566;: &#23567;&#20056;&#12289;&#22823;&#20056;&#12289;&#37329;&#21083;&#20056;&#12289;&#32882;&#32862;&#20056;&#12289;&#32227;&#35258;&#20056;&#12289;&#33769;&#34217;&#20056;&#31561;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/yana\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>yana<\/span> teachings. They must cherish this rare opportunity and continuously accumulate the causes and conditions for generating genuine <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#27743;&#31179;&#26862;) ; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3910;&#3956;&#3926;&#3851;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (jang chup sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byang chub sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Bodhicitta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Bodhicitta is the mind for enlightenment. Absolute bodhicitta is the completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena. Relative bodhicitta is the aspiration to practice buddha dharma to free all beings from the suffering of samsara.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#35258;&#24735;&#30340;&#24515;&#12290;&#21213;&#32681;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#24735;&#21040;&#31354;&#24615;&#23526;&#30456;&#30340;&#23436;&#20840;&#35258;&#37266;&#65307;&#19990;&#20439;&#33769;&#25552;&#24515;&#26159;&#39000;&#20462;&#20315;&#27861;&#28858;&#35299;&#33067;&#19968;&#20999;&#30526;&#29983;&#20986;&#36650;&#36852;&#33510;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/bodhicitta\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bodhicitta<\/span>. They should not waste time or create <span class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;)\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Negative Karma; &#32618;&#38556;, &#26989;&#38556;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The sufferings we experience in this life are all the result of negative karma accumulated in past lives. Negative karma can also obstruct practitioners from attaining realizations at various stages of the path. Therefore, the primary task in spiritual practice is to purify negative karma.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To purify negative karma through practice, a practitioner must fully cultivate the &amp;quot;four powers&rdquo; (reliance power, antidote power, removal power, and protective power) to achieve success.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#21566;&#20154;&#27492;&#29983;&#25152;&#25215;&#21463;&#30340;&#31278;&#31278;&#30171;&#33510;&#65292;&#30342;&#30001;&#26044;&#36942;&#21435;&#19990;&#25152;&#36896;&#20316;&#30340;&#24801;&#26989;&#25152;&#24863;&#21484;&#65307;&#24801;&#26989;&#20134;&#33021;&#38556;&#31001;&#34892;&#32773;&#28961;&#27861;&#35657;&#24471;&#21508;&#31278;&#36947;&#27425;&#31532;&#20043;&#35657;&#37327;&#65292;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20462;&#34892;&#20043;&#39318;&#35201;&#35506;&#38988;&#65292;&#21363;&#28858;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#34892;&#32773;&#27442;&#34249;&#30001;&#20462;&#25345;&#32780;&#28136;&#38500;&#32618;&#38556;&#65292;&#38920;&#20855;&#36275;&#22235;&#21147;&#65288;&#20381;&#27490;&#21147;&#12289;&#23565;&#27835;&#21147;&#12289;&#25300;&#38500;&#21147;&#12289;&#38450;&#35703;&#21147;&#65289;&#26041;&#33021;&#25104;&#36774;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/negative-karma\/  target=_blank&gt;&#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856; Open Glossary Page&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">negative karma<\/span>, so as to make the most of this life.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">The above is a translation from our Chinese webpage, based on original Tibetan teachings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"position: relative;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a05e56 elementor-cta--layout-image-right elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-96595 elementor-widget-call-to-action bdt-element-link\" data-id=\"4a05e56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"ep_notation_list\":[{\"_id\":\"990269f\",\"ep_notation_bracket_on\":null,\"ep_notation_select_type\":\"widget\",\"ep_notation_custom_selector\":null,\"ep_notation_type\":\"underline\",\"ep_notation_color\":\"\",\"ep_notation_stroke_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1,\"sizes\":[]},\"ep_notation_infinity_loop\":\"\",\"ep_notation_anim_duration\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"ep_notation_loop_delay\":null,\"ep_notation_waypoint_offset\":\"\"}],\"ep_notation_active\":\"yes\"}' data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\"><a href=\"\/initation\/\" class=\"bdt-element-link-anchor bdt-position-cover\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;\" aria-label=\"Visit link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"\/Basicbuddhism\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Gosok-D8A9044p-s-150x150.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Gosok D8A9044p s\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBasic Tibetan Buddhism Teachings Pages <br> &#22522;&#30990;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#38283;&#31034;&#38913;&#38754;\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gosok Rinpoche Teaching<br \/>\n\u81f3\u5c0a\u679c\u78a9\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u958b\u793a<br \/>\nTeaching on Bodhicitta Practice<br \/>\n\u89c0\u4fee\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":22669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[920,919,561,1009],"class_list":["post-4777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching","tag-chinese","tag-english","tag-561","tag-basics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - 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