{"id":85070,"date":"2024-08-26T20:44:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T00:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/glossary\/%e0%bd%91%e0%bd%82%e0%bd%ba%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%b2%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a6%e0%bd%ba%e0%bd%98%e0%bd%a6%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%be%b1%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%84%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%85%e0%bd%b4%e0%bc%8b\/"},"modified":"2025-02-02T19:37:54","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T00:37:54","slug":"eleven-virtuous-states","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Eleven Virtuous States<\/strong>; <strong>&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;; <\/strong>Tibetan: <strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Virtue&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24503;, &#21892;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#32102;&#29926;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&nbsp;(ge wa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dge ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/virtue\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/virtue\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3921;&#3906;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;<\/a>&#3936;&#3954;&#3851;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Citta, Mind, Consciousness&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#24515;, &#24847;&#35672; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#26862;, &#21513;&#30070;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (sem); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Citta&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Citta is one of three overlapping Sanskrit terms that refers to the mind. The others are manas and vijnana.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#24515;&#33287;&#35672; (manas) &#21644;&#24847; (vijnana) &#22312;&#20315;&#25945;&#20013;&#24847;&#32681;&#30456;&#36817;&#21448;&#26377;&#19968;&#20123;&#21312;&#21029;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/citta\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/citta\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;<\/a><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Arise&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20986;&#29694;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#28847;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (jung);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;byung&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/arise\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/arise\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;<\/a><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;header&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;11 The number Eleven&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#19968;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3873;&#3873;, &#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&#3851;&#3906;&#3909;&#3954;&#3906;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (chugchig); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bcu gcig&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ekaadasha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/header&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/11\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/11\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&#3851;&#3906;&#3909;&#3954;&#3906;<\/a> <\/span><\/strong>(gewe semjung chuchik); <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Wylie transliteration, designed by American Turrell V. Wylie in 1959, is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. It precisely transcribes Tibetan script as written but does not represent the modern pronunciation of Tibetan words.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23041;&#21033;&#36681;&#23531;&#26159;&#30001;&#29305;&#29790;&#29246;&middot;&#23041;&#21033;&#26044;1959&#24180;&#35373;&#35336;&#30340;&#19968;&#31278;&#34255;&#25991;&#36681;&#23531;&#31995;&#32113;, &#21482;&#29992;26&#20491;&#25289;&#19969;&#23383;&#27597;, &#20294;&#20006;&#19981;&#34920;&#29694;&#20195;&#34255;&#35486;&#30332;&#38899;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/wylie\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/wylie\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Wylie<\/a>: <strong>dge ba&rsquo;i sems byung bcu gcig<\/strong>; <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sanskrit; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#26805;&#25991;;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sanskrit means &lsquo;polished&rsquo;. It is a language of ancient India, the primary language of Hindu and Mahayana Buddhism texts. It is more complex with larger vocabulary than Pali. It was spoken only in royal court by priests and intellectuals.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#26805;&#35486;&#21360;&#27472;&#35486;&#31995;&#26368;&#21476;&#32769;&#30340;&#35486;&#35328;&#20043;&#19968;, &#28858;&#19968;&#31278;&#23416;&#34899;&#21644;&#23447;&#25945;&#30340;&#23560;&#38272;&#29992;&#35486;.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sanskrit\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/sanskrit\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Sanskrit<\/a>: <strong>Ekadasa kusala<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<p>The Eleven Virtuous States (ekadasa kusala) are the mental state of minds that can act as antidotes again destructive emotions. They are part of <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Fifty-one mental states&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20116;&#21313;&#19968;&#24515;&#25152;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#4009;&#3851;&#3906;&#3909;&#3954;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(semjung ngabchu tsachik); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems byung lnga bcu rtsa gcig&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ekapancasaccaitasika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Fifty-one mental states (ekapancasaccaitasika)&nbsp; are the particularly important mental states listed in Abhidharma:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Five ever-present mental states (sarvatraga) &#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Five object-determining mental states (visayaniyata) &#20116;&#21029;&#22659;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Eleven virtuous states (ekadasa kusala) &#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Six root destructive emotions (mulaklesa) &#20845;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Twenty subsidiary destructive emotions (upaklesa) &#20108;&#21313;&#38568;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Four variable mental states (aniyata) &#22235;&#19981;&#23450;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/fifty-one-mental-states\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/fifty-one-mental-states\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Fifty-one Mental States<\/a> as listed in <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=&#039;cmtt-audio-player &#039;&gt;&lt;a class=&#039;wp-embedded-audio&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/en&#039;&gt;en&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;clear&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abhidharma \/ Higher Knowledge \/ Phenomenology; &#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;, &#35542;&#34255;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3910;&#3964;&#3942;&#3851;&#3928;&#3908;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924;, &#3928;&#3908;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(cho ngon pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;chos mngon pa, mngon pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abhidharma&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Abhidharma means meta teaching or transcending principles.&nbsp; It is the third of the Three Pitakas (Sutra, Vinaya and Adhidharma).&nbsp; It is a collection of ancient Buddhist texts that are summaries, abstracts, systematic classification and lists of material that appear in Sutras.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;It presents a comprehensive and technical classification of all phenomena, breaking down experience into its fundamental constituents such as the five aggregates, twelve sense bases, and eighteen elements. The Abhidharma literature provides a detailed map of the mind, its mental factors, and the laws of causality governing mental and physical processes. Its study is essential for understanding the nature of existence, the stages of the path, and the precise workings of karma. While initially developed within early Buddhist traditions, the Abhidharma framework was further refined in Mahayana schools, with Vasubandhu&amp;#039;s Treasury of Abhidharma becoming the definitive reference text studied in Tibetan monastic universities.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#35542;&#34255;&#26159;&#20315;&#25945;&#19977;&#34255;(&#32147;&#34255;&#12289;&#24459;&#34255;&#12289;&#35542;&#34255;)&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#20027;&#35201;&#20316;&#28858;&#20315;&#25945;&#25945;&#32681;&#30340;&#27880;&#35299;&#12289;&#35299;&#37323;&#12289;&#20998;&#21029;&#32147;&#34255;&#30340;&#20998;&#26512;&#26041;&#27861;&#12290;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#23427;&#20197;&#35443;&#32048;&#19988;&#20855;&#39640;&#24230;&#25216;&#34899;&#24615;&#30340;&#20998;&#39006;&#26041;&#24335;&#35299;&#26512;&#19968;&#20999;&#29694;&#35937;&#65292;&#23559;&#32147;&#39511;&#19990;&#30028;&#25286;&#35299;&#28858;&#20116;&#34314;&#12289;&#21313;&#20108;&#34389;&#12289;&#21313;&#20843;&#30028;&#31561;&#22522;&#26412;&#27083;&#25104;&#35201;&#32032;&#12290;&#38463;&#27608;&#36948;&#30952;&#25991;&#29563;&#25552;&#20379;&#20102;&#35443;&#30433;&#30340;&#24515;&#35672;&#22320;&#22294;&#65292;&#28085;&#33995;&#24515;&#29579;&#12289;&#24515;&#25152;&#27861;&#20197;&#21450;&#36523;&#24515;&#36939;&#20316;&#30340;&#22240;&#26524;&#27861;&#21063;&#12290;&#30740;&#32722;&#27492;&#23416;&#26377;&#21161;&#26044;&#29702;&#35299;&#23384;&#22312;&#30340;&#26412;&#36074;&#12289;&#20462;&#36947;&#30340;&#27425;&#31532;&#65292;&#20197;&#21450;&#26989;&#21147;&#36939;&#20316;&#30340;&#31934;&#30906;&#27231;&#21046;&#12290;&#27492;&#23416;&#38272;&#26368;&#21021;&#30332;&#23637;&#26044;&#26089;&#26399;&#20315;&#25945;&#21508;&#37096;&#27966;&#65292;&#24460;&#32147;&#22823;&#20056;&#23416;&#27966;&#36914;&#19968;&#27493;&#28145;&#21270;&#65292;&#20854;&#20013;&#19990;&#35242;&#25152;&#36896;&#12298;&#20465;&#33293;&#35542;&#12299;&#34987;&#34255;&#20659;&#20315;&#25945;&#23546;&#38498;&#22823;&#23416;&#21015;&#28858;&#26681;&#26412;&#35542;&#20856;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/abhidharma\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/abhidharma\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Abhidharma<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Faith (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Faith; &#20449;&#24515;, &#20449;&#20208; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#36845;&#35997;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3921;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(depa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;dad pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sraddha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Sraddha\/Sraddhya means faith or confidence, one of Eleven virtuous states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#20449;&#24515;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/faith\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/faith\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>sraddha<\/a>) &#20449;<\/li>\n<li>Dignity (hri) &#24922;<\/li>\n<li>Propriety (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Moral shame \/ Conscientiousness; &#24871;&#24515;, &#32670;&#24677; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(&#20999;&#20778;&#24052;)&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3905;&#4018;&#3962;&#3939;&#3851;&#3937;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;(khrel yo pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;khrel yod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Apatrapya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Apatrapya means moral shame or conscientiousness that prevents one from engaging in unwholesome actions. It is one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#32670;&#24677;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apatrapya\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apatrapya\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>apatrapya<\/a>) &#24871;<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nonattachment, Alobha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(machakpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma chags pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Alobha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Alobha means nonattachment, one of Eleven virtuous states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#36010;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/alobha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/alobha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Nonattachment<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nonattachment, Alobha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(machakpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma chags pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Alobha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Alobha means nonattachment, one of Eleven virtuous states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#36010;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/alobha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/alobha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>alobha<\/a>) <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nonattachment, Alobha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#36010;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3928;&#3851;&#3910;&#3906;&#3942;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(machakpa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;ma chags pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Alobha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Alobha means nonattachment, one of Eleven virtuous states.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#36010;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/alobha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/alobha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28961;&#36010;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Advesha, Nonaggression; &#28961;&#30603;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shye dang mepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhes sdang med pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Advesha;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Advesha means Nonaggression, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#30603;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/advesha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/advesha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Nonaggression<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Advesha, Nonaggression; &#28961;&#30603;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shye dang mepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhes sdang med pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Advesha;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Advesha means Nonaggression, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#30603;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/advesha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/advesha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>advesha<\/a>) <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Advesha, Nonaggression; &#28961;&#30603;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3934;&#3962;&#3942;&#3851;&#3942;&#4001;&#3908;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shye dang mepa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;zhes sdang med pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: Advesha;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Advesha means Nonaggression, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#28961;&#30603;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/advesha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/advesha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#28961;&#30603;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nondelusion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#30305;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(gti mug med pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug med pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amoha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Amoha means nondelusion, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#30196;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/amoha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/amoha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Nondelusion<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nondelusion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#30305;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &#3906;&#3919;&#3954;&#3851;&#3928;&#3956;&#3906;&#3851;&#3928;&#3962;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(gti mug med pa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;gti mug med pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Amoha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Amoha means nondelusion, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#28961;&#30196;&#26159;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/amoha\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/amoha\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>amoha<\/a>) &#28961;&#30305;<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tsondru, Diligence, Perseverance; &#31934;&#36914;, &#21220;&#21193;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23562;&#29664;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tsondru); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtson &amp;#039;grus&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Virya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Perseverance (Virya paramita), diligence, is one of the Six Perfections and one of Eleven Virtuous States. Tsondru \/ Ts&ouml;ndr&uuml; \/ Tzondru is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23562;&#29664; \/ &#23562;&#20027;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Diligence<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tsondru, Diligence, Perseverance; &#31934;&#36914;, &#21220;&#21193;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23562;&#29664;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tsondru); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtson &amp;#039;grus&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Virya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Perseverance (Virya paramita), diligence, is one of the Six Perfections and one of Eleven Virtuous States. Tsondru \/ Ts&ouml;ndr&uuml; \/ Tzondru is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23562;&#29664; \/ &#23562;&#20027;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>virya<\/a>) <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tsondru, Diligence, Perseverance; &#31934;&#36914;, &#21220;&#21193;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (&#23562;&#29664;); Tibetan: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3938;&#4009;&#3964;&#3923;&#3851;&#3936;&#3906;&#4018;&#3956;&#3942;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (tsondru); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;brtson &amp;#039;grus&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Virya&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Perseverance (Virya paramita), diligence, is one of the Six Perfections and one of Eleven Virtuous States. Tsondru \/ Ts&ouml;ndr&uuml; \/ Tzondru is a common Tibetan name.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#31934;&#36914;&#26159;&#20845;&#27874;&#32645;&#23494;&#20043;&#19968;&#65292;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&#23562;&#29664; \/ &#23562;&#20027;&#26159;&#24120;&#35211;&#34255;&#21517;&#12290;&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/%e0%bd%96%e0%bd%a2%e0%be%a9%e0%bd%bc%e0%bd%93%e0%bc%8b%e0%bd%a0%e0%bd%82%e0%be%b2%e0%bd%b4%e0%bd%a6\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#31934;&#36914;<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Flexibility (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tranquility&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36629;&#23433;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(shintu jangwa), &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3908; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shin jang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shin tu sbyang ba, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shin sbyang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prasrabdhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Prasrabdhi means flexibility or tranquility, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36629;&#23433;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tranquility\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tranquility\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>prasrabdhi<\/a>) <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Tranquility&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#36629;&#23433;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3919;&#3956;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3908;&#3851;&#3926; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 16px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(shintu jangwa), &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3940;&#3954;&#3923;&#3851;&#3942;&#4006;&#4017;&#3908; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(shin jang); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shin tu sbyang ba, &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;shin sbyang&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Prasrabdhi&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Prasrabdhi means flexibility or tranquility, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#36629;&#23433;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tranquility\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/tranquility\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#36629;&#23433;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conscientiousness&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981;&#25918;&#36920;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3906;&#3851;&#3937;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bak yopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bag yod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Apramada&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Apramada means conscientiousness, vigilance, or carefulness, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19981;&#25918;&#36920;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apramada\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apramada\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Conscientiousness<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conscientiousness&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981;&#25918;&#36920;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3906;&#3851;&#3937;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bak yopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bag yod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Apramada&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Apramada means conscientiousness, vigilance, or carefulness, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19981;&#25918;&#36920;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apramada\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apramada\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>apramada<\/a>) <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conscientiousness&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981;&#25918;&#36920;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3926;&#3906;&#3851;&#3937;&#3964;&#3921;&#3851;&#3924; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(bak yopa); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;bag yod pa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Apramada&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Apramada means conscientiousness, vigilance, or carefulness, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19981;&#25918;&#36920;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apramada\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/apramada\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19981;&#25918;&#36920;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Equanimity; &#31561;&#25448; (&#30070;&#32016;); &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan:&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &#3926;&#3919;&#3908;&#3851;&#3942;&#3993;&#3964;&#3928;&#3942; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(tang nyom); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;btang snyoms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Upekkha, Upeksa, Upeksha&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Equanimity is one of Eleven Virtuous States, Four Immeasurables and Eight Antidotes.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#31561;&#25448;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;, &#22235;&#28961;&#37327;&#24515;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/equanimity\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Equanimity<\/a> (upeksa) &#34892;&#25448;<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ahimsa, Nonviolence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981;&#23475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3930;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nampar mitsewa);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par mi &amp;#039;tshe ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ahimsa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ahimsa means nonviolence, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19981;&#23475;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/ahimsa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/ahimsa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Nonviolence<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ahimsa, Nonviolence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981;&#23475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3930;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nampar mitsewa);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par mi &amp;#039;tshe ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ahimsa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ahimsa means nonviolence, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19981;&#23475;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/ahimsa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/ahimsa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>ahimsa<\/a>) <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ahimsa, Nonviolence&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#19981;&#23475;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Tibetan: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#3938;&#4003;&#3928;&#3851;&#3924;&#3938;&#3851;&#3928;&#3954;&#3851;&#3936;&#3930;&#3962;&#3851;&#3926;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt; (nampar mitsewa);&nbsp; Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;rnam par mi &amp;#039;tshe ba&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ahimsa&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Ahimsa means nonviolence, one of Eleven Virtuous States.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&#19981;&#23475;&#26159;&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#20043;&#19968;&#12290;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/ahimsa\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/ahimsa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#19981;&#23475;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&#26159;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_(Buddhism &#20315;&#25945;) cmtt_(Tibetan &#34255;&#25991;) cmtt_(Sanskrit &#26805;&#25991;)\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Fifty-one mental states&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&#20116;&#21313;&#19968;&#24515;&#25152;; &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Tibetan&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 20px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#3942;&#3962;&#3928;&#3942;&#3851;&#3926;&#4017;&#3956;&#3908;&#3851;&#3939;&#3988;&#3851;&#3926;&#3909;&#3956;&#3851;&#3938;&#4009;&#3851;&#3906;&#3909;&#3954;&#3906; &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(semjung ngabchu tsachik); Wylie: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;sems byung lnga bcu rtsa gcig&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;; Sanskrit: &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Ekapancasaccaitasika&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Fifty-one mental states (ekapancasaccaitasika)&nbsp; are the particularly important mental states listed in Abhidharma:\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Five ever-present mental states (sarvatraga) &#20116;&#36941;&#34892;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Five object-determining mental states (visayaniyata) &#20116;&#21029;&#22659;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Eleven virtuous states (ekadasa kusala) &#21313;&#19968;&#21892;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Six root destructive emotions (mulaklesa) &#20845;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Twenty subsidiary destructive emotions (upaklesa) &#20108;&#21313;&#38568;&#29033;&#24817;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Four variable mental states (aniyata) &#22235;&#19981;&#23450;&#24515;&#25152;&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;\/ul&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/fifty-one-mental-states\/  target=_blank&gt;Open Dictionary Page &#25171;&#38283;&#36781;&#20856;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/fifty-one-mental-states\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&#20116;&#21313;&#19968;&#24515;&#25152;<\/a>&#30340;&#37096;&#20998;&#12290;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eleven Virtuous States; \u5341\u4e00\u5584\u5fc3\u6240; Tibetan: \u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42 (gewe semjung chuchik); Wylie: dge ba&#8217;i sems byung bcu gcig; Sanskrit: Ekadasa kusala; The Eleven Virtuous States (ekadasa kusala) are the mental state of minds that can act as antidotes again destructive emotions. They are part of Fifty-one Mental States as listed in Abhidharma. Faith (sraddha) \u4fe1 Dignity (hri) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[819,822,820],"glossary-tags":[829],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-85070","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","glossary-categories-buddhism-","glossary-categories-sanskrit-","glossary-categories-tibetan-","glossary-tags-collection-"],"post_title":"\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42","post_content":"<strong>Eleven Virtuous States<\/strong>; <strong>\u5341\u4e00\u5584\u5fc3\u6240; <\/strong>Tibetan: <strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42 <\/span><\/strong>(gewe semjung chuchik); Wylie: <strong>dge ba'i sems byung bcu gcig<\/strong>; Sanskrit: <strong>Ekadasa kusala<\/strong>;\r\n\r\nThe Eleven Virtuous States (ekadasa kusala) are the mental state of minds that can act as antidotes again destructive emotions. They are part of Fifty-one Mental States as listed in Abhidharma.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Faith (sraddha) \u4fe1<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dignity (hri) \u615a<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Propriety (apatrapya) \u6127<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nonattachment (alobha) \u7121\u8caa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nonaggression (advesha) \u7121\u778b<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nondelusion (amoha) \u7121\u7661<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Diligence (virya) \u7cbe\u9032<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Flexibility (prasrabdhi) \u8f15\u5b89<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Conscientiousness (apramada) \u4e0d\u653e\u9038<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Equanimity (upeksa) \u884c\u6368<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nonviolence (ahimsa) \u4e0d\u5bb3<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u5341\u4e00\u5584\u5fc3\u6240\u662f\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u5fc3\u6240\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Eleven Virtuous States; \u5341\u4e00\u5584\u5fc3\u6240; Tibetan: \u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42 (gewe semjung chuchik); Wylie: dge ba&#8217;i sems byung bcu gcig; Sanskrit: Ekadasa kusala; The Eleven Virtuous States (ekadasa kusala) are the mental state of minds that can act as antidotes again destructive emotions. They are part of Fifty-one Mental States as listed in Abhidharma. 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They are part of Fifty-one Mental States as listed in Abhidharma. Faith (sraddha) \u4fe1 Dignity (hri) [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/","og_site_name":"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","article_modified_time":"2025-02-03T00:37:54+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/","name":"\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42 - Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche Global Website","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-08-27T00:44:45+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-03T00:37:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"bo-BO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/glossary\/eleven-virtuous-states\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/","name":"Jangtse Choje His Eminence Kyabje Gosok Rinpoche","description":"Official Global Site of His Eminence Jangtse Choje Gosok Rinpoche","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"bo-BO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/#organization","name":"Gosok Rinpoche","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"bo-BO","@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/kunphen-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/kunphen-logo.jpg","width":312,"height":300,"caption":"Gosok Rinpoche"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/85070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/85070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93519,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/85070\/revisions\/93519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-categories?post=85070"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-tags?post=85070"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gosokrinpoche.com\/bo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-languages?post=85070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}